This article reviewed the origin,concept,theoretical models,and assessment tools of family resilience.The aim was to provide a reference for researchers in developing family resilience assessment tools that align with China's cultural background,as well as for clinical staff in selecting suitable assessment tools.

Objective To explore the application effect of analgesia and sedation nursing based on eCASH concept in neurosurgical critically ill patients. Methods A purposive sampling method was used to select 68 patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit from January to December 2022 as study subjects.All cases were divided into control group of 33 cases and test group of 35 cases.The control group received routine analgesic and sedative nursing,while the test group received analgesia and sedation nursing based on the eCASH concept.The analgesic and sedative treatment effects,intracranial pressure,mechanical ventilation time,neurosurgical intensive care unit hospitalization time and cost,muscle strength recovery,and incidence of complications between the two groups of patients were compared. Results After intervention,the test group patients had a lower dosage of analgesic and sedative drugs,shorter recovery time after stopping sedatives,shorter hospitalization time in mechanical ventilation and neurosurgery intensive care unit,and lower incidence of complications/adverse events compared to that of the control groups patients(P<0.05).Muscle strength recovery was better than that of the control group cases(P<0.05).The time to achieve sedative goals was longer than that of the control group patients(P<0.05). Conclusions Based on the eCASH concept,analgesia and sedation nursing could help improve the effectiveness of analgesia and sedation treatment for patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit,reduce intracranial pressure,shorten mechanical ventilation and hospitalization time in neurosurgical intensive care unit.It could reduce the occurrence of complications/adverse events,and promote the recovery of patients' muscle strength as well.

Objective To explore grip strength change trajectory of community⁃dwelling elderly people and its relationship with cognitive function. Methods Based on the grip strength and cognitive function data of community⁃dwelling elderly people from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) in 2011,2013,and 2015,group⁃based trajectory model(GBTM) was used to establish the grip strength change trajectory of community-dwelling elderly people.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between grip strength trajectory and cognitive function. Results A total of 1 245 community⁃dwelling elderly people were included.GBTM analysis results showed that there were four grip strength trajectories among community⁃dwelling elderly people:extremely low level group,low level group,medium level group,and high level group.Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that after adjusting for confounding factors,compared to the extremely low level group,the grip strength of elderly people in the low level group,medium level group,and high level group were positively correlated with their cognitive function;The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting cognitive function using grip strength trajectory was 0.622(95%CI 0.587⁃0.657). Conclusions The grip strength trajectory of community-dwelling elderly people could be divided into four categories:extremely low level group,low level group,medium level group,and high level group,which have certain predictive value for the cognitive function of community⁃dwelling elderly people.Low grip strength in the elderly is a risk factor for cognitive decline.Therefore,early identification of the development trajectory of grip strength in the elderly is particularly important.

Objective To explore the changing trend and influencing factors of colostomy disgust in patients with enterostomy half a year after operation,so as to provide reference for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 262 patients with enterostomy were followed up with the General Information Questionnaire,the Colostomy Disgust Scale(CDS),Self⁃Compassion Scale(SCS),and the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire⁃2nd Edition(AAQ⁃II) 1 day before discharge and 1,3,6 months after discharge. Results Colostomy disgust of patients with enterostomy decreased gradually in the first half of the year after operation.Gender,complications,self⁃compassion,and experiential avoidance were the influencing factors of colostomy disgust.Experiential avoidance played a partial mediating role between self⁃compassion and colostomy disgust.The mediating effect accounted for 45.89% of the total effect. Conclusions Colostomy disgust of patients with enterostomy tends to decline half a year after operation.Medical staff could reduce patients' experiential avoidance by implementing self⁃compassion intervention to relieve their colostomy disgust.

Objective To explore the application effect of multi-component exercise combined with nutritional intervention based on interactive achievement theory in elderly diabetes patients complicated with sarcopenia. Methods A total of 124 elderly diabetes patients complicated with sarcopenia treated in a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanxi province from August to December,2023 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into test group and control group by random number table method.62 cases each.The control group received routine nursing measures.The test group received the multi⁃component exercise combined with nutrition intervention constructed by the research group.Calf circumference,grip strength,physical function,muscle mass,and quality of life between two groups were compared before intervention and at 3 and 6 months after intervention. Results After intervention,the test group had better grip strength,calf circumference,physical function,muscle mass,and quality of life than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions The multi-component exercise combined nutrition intervention based on interactive achievement theory was scientific and reliable.The application of this program could effectively improve the related indicators of sarcopenia in elderly diabetes patients complicated with sarcopenia,improve the quality of life of patients,and provide useful reference for clinical nursing practice.

The rules for the allocation of the burden of proof in medical care damage disputes directly affect the outcome of the judgment and are closely related to the interests of the parties.In medical care damage litigation,according to the current substantive law,the burden of proof of the perpetrator,the result of the damage,fault and the facts of the causal relationship is borne by the patient.However,due to the subjectivity of fault facts and the complex professionalism of causal relationships,patients face difficulties in proving fault and causal factors.In order to solve the above problems and reduce the burden of proof on patients,this paper localized the theory of apparent proof and the theory of loss of opportunity,and proposes a mitigation scheme for the burden of proof in medical care damage disputes.

Objective To explore the influence of music intervention guided by soundscape theory on procedural pain⁃related behaviors and electroencephalogram characteristics in neonates. Methods A total of 96 term neonates undergoing radial artery blood sampling in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary grade A general hospital in Guangzhou city from April to December 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into control group and intervention group by the envelope method,with 48 cases each.Based on the soundscape theory,the intervention group received 50 dB of soothing music starting 5 minutes before radial artery puncture until 10 minutes after needle withdrawal, while the control group received 0 dB of soothing music over the same period.The Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain score,heart rate,and blood oxygen saturation,and electroencephalogram(EEG) before,during,and after arterial puncture were compared between the two groups. Results Compared to the control group,the intervention group showed significantly lower pain scores at 90 and 120 s after puncture(P<0.05),higher oxygen saturation at 120 s after puncture(P<0.05),and a smaller difference in EEG amplitude changes before and after puncture(P<0.05). Conclusions Music intervention guided by soundscape theory could relieve pain,improve blood oxygen saturation fluctuations,and decrease the amplitude of EEG physiological changes in neonates.

Objective To explore the effect of resistance training based on modified comprehensive geriatric assessment(CGA) of elderly patients with chronic heart failure and sarcopenia. Methods A total of 80 elderly patients with chronic heart failure and sarcopenia admitted to Ganzhou People's Hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were randcomly divided into control group and test group by random number table method,with 40 cases each.The control group received routine intervention,while the test group received resistance training intervention based on modified comprehensive geriatric assessment.Physical activity status,exercise endurance,quality of life,cardiac function indicators,skeletal muscle function related indicators,and nutritional indicators were compared between two groups. Results After 8 weeks of intervention,the Simplified Physical Fitness Scale(SPPB) scores,6-minute walk test(6MWT),and Activities of Daily Living(ADL) scores in the test group were higher than those in the control group.The Minnesota Heart Failure Quality of Life Scale(MLHFQ) scores was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and the ratio of peak e to peak a of forward mitral flow(E/A) were higher than those in the control group.The left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD) was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05).The skeletal muscle mass index,walking speed,grip strength,and the duration of 5 sit up tests were better than those in the control group(P<0.05).The body mass index(BMI),upper arm muscle circumference (AMC),lower leg circumference,and triceps skinfold thickness(TSF) were better than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Resistance training based on modified comprehensive geriatric assessment could improve the physical condition and exercise endurance of elderly patients with chronic heart failure and sarcopenia,enhance their quality of life and cardiac function,and improve skeletal muscle function and nutritional status.

Objective To summarize the best evidence for hammock positioning nursing in preterm infants,and to provide an evidence-based foundation for clinical practice. Methods Following the "6S" evidence model,related literature were searched from NGC,GIN,NICE,QCG,BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,JBI,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,EMbase,CINAHL,CBM,CNKI,WanFang Data,and websites of relevant associations such as the World Prematurity Association,RANO,and International Neonatal Society.The retrieval period spanned from the establishment of the database to August 3,2024.The AGREE Ⅱ,AMSTAR 2,and JBI evaluation tools were used to assess the quality of the literature,which was then graded according to the JBI evidence grading system. Results A total of 12 articles were included,comprising 2 guidelines,5 systematic reviews,2 evidence summaries,and 3 randomized controlled trials.Totally 21 pieces of evidence were extracted from six aspects:assessment of hammock position,training and guidance,timing of hammock care,production and installation of hammocks,placement of hammock positions for premature infants,physiological monitoring and safety management during hammock care. Conclusions This study provided high⁃quality evidence-based support for the clinical implementation of hammock position nursing for premature infants,which helps to standardize nursing practice.Through continuous optimization of clinical practice,hammock position nursing is expected to become an important means to improve the quality of premature infant care.

Objective To develop a virtual simulation teaching program for individual nutritional intervention in hospitalized patients and to evaluate its application effectiveness. Methods A total of 169 nursing undergraduate students from a university of grade 2022 were selected as research group.A virtual simulation experiment teaching of nutritional intervention for hospitalized patients was conducted in the course of clinical nutrition.A total of 196 nursing undergraduate students of grade 2021 were selected as control group,which were received regular teaching.The teaching effect was evaluated after the teaching activity completed. Results The school platform recorded a cumulative of 1 028 accesses with 78 hours of usage time.Per⁃user login attempts ranged from 2 to 9 times,while the practical training score averaged 95.42±10.37 points.Student satisfaction rating reached full marks(10/10).The provincial platform served 760 distinct users with 35 cumulative usage hours.Individual login frequencies spanned 1 to 5 attempts,yielding a training score of 91.33±12.68 points.User evaluation also achieved a perfect 10⁃point score.The stage test scores of the nursing undergraduate students in research group(30.17±4.12) were significantly higher than that of the nursing undergraduate students in control group(26.96±3.33).There was a statistically significant difference between them(P<0.001).A total of 77.30%⁃5.89% of nursing undergraduates acknowledged that the virtual simulation teaching program facilitates learning engagement,enhances self⁃directed learning capabilities,and cultivates the learning mindset.Through virtual simulation training,82.21%-91.41% of students achieved mastery of core nutritional competencies including risk screening,assessment,intervention,and monitoring.The overwhelming majority expressed satisfaction with the system's functional design,reporting consistently positive learning experiences. Conclusions The virtual simulation experiment teaching could effectively improve the academic performance of nursing undergraduate students and enhance the quality of clinical nutrition teaching.