To construct and validate machine learning-based prediction models for the risk of excessive gestational weight gain(EGWG),and to compare the predictive performance of different models, and select the optimal one.

Using a convenience sampling method,a total of 623 puerpera who delivered at term and received prenatal check-ups at a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing from December 2024 to June 2025 were selected as the study subjects.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to screen predictive factors.Prediction models were constructed by using six machine learning algorithms:Logistic regression,support vector machine,gradient boosting machine,neural network,extreme gradient boosting,and categorical boosting.Model performance was evaluated by using metrics,such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),F1 score,accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,precision,and Brier Score to determine the optimal model,and a web calculator was developed.The SHapley additive explanations(SHAP) method was employed to interpret the contribution of each variable to the outcome in the best model.

Among 623 puerpera,198 (31.8%) cases experienced excessive gestational weight gain. Multivariate analysis results showed that pre-pregnancy body mass index,sedentary time during pregnancy,gestational diabetes mellitus,advanced maternal age,depressive symptoms during pregnancy,insufficient physical activity during pregnancy,and primiparity were risk factors for excessive gestational weight gain.Among the six machine learning models,the gradient boosting machine model demonstrated the best predictive performance(training set: AUC=0.836,F1=0.669;test set:AUC=0.756,F1=0.609).Calculation of SHAP values for the gradient boosting machine model revealed that pre-pregnancy body mass index,sedentary time during pregnancy,and gestational diabetes mellitus were the three key feature variables for predicting excessive gestational weight gain.

This study constructed a machine learning algorithm-based risk prediction model and web calculator for excessive gestational weight gain,providing an effective tool for early clinical identification and prevention.This contributes to the implementation of targeted clinical interventions and improves the effectiveness of gestational weight management.

To analyze the status quo of sleep quality of pregnant women in late pregnancy,and to explore the correlation between sleep quality in late pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.

Pregnant women who visited the Obstetrics Clinic of Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital from November 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the research subjects.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS),and Snail Sleep APP were used to evaluate the sleep quality of pregnant women at 28-32 weeks and 32-36 weeks,respectively.Clinical data related to pregnancy outcomes were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical record system.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used for univariate correlation analysis.

A total of 219 pregnant women were included.The correlation analysis results showed that the sleep quality of pregnant women in the late pregnancy showed a downward trend with the increase of gestational weeks[the awakening time after falling asleep was longer(P<0.001),and the total PSQI score was significantly increased(P<0.001)].The sleep efficiency of pregnant women in late pregnancy was negatively correlated with the risk of macrosomia(r=-0.17,P=0.011).Pregnant women with high frequency of nocturia had an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage(r=0.12,P=0.046),premature birth(r=0.14,P=0.043),neonatal asphyxia(r=0.25,P<0.001),and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit(r=0.13,P=0.045).

The sleep quality of pregnant women gradually decreases in the late pregnancy.The sleep quality of pregnant women directly affects the health status of the mother and offspring.

To explore subjective cognitive attitudes toward lifestyle changes among patients after metabolic and bariatric surgery and inform tailored interventions.

Based on the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change,Q methodology was applied.A 28-item Q-sample was developed via literature review and semi-structured interviews.Sixteen patients within 1-12 months post-surgery completed Q-sorting.Factor extraction and analysis were conducted.

Fourteen valid Q-sorts were analyzed.Three distinct attitude types were identified,accounting for 62.0% of total variance:proactive,passive acceptance,and cognitive conflict.These types differed in health cognition,behavioral motivation,and contextual adaptability.

Patients after bariatric metabolic surgery exhibit heterogeneous attitudes toward lifestyle changes.Identifying cognitive typologies can inform stratified nursing education and behavioral support strategies to enhance long-term adherence and rehabilitation outcomes.

To construct a Nomogram prediction model for intraoperative acquired pressure injury in elderly patients with brain tumors based on limb muscle strength.

A total of 536 elderly patients with brain tumors who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2022 to June 2025 were enrolled and randomly divided into a training set(n=366) and a validation set(n=170) at a 7∶3 ratio.Based on the occurrence of intraoperative acquired pressure injury,patients in the training set were further classified into an injury group and a non-injury group.Clinical data and limb muscle strength data were collected.Univariate analysis was performed.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression algorithm was used to identify characteristic variables associated with intraoperative acquired pressure injury.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of intraoperative acquired pressure injury.A Nomogram prediction model was then constructed based on these independent predictors.The calibration of the model was evaluated by using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curves.Clinical utility was assessed through decision curve analysis.Predictive performance was evaluated by plotting receiver operating characteristic curves and calculating the area under the curve.External validation was performed by using the validation set.

Logistic regression analysis results showed that diabetes,operative time,intraoperative temperature variation,albumin level,C-reactive protein level,and limb muscle strength grade were independent predictive factors of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in elderly patients with brain tumors.The calibration curves for both the training and validation sets showed good fit with the ideal curve.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated good consistency between predicted and observed probabilities,demonstrating satisfactory model accuracy(training set:χ²=6.697,P=0.570;validation set:χ²=5.464,P=0.707).Decision curve analysis revealed that within a threshold probability range of 0 to 1,the Nomogram model provided a higher net clinical benefit compared to any single predictor in both the training and validation sets,indicating strong clinical utility.The Area under receiver operating characteristic curves for the training set was 0.883(95%CI 0.845-0.920) and for the validation set was 0.879(95%CI 0.820-0.937),indicating excellent predictive.

The Nomogram prediction model for intraoperative acquired pressure injury in elderly patients with brain tumors,incorporating diabetes,operative time,intraoperative temperature variation,albumin level,C-reactive protein level,and limb muscle strength grade,demonstrates good calibration,clinical utility,and predictive performance.The Nomogram prediction model of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in elderly patients with brain tumors based on diabetes,operation time,intraoperative temperature variation,albumin level,C-reactive protein,and limb muscle strength has good calibration,clinical practicality,and prediction efficiency.This model holds significant clinical value for identifying high-risk patients and guiding preventive nursing interventions.

To identify growth trajectory of weight by using latent class growth modeling,and to analyze the risk of secondary PICC catheter displacement in very low birth weight(VLBW) infants with different trajectories.

By a convenience sampling method,very low birth weight infants who underwent PICC placement admitted to Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected as the survey subjects.Latent class growth modeling was used to identify the weight growth trajectory of the infants after catheterization for 4 weeks.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for secondary catheter displacement in the infants.The survival curves were drawn to compare the occurrence of secondary catheter displacement in infants with different weight growth trajectories.

A total of 212 very low birth weight infants were included.According to their weight growth trajectory after catheterization,they were divided into three types:decline-then-rise type(38.2%),rise-then-decline type(17.5%),and relatively stable type(44.3%).Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that decline-then-rise type[HR=4.290,95%CI (1.853,9.923)],and rise-then-decline type[HR=3.399,95%CI(1.352,8.535)]were risk factors for secondary catheter displacement in very low birth weight infants.The survival curve results showed that with the relatively stable type as a reference,the risk of catheter displacement was higher in the decline-then-rise type(χ²=6.786,P=0.005) and rise-then-decline type(χ²=9.861,P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the risk of catheter displacement between the decline-then-rise type and the rise-then-decline type(χ²=0.507,P=0.476).

The weight growth trajectory of very low birth weight infants after catheterization included three types:decline-then-rise type,rise-then-decline type,and relatively stable type.Decline-then-rise type and rise-then-decline type are risk factors for secondary catheter displacement in very low birth weight infants.Risk stratification of PICC catheter secondary displacement based on different weight growth trajectories could provide a basis for early intervention by medical staff.

To explore the relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and impaired fasting glucose(IFG) in early pregnancy.

A cross-sectional study method was conducted.A total of 233 pregnant women who established their prenatal records in the first trimester in Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were selected as the research subjects.Their demographic,clinical,obstetric,and nutritional data were collected.Interoceptive sensitivity was assessed by using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness,version 2(MAIA-2).Participants were divided into an impaired fasting glucose group and a normal blood glucose group based on their fasting blood glucose levels.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between interoceptive sensitivity in early pregnancy and impaired fasting glucose.

The incidence of impaired fasting glucose in 233 pregnant women was 18.0%(42 cases).After adjusting for relevant confounding factors,the multivariable Logistic regression analysis results showed that interoceptive sensitivity was an independent protective factor against impaired fasting glucose in early pregnancy(OR=0.520,95%CI 0.275-0.984,P=0.044).

Higher interoceptive sensitivity in early pregnancy has a protective effect against impaired fasting glucose.This finding suggests that enhancing interoceptive sensitivity in pregnant women may be a potential new target for the prevention and management of abnormal fasting glucose in early pregnancy.

To construct a Nomogram prediction model for the risk of postoperative hospital-acquired infection in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection,so as to enable the early identification of high-risk individuals.

Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 412 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical treatment at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2019 to December 2023.LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors for postoperative hospital-acquired infection.A Nomogram prediction model for hospital-acquired infection risk was subsequently constructed.The model's performance was evaluated using the concordance index and bootstrap-corrected C-index,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration curves,decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curve analysis.

Postoperative hospital-acquired infections occurred in 61 of the 412 patients(14.81%).Logistic regression analysis revealed that pleural effusion,indwelling nasogastric tube,length of ICU stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and hypoalbuminemia were significant risk factors for postoperative hospital-acquired infection.The Nomogram yielded an AUC of 0.837(95%CI 0.773-0.901),with a C-index of 0.837 and a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.829.The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between predicted probabilities and actual observations. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve analysis indicated favorable clinical utility and net benefit.

Pleural effusion,indwelling nasogastric tube,length of ICU stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and hypoalbuminemia are significant predictors of postoperative hospital-acquired infection in patients undergoing surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection.The Nomogram prediction model based on these variables could help clinical workers identify high-risk patients early,and take timely control measures to reduce infection risk.

To explore the potential categories of health-promoting behaviors in patients with colorectal cancer and their influencing factors,with a particular focus on the role of social support,so as to provide a basis for developing personalized health intervention strategies.

A total of 300 patients with colorectal cancer were recruited from the gastrointestinal surgery department of a tertiary hospital in Shanghai city between October 2024 and May 2025 by using a convenience sampling method.Data were collected by using a General Information Questionnaire,the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ),and the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS).Latent profile analysis(LPA) was employed to identify potential categories of health-promoting behaviors,and univariate analysis along with Logistic regression were conducted to examine influencing factors.

Latent profile analysis revealed three distinct categories of health-promoting behaviors:the low-level-low self-actualization group(31.3%),the moderate-level-low exercise group(31.7%),and the high-level-high health responsibility group(37.0%).Logistic regression analysis indicated that educational level,administrative level of residence,number of children providing practical support,frequency of alcohol consumption,frequency of smoking,and social support were significant factors influencing the latent categories of health-promoting behaviors in colorectal cancer patients(P<0.05).

Health-promoting behaviors among colorectal cancer patients exhibit significant heterogeneity.It is recommended to implement stratified interventions tailored to different behavioral profiles,and to optimize healthcare policies to improve accessibility to rehabilitation services,thereby to enhance patients' health behaviors and quality of life.

To translate the Moral Competence Scale for Home Care Nurses(MCSHCN) into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity among community home-visit nurses.

According to the Brislin translation model,the MCSHCN was translated,back-translated,culturally adapted,and pre-surveyed to develop the Chinese version.A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 498 community home-visit nurses from Hangzhou city,Zhejiang province.The construct validity,content validity,internal consistency,and split-half reliability of the Chinese version of the MCSHCN were tested.

The Chinese version of the MCSHCN consisted of 5 dimensions and 45 items.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 66.856%.Confirmatory analysis model fitting indicators,χ²/ν=1.725,RMSEA=0.052,GFI=0.801,NFI=0.800,TLI=0.899,and CFI=0.904.The scale-level content validity index(S-CVI) was 0.985.The item-level content validity index(I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.969.The split-half reliability was 0.868.

The Chinese version of the MCSHCN for home care nurses has good reliability and validity.It could be used as an effective tool to evaluate the moral competence of home-visit nurses in China.

To systematically analyze the conceptual connotation,attributes,antecedents,and consequences of disability stigma by using the Rodgers evolutionary concept analysis method,in order to construct its theoretical framework and to provide a basis for developing assessment tools and intervention strategies in the nursing field.

A systematic search of Chinese and English databases such as CNKI,WanFang Database,VIP Database,CBM,PubMed,EBSCO,Web of Science,EMbase,Scopus,etc.,were conducted.Following the structured procedures of Rodgers' method,the concept of disability stigma was conceptual analysised by examining its evolution,defining attributes,antecedents,consequences,and model cases.

Four defining attributes of disability stigma were identified:derogatory identity representation,labeling stereotypes,social alienation and rejection,and structural power imbalance.Its antecedents originate from public attitudes and self-perception,while its consequences encompass health-related social withdrawal,negative physical and psychological outcomes,impaired family functioning,occupational rehabilitation barriers,and diminished overall well-being.

Disability stigma constitutes a dynamic process,socio-culturally constructed and reinforced through interpersonal interactions and institutional arrangements,which severely constrains the health outcomes and social participation of individuals with disabilities.The theoretical framework established in this study facilitates a deeper understanding of disability stigma from a nursing perspective,providing a valuable reference for developing multi-level,interdisciplinary anti-stigma interventions and advancing health equity policies.

To explore the status quo and influencing factors of home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease(CVD) in Deyang city,and to provide scientific basis for optimizing regional nursing service strategies.

Using stratified convenience sampling method,a total of 291 elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease living at home in Deyang city from March to August 2024 were selected as research subjects.Clinical data and the status quo and needs for home care were collected.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of home care needs for elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease.

Among 291 elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease who stayed at home,only 3.44% had experience with home care services,with an overall demand rate of 21.31%.Logistic regression analysis results showed that place of residence,per capita monthly income of the family,and daily living activity ability were the influencing factors of home care needs for elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease(P<0.05).

The home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease in Deyang city presents the characteristics of low utilization rate,low demand rate,and specific demand orientation.The main influencing factors for home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease are place of residence,per capita monthly income of the family,and daily living activity ability.

Based on the journey map,to identify the multidimensional needs of visual rehabilitation management for corneal transplant patients,so as to provide reference for optimizing the full journey care of this group.

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted.From October 2024 to July 2025,a total of 15 patients who underwent corneal transplantation at a tertiary eye hospital were selected via purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews.Content analysis was applied to analyze the data.A patient journey map was drawn.

Using the four phases of corneal transplantation--screening and diagnosis,waiting period for transplantation,treatment period,and rehabilitation period-as the timeline,health needs of corneal transplant patients were summarized across 35 themes in three dimensions:tasks,emotions,and pain points.A health management journey map for corneal transplant patients was constructed.

The visual rehabilitation management journey map clearly illustrates the needs and pain points of patients at each stage.In the future,targeted interventions could be developed based on these identified needs to create high-quality health management resources,providing continuous and precise personalized care to improve the quality of life for corneal transplant patients.

To understand the experience and expectations of clinical work in nursing with doctoral degree in China,and to provide a basis for further improving the clinical work experience of highly educated talents and giving full play to the professional value of nurses with a doctoral degree.

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted.Fourteen clinical nurses holding doctoral degrees were recruited for semi-structured in-depth interviews.The interview data were analyzed by using content analysis to extract key themes.

Three main themes and nine sub-themes were identified:dilemmas and professional identity under role conflict(including work conflicts under multiple roles,research challenges stemming from disciplinary characteristics,and evolving professional identity),retention motivations and coping under pressure(including work challenges under multiple pressures,retention motivations based on comprehensive advantages,and coping strategies in response to stress),and needs and expectations in career development(including the need for clear career path planning,equitable allocation of research resources,and expectations for administrative empowerment).

Clinical institutions should establish clear career development pathways,optimize evaluation systems,and provide targeted support in research resources and administrative empowerment.At the hospital level,talent positioning should be redefined to eliminate disciplinary bias and improve resource allocation.These measures are essential to fully develop the professional value of nurses with doctoral degrees and promote the high-quality development of the nursing discipline.

To construct a scientific and systematic evaluation index system for caregiving quality of elderly patients with mental disorders,and to provide scientific basis for clinical practice,policy development,and improvement of caregiving quality.

The initial indicator pool was developed through literature review and the Delphi expert consultation method.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was adopted to determine the weights of indicators at all levels in the evaluation index system for caregiving quality of elderly patients with mental disorders.

Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted.The effective questionnaire recovery rate were both 100% in two rounds.The expert authority coefficient were both 0.893 in two rounds.The Kendall's coordination coefficients of the two rounds were ranged from 0.57 to 0.66 and from 0.68 to 0.78 respectively(both P<0.01).The coefficients of variation ranged from 0.121 7 to 0.341 2 and from 0.064 4 to 0.228 1 respectively.The finally constructed evaluation index system for caregiving quality of elderly patients with mental disorders consisted of 4 dimensions(physical health,mental health,caregiving ethics and social support),including 13 primary indicators,27 secondary indicators and 44 tertiary indicators.

The evaluation index system for caregiving quality of elderly patients with mental disorders constructed in this study is scientific and practical.It could provide reference for standardized evaluation of caregiving quality in elderly patients with mental disorders,so as to improve the overall caregiving quality.

To explore the psychological and behavioral adaptation process of patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia(IAH) regarding their lack of symptom perception,identify key stage characteristics,and to construct an adaptation model to provide a theoretical basis for formulating intervention strategies.

Using purposive sampling method,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 hospitalized patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia in a tertiary grade A hospital in Tianjin from May to June 2025.NVivo 15.0 software was employed for coding and analyzing the interview data.Grounded theory was used to construct a relational model of psychological and behavioral adaptation in patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia.

The symptom perception characteristics of patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia manifested in three types:complete loss of perception,highered perception threshold,and static situational perception loss.The psychological and behavioral adaptation process exhibited dynamic changes through different stages(confusion,conflict,negativity,and reconstruction),encompassing five psychological patterns(ignorance and indifference,confusion and helplessness,fear and anxiety,passive acceptance,and regular adaptation) and six behavioral patterns(lack of strategy,contradictory compensation,inert avoidance,strict monitoring,technology-driven,and experience-driven),with phenomena of leapfrogging and regression between stages.

Patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia exhibit staged psychological adaptation and behavioral compensation patterns under the state of symptom perception loss.This finding provides a theoretical basis for the development of clinical intervention strategies.

To explore the characteristics of potential categories of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses and their influencing factors,thereby providing reference for optimizing the nursing work environment and alleviating workplace ostracism issues.

A total of 1 294 clinical nurses from 5 tertiary grade A hospitals in Hainan province from July to August 2025 were selected as the study participants.The survey was conducted by using the General Information Questionnaire,the Workplace Ostracism Scale,Nurse Head Negative Leadership Behavior Scale,Interpersonal Trust Scale,Social Avoidance and Distress Scale,Big Five Personality Scale.Latent profile analysis was used to identify categories of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different categories of clinical nurse workplace ostracism.

The Workplace Ostracism Scale score for the 1 294 clinical nurses was 21.23±9.85.They were classified into four categories:low workplace ostracism-integrated type(40.9%),occasional workplace ostracism type(30.2%),moderate workplace ostracism type(20.4%),and severe workplace ostracism type(8.5%).The frequency of night shifts per month,income satisfaction,health status over the past 6 months,department,negative leadership behaviors of head nurses,interpersonal trust,social avoidance and distress,and the Big-Five personality traits were the influencing factors of workplace ostracism among different categories of clinical nurses(P<0.05).Interpersonal trust,social avoidance,and distress partially mediate the relationship between negative leadership behavior of head nurses and workplace ostracism.The Big Five personality traits have a moderating effect on the relationship between negative leadership behavior of head nurses and workplace ostracism(P<0.05).

Workplace ostracism among clinical nurses is relatively common in tertiary grade A hospitals.Hospital administrators should strengthen their attention to the population affected by workplace ostracism,so as to improve the workplace environment and enhance the quality of nursing care.

To systematically retrieve the research on the application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients,to provide reference for precise symptom management practice of cancer patients.

The relevant literature on the application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients from PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,ProQuest,EBSCO,CNKI,VIP Database,WanFang Database,and CBM were retrieved.The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to November 22,2025.The included literature were summarized and analyzed.

A total of 26 literatures were included.The response models of conversational agents were mainly natural language processing-based,rule-based,and mixture model.The information output sources included authoritative clinical guidelines and self-developed evidence-based question-and-answer databases.The information output formats included text,voice,and multimodal formats.Intervention contents included symptom monitoring and grading management,medication management and compliance management,health education and information support,psychological and emotional support,lifestyle intervention.The main outcome indicators were physical symptoms,psychosocial health outcomes,and user experience.

The symptom management of cancer patients based on conversational agents is feasible and effective.It shows a good application prospect in improving cancer patients' self-management ability,quality of life,enhancing satisfaction and compliance,optimizing the allocation of medical resources,and promoting doctor-patient communication and information sharing.

A scoping review was conducted on relevant studies regarding the use of brain computer interface technology to promote the rehabilitation of Cognitive Function in stroke patients,aiming to identify brain computer interface technology intervention programs,outcome measures,and therapeutic effects,so as to provide references for future research.

Relevant studies in CBM,WanFang Database,VIP Database,CNKI,Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,MedLine Chinese and English databases Chinese and English databases were searched.The retrieval time was from establishment of databases to November 1,2025.Literature were screened,extracted,and summarized based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data extraction and meta-analysis were performed on the included literature.

A total of 15 studies were included.Brain computer interface technology mainly included brain computer interface with functional electrical stimulation,exoskeleton robot and P300 spellers.The frequency of exercise were mostly 3-5 times per week,with the duration of a single training session mostly 30 minutes and the intervention cycle were 4 weeks.The outcome indicators involved three aspects:cognitive function,quality of life and safety.

Brain computer interface technology could effectively improve cognitive function in stroke patients and enhance their abilities in daily living.However,related research is still in the exploratory stage.Future studies may focus on multidisciplinary collaboration to conduct large-sample,multicenter,long-term follow-up clinical trials,offering personalized intervention programs for patients with varying functional levels and promoting the usability and widespread application of brain computer interface technology in cognitive rehabilitation for stroke.