The differential metabolites of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities were studied to provide reference for the determination of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）harvest time.

Based on the metabolo micsmethod，the changes of chemical components in Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities were explored.The data of secondary metabolites in mulberry fruits was collected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）.Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis（PCA）and partial least squares discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）were used to explore the differences in metabolic components of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities.

There were significant differences in the metabolites of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities.A total of176 compounds in 11 categories were screened.Flavonoids and organic acids accounted for 23.30% and 21.02%，respectively.The contents of most screened flavonoids and organic acid differential metabolites increased with the increase of maturity，and the flavonoids and organic acid metabolites of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）of different germplasms were different.The contents of extract，total flavonoids，total polyphenols and rutin in the mature stage were higher than those in the immature stage.The antioxidant activity in the mature stage was stronger than that in the immature stage.The content of chlorogenic acid in the immature stage was higher than that in the mature stage，and the inhibitory effectonα-glucosidase was also stronger than that in the mature stage.

There are obvious differences in the metabolites of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities.The contents of chemical components in Sangshen（Mori Fructus）are related to different maturities.Based on the antioxidant effect，it is better to harvest when Sangshen（Mori Fructus）is dark purple（mature）.Based on the hypoglycemic effect，it is better to harvest when the Sangshen（Mori Fructus）becomes red（immature），which provides a basis for the quality control of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）and the determination of harvesting time.

To investigate the impact of Schisandrol A（SA）on lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced and differentiated small intestinal epithelial cell damage in human colorectal cancer Caco-2 cells.

Caco-2 cells were random ly divided into a normal control group（without drug intervention，Con），a model group（0.7 mg·mL^-1，LPS）and SA（2.5，5，10 μmol·L^-1）dose groups.The cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 method.The cell apoptosis，cell cycle，mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS）were detected by flow cytometry.The levels of inflammatory factors in the cell supernatant were measured using ELISA.Oxidative stress was assessed using an enzyme-labeled method.The expressions of proteins related to the NF-κB signaling pathway and apoptosis-related pathways were determined by Western Blot analysis.

The findings indicated that compared with the LPS group，SA at concentrations between 2.5-10μmol·L^-1 exhibited a significant protective effect on cells，exhibiting a certain dose-dependent relationship（P<0.01，P<0.001）.It reduced the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA），lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）and ROS（P<0.05，P<0.01，P<0.001），increased the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and GSH（P<0.01，P<0.001），inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-6IL-6 and interleukin-18（IL-18）（P<0.05，P<0.01，P<0.001），promoted the release of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10（IL-10）（P<0.001），increased mitochondrial membrane potential（P<0.05，P<0.01），improved cell cycle arrest（P<0.05）and modulated the expression levels of inflammation and apoptosis-related pathway proteins（P<0.05，P<0.01，P<0.001）.

This study has confirmed in vitro that SA is capable of improving LPS-induced damage to Caco-2 cells.The mechanism of action appears to be related to the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

To observe the clinical effect of Viral Flu Prescription combined with external treatment by pressing needle in the treatment of acute viral upper respiratory tract infection.

This study included 200 patients with acute viral upper respiratory tract infection（admitted to the emergency department and fever clinic from October 2023 to March 2024），who were divided into observation group and control group by random number tablemethod.The control group（100 cases）received conventional treatment.The observation group（100 cases）were treated with Viral Flu Prescription and external treatment by pressing needle on the basis of the control group.The data of patients in each group was compared，including the treatmenteffect，the time of body temperature returned to be normal，the time of cough，sore throat and runny nose to disappear，adverse reactions and TCM symptom scores before and after treatment（fever，sore throat，drymouth，thirst，stream turbidity stuff，etc.）and the levels of serum amyloid A（SAA），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-6（IL-6），interleukin-10（IL-10）and other inflammatory factors.

The total effective rate of the observation group（99.00%，99/100）was higher than that of the control group（93.00%，93/100）（P<0.05）.Compared with those in the control group，the time of body temperature to return to be normal，the time for cough，sore throat and runny nose to disappear were shorter in the observation group（P<0.05）.The adverse reaction rate of the control group and the observation group was lower（P>0.05）.Before treatment，TCM symptom scores（fever，sore throat，dry and thirsty mouth，runny nose，etc.），the levels of SAA levels，TNF-α，IL-6 and IL-10 were compared in both groups（P>0.05）.After treatment，these indexes in the observation group were better than those in the control group（P<0.05）.

Viral Flu Prescription combined with external treatment by pressing needle has good clinical effect in the treatment of acute viralupper respiratory tract infection，which can better improve the symptoms of patients，promote patients to recover faster，and the treatment is safe and reliable.

Taking the odor as the research object，this paper revealed the scientific connotation of the qualitative standard that“the drugwith strong odor has good quality”of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）.

The contents of9monomer components and polyphenols in 53 batches of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetricmethod.The odor of the samples was quantified by electronic nose technology，and the correlation between the two was analyzed by bivariate correlation method.Taking the quantitative characteristic value of odor as the index，the qualitative identificationmodel of gas-based quality evaluation of differentgrades of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）was established by using chemometrics method.

Gastrodin，protocatechuic acid，4-hydroxybenzaldehyde，vanillin，parishin B and polyphenols were all positively correlated with the odor.Differentgrades of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）can be distinguished by PCA and DFA models.

The stronger the odor of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）is，the higher the contents of the above-mentioned pharmacodynamic components are，which reveals the traditional mechanism that“the drug with strong odor has good quality”of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）.The establishment of a qualitative identification model based on objective quantification of odor can be used for the identification of differentgrades of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma），which lays a foundation for the quality evaluation of Tianma（Gastrodiae Rhizoma）.

To observe the clinical efficacy of Wangbi Capsule（尪痹胶囊）in the treatment of dampness-heat blocking collateral type of rheumatoid arthritis and its effects on serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor（GM-CSF），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and CD4⁺T cell subsets.

Ninety-eighty patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated in the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the study objects，and the above patients were divided into control group and observation group with 49 cases in each group by random number table method.The control group was given leflunomide orally，and the observation group was given Wangbi Capsule on the basis of the control group.The clinical efficacy，TCM syndrome score and adverse reactions，the degree of joint pain and the levels of serum inflammatory factors before and after treatment were compared between two groups.

The effective rate of the control group was 79.59%，and that of the observation group was 93.88%.Compared with that of the control group，the effective rate of the observation group was significantly increased（P<0.05）.There was no significant difference in TCM syndrome scores between the two groups before treatment（P>0.05）.After treatment，the levels of morning stiffness，joint flexion and extension，fever，joint swelling pain and heat in the observation group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group（P<0.01）.Before intervention，there was no significant difference in ultrasound scores between the two groups（P>0.05）.After the intervention，the ultrasound scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）.Before intervention，there was no significant difference in the degree of joint pain between the two groups（P>0.05）.Compared with those of the control group，visual analog scale（VAS）score and disease activity score 28（DAS28）score of the observation group were significantly decreased after treatment（P<0.01）.There was no significant difference in serum inflammatory factors between the two groups before intervention（P>0.05）.After the intervention，the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR），C-reactive protein（CRP），rheumatoid factor（RF），GM-CSF and TNF-αin the observation group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group（P<0.01）.During the intervention，the main adverse reactions of all patients were gastrointestinal discomfort，hemocytopenia，elevated aminotransferase and skin allergy，and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups（P>0.05）.

Wangbi Capsule combined with leflunomide has a good clinical effect in the treatment of moisture-heat blocking collateral type of rheumatoid arthritis，which can alleviate the joint pain and dysfunction，improve the jointultrasound status and inhibit the inflammation，without increasing the adverse reactions.

To explore the intervention and mechanism of YiqiBushen Tongluo Decoction（益气补肾通络方）in the treatment of varicocele infertility inmice.

A total of60 Sprague Dawley（SD）rats were selected and divided into sham operation group，model group，Yiqi Bushen Tongluo Decoction low dose group，medium dose group and high dose group according to random number table method，with 12 cases in each group.The drug was given by intragastric administration 48 h after the modeling was completed and continuously used for60 d.The testis and epididymis quality，sperm quality，spermatogenic cell apoptosis index and the levels of malondialdehyde（MDA），superoxide dismutase（SOD）and nitric oxide（NO）in testicular tissue were compared among all groups.

The testis quality，epididymal quality，sperm concentration and sperm motility in the model group were lower than those in the sham operation group，and the spermatogenic apoptosis index was higher than those in the sham operation group，with statistical significance（P<0.05）.Compared with those in the model group，the testis quality，epididymal quality，sperm concentration and sperm motility were significantly increased in the Yiqi Bushen Tongluo Decoction low dose，medium dose and high dose groups，and the spermatogenic apoptosis indexwas significantly decreased，with statistical significance（P<0.05）.The levels of MDA and NO in the model group were higher than those in the sham operation group，and the SOD level was lower than that in the sham operation group，with statistical significance（P<0.05）.Compared with those in the model group，the levels of MDA and NO were significantly decreased in the Yiqi Bushen Tongluo Decoction low dose，medium dose and high dose groups，and the SOD level was significantly increased，with statistical significance（P<0.05）.

Yiqi Bushen Tongluo Decoction can improve the sperm quality of mice with varicocele infertility.Itsmechanism of action is mainly related to inhibiting spermatogenic cell apoptosis，anti-oxidative stress and reducing NO level.

To explore the mechanism of Modified Qingre Shenshi Decoction（清热渗湿汤化裁）regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in improving ulcerative colitis.

A total of150 patients with ulcerative colitis admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected and divided into control group（75 cases，treated with mesalazine enteric-coated tablets）and observation group（75 cases，treated with Modified Qingre Shenshi Decoction）according to a random number table.The efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groupswere compared.TCM syndrome scores，disease evaluation，serum factor and mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in two groups were observed.

After treatment，the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）.Before treatment，the scores of lower abdomen fullness and pain，burning anus，strong anal distension，diarrhea，mucus，pus and blood stool，heavy limbs，chest tightness and fever，dry mouth and bitter mouth and short urine red were not significant between the two groups（P>0.05）.After treatment，the scores of the above symptoms were all lower than those before treatment.In addition，the scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）.Before treatment，the scores of Baron endoscopy and mucosal histology were not significant between the two groups（P>0.05）.After treatment，the scores of Baron endoscopy and mucosal histology in the two groups were lower and the scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）.Before treatment，the levels of interleukin-1β，tumor necrosis factor-α，endotoxin and D-lactic acid were not significant between the two groups（P>0.05）.After treatment，the levels of interleukin-1β，tumor necrosis factor-α，endotoxin and D-lactic acid in both groups were lower than those before treatment，and the levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）.Before treatment，the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB not significant between the two groups（P>0.05）.After treatment，the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in the two groups were lower than those before treatment，and the expressions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）.There were no adverse reactions in both groups during the treatment.

By regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway，Modified Qingre Shenshi Decoction can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with ulcerative colitis，plays an anti-inflammatory role and promotes the recovery of patients，which is worthy of clinical application.

To investigate the ethanol fractional precipitation of vinegar-baked Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）polysaccharides（VBCP）and their effects on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of lamivudine.

The ethanol fractional precipitation was used to separate vinegar-baked Chaihu（Radix Bupleuri）polysaccharides.The phenol sulfuric acid method was used to determine the molecular weight，and the bicinchoninic acid（BCA）method was used to determine the protein content.The high performance gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the molecular weight，the high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the monosaccharide composition，and the infrared spectrum was used to identify the characteristic groups of polysaccharide.Then，high-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of lamivudine in plasma and tissue at different time points after oral administration of lamivudine and lamivudine+VBCPs.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS2.0 software，and the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue concentrations were compared using SPSS 20.0.

The sugar contents of VBCP-40，VBCP-60，and VBCP-80 were 65.53%，66.42%and 54.86%，respectively.The protein contents were 9.836%，6.214% and 8.744%，respectively.The molecular weight of three polysaccharides decreased with increasing alcohol concentration，and they were all composed of mannose，rhamnose，glucuronic acid，galacturonic acid，glucose，galactose and arabinose，but the proportions varied greatly.The infrared spectrum shows that all of them had typical polysaccharide characteristic peaks.The results of pharmacokinetic study showed that compared with the lamivudine group，the combination group of VBCP-60 and lamivudine significantly increased area under the concentration time curve（AUC_0-9，AUC_0-∞）and C_max，while decreased plasma clearance（CLz/F）.The results of tissue distribution study showed that VBCP-60 and VBCP-80 could increase the concentration of lamivudine in the liver；meanwhile，VBCP-80 could reduce its concentration in the kidneys.

Ethanol fractional precipitation can achieve the preliminary separation and purification of VBCP.VBCP-60 and VBCP-80 can increase the distribution of lamivudine in the liver，the anti-HBV effector organ of lamivudine，so they may be the active fractions for enhancing the efficacy of lamivudine.