Early weaning during the lamb suckling stage combined with supplementation of nutritionally adequate and easily digestible milk replacer powder is an important technical approach to improving lamb growth performance.

In this study, 23 healthy male lambs aged 20 days were randomly divided into three groups: the mother's milk group (naturally suckled by ewes), the commercial milk replacer powder group (fed with commercial milk replacer powder), and the self-formulated milk replacer powder group (fed with self-formulated milk replacer powder).

The weaning weights at 60 days of age in both the self-formulated milk replacer powder group and the commercial milk replacer powder group were significantly higher than that in the mother's milk group (P<0.05). The average daily weight gains during the periods of 50~60 days of age and 20~60 days of age were also significantly higher than those in the mother's milk group (P<0.05).The intake of milk replacer powder in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group was significantly higher than that in the commercial milk replacer powder group at all ages (P<0.05).The diarrhea rate of lambs in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group was 9.13% lower than that in the commercial milk replacer powder group and 5.13% higher than that in the mother's milk group. There were no significant differences in body length and chest circumference among the groups at any stage (P>0.05);however, the body height and cannon circumference of lambs in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group at 40 days of age were significantly higher than those in the commercial milk replacer powder group and the mother's milk group (P<0.05).

Economic benefit analysis showed that the self-formulated milk replacer powder group had the highest economic returns. Supplementation with self-formulated milk replacer powder can significantly improve lamb growth performance, reduce diarrhea rates, meet the nutritional requirements for lamb growth and development, and provide good economic benefits, offering an effective reference for optimizing early weaning techniques in lambs.

This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine compound and western medicine on retained placenta in dairy cows.

A total of 45 healthy adult dairy cows that failed to expel fetal membranes within 6 h after calving were randomly divided into three groups: traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group, western medicine group, and control group, with 15 cows in each group. Cows in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group were administered a compound herbal decoction, cows in the western medicine group received intramuscular injection of cloprostenol sodium, while no treatment was applied in the control group. Placental expulsion time, placental expulsion rate within 48 h, serum IL-6 level, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum biochemical parameters, milk yield during the first postpartum week, and feed intake were determined.

The results showed that the placental expulsion time in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group (8.4 ± 2.1) h was significantly shorter than that in the control group (18.6 ± 3.5) h and was comparable to that in the western medicine group (7.8±2.3) h. The placental expulsion rate within 48 h reached 86.7% in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (46.7%) (P < 0.05). In addition, serum IL-6 level and WBC count were significantly reduced in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group (P < 0.05). Liver function indicators, including ALT, AST, LDH, TP, ALB, and GGT, were also markedly improved compared with the control group. Furthermore, average milk yield and feed intake during the first postpartum week in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group were (146.2 ± 10.5) kg and (18.6 ± 1.7) kg/d, respectively, both significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).

Overall, the results indicate that the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine compound has favorable clinical efficacy in treating retained placenta in dairy cows. It not only effectively promotes placental expulsion, but also improves inflammatory response, metabolic function, and production performance, showing good application prospects. This study provides experimental evidence for the green prevention and control of obstetric diseases in dairy cows.

To establish a multiplex qRT-PCR method for detecting calf diarrhea disease, aiming to simultaneously and rapidly detect multiple pathogens that cause diarrhea in calves.

This study searched for conserved gene sequences of various pathogens causing diarrhea in calves as target genes, designing specific primers and probes, constructing plasmid standards, optimizing primer concentrations and annealing temperatures, and testing their sensitivity, specificity, and clinical sample validation.

A multiplex qRT-PCR method for detecting calf diarrhea disease was successfully established using 103 copies/μL plasmid as the standard.The reaction system consisted are 10 μL 2 × Fast-Start Universal SYBR Green Master, 0.5 μL upstream primer, 0.5 μL downstream primer, 1 μL template, 8 μL sterilized ultrapure water, and a total reaction volume of 20 μL. The reaction conditions are: 95 ℃ for 3 minutes; 94 ℃ for 20 seconds, 56 ℃ for 15 seconds, 72 ℃ for 30 seconds, 36 cycles; 72 ℃ for 5 minutes. The detection sensitivity is 1 copy/μL, and there is no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. The intra-group and inter-group coefficients of variation are both less than 2%. Among 315 clinical fecal samples of diarrheal calves, a total of 248 are detected as positive (78.73%), and 42 are positive for mixed infections (13.33%), which is completely consistent with the positive detection rate of the single PCR detection method.

This study successfully established a multiplex qRT-PCR method capable of simultaneously detecting six pathogens responsible for calf diarrhea. The method exhibits a detection sensitivity of up to 1 copy/μL for plasmid DNA, shows no cross-reactivity with other common pathogens, and achieves a 100% concordance rate with single PCR method in the detection of 315 clinical samples.

In view of the practical difficulties of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms, such as concentrated introduction risk, high transmission efficiency, serious occupational exposure, huge economic losses and complicated prevention and control management, a set of scientific, efficient and comprehensive prevention and control and purification strategies was systematically constructed, which provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for the purification and sustainable development of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms.

Based on the successful experience of prevention and control of Brucellosis at home and abroad, combined with the production characteristics of large-scale dairy goat farms, a comprehensive technical system with biosafety as the core, accurate monitoring and phased purification, public health and personnel protection as the path was put forward by combining epidemiological risk analysis, literature review and case study.

Theoretical analysis and prevention and control practice at home and abroad proved that strictly implementing the trinity strategy of "monitoring-culling-biosafety" could effectively block the transmission chain of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms.Differential diagnosis techniques such as c-ELISA can accurately identify infected individuals.Supplemented by a sufficient compensation mechanism for culling, the farmers' willingness to cooperate will be enhanced. Through the continuous implementation of the purification scheme in stages.the positive rate of serum in sheep can be gradually reduced to zero.and the epidemic-free state can be maintained.and the reproductive performance and milk production level of sheep can be improved.

The prevention and control of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms is a systematic project.and the trinity principle of "monitoring-culling-biosafety" must be adhered to.This strategy is of great guiding significance to promote the purification of industrial diseases and public health security of dairy goats in China.

This study aimed to verify the antibacterial effect and clinical efficacy of Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang against pathogenic bacteria of bovine mastitis.

Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang, consisting of Taraxacum mongolicum, Forsythia suspensa, Akebia quinata, Vaccaria segetalis and Astragalus membranaceus, was prepared into liquid with a crude drug concentration of 1 g/mL by water decoction and concentration. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases were used to assess its in vitro antibacterial activity. Thirty bovines suffering from clinical mastitis were assigned into low, medium and high dose groups, while 10 healthy bovines were set as the control group. Intramammary perfusion was performed twice a day for 7 consecutive days. The clinical efficacy and variations of milk protein indicators were observed.

Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the three pathogenic strains. After 7 days of treatment, the effective rate and cure rate of the high dose group reached 88.2% (15/17) and 82.4% (14/17), respectively. Milk yield of all administration groups was higher than that of the control group. The levels of SA, ALT, AST and LDH in cow whey decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas lactose content barely changed.

Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang had prominent therapeutic effects on clinical bovine mastitis, which provided a safe and effective herbal preparation for the disease treatment.

In response to the problems of traditional portable pH meters in dairy enterprises during raw milk acceptance, production process control, and finished product quality testing, such as the probe being prone to collision damage, inaccurate positioning of the folding and storage mechanism, easy loosening and deviation during use, complex operation, and difficulty in balancing portability and stability, a new type of pH meter integrating a folding storage function and a mechanical self-locking limit structure was designed.

The device mainly consists of a detection host, a storage slot, a folding storage mechanism, a stirrer, a detection probe, and a limit structure. The limit structure forms a linkage system through a push rod, a rack-gear transmission component, a return spring, a screw transmission component, a sliding arm, and a fixing rod, achieving one-key unlocking, automatic reset, and reliable locking functions.

Structural analysis and principle verification show that this design enables the folding storage mechanism to achieve precise positioning after deployment without significant shaking or deviation, and a compact structure after storage that effectively protects the sensing components. The overall operation is simple, the transmission is smooth, the locking is reliable, and it can significantly improve the stability and data repeatability during dairy testing, as well as extend the service life of the equipment.

This portable testing instrument is suitable for typical dairy industry scenarios such as laboratory analysis in dairy enterprises, rapid on-site testing in production, and outdoor sampling on pastures, providing a practical new idea for the structural optimization of portable water quality and physiochemical testing instruments in the dairy industry.

This study aimed to investigate the usage of sodium cyclamate in beverages and flavored fermented milk through market research. The study compared and analyzed the new and old national standards for the determination of sodium cyclamate content using gas chromatography, and summarized the test precautions to provide reference for inspectors.

This study conducted a market survey in Jining District, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, using gas chromatography to determine the sodium cyclamate content.To explore the impact of storage conditions on the stability of sodium cyclamate, the changes in sodium cyclamate content in samples under normal temperature and refrigeration conditions were measured and compared.

Market research has found that about 37% of flavored fermented milk contains sweeteners. Approximately 47% of beverages contained sweeteners, with sodium cyclamate usage accounting for the third. There was no significant difference in the detection results of the new and old national standards. The highest detected value was 0.509 g/kg, and all tested samples were qualified. After 14 days of storage at normal temperature and refrigeration conditions, the detection values of the tested liquid changed slightly, with the maximum coefficient of variation being only 2.13%, and there was no significant difference between the two storage conditions (P>0.05).

The new national standard simplifies the operation steps, shortens the detection time, and reduces the requirements for inspectors, providing a good example for the update of similar standards.The tested liquid can be stored stably for 14 days, and there was no significant difference in storage conditions at normal temperature and refrigeration, providing a reference for the daily detection of sodium cyclamate content in beverages.