To compare the effects of different doses of budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet in the treatment of cough variant asthma (CVA) and the improvement of airway function and inflammatory factors.

Elderly patients with cough variant asthma were randomly divided into group A and group B. Both groups of patients received budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet. Group A was given budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation(Ⅱ), 2 inhalation per time, twice a day; Group B was given budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation, 4 inhalation per time, twice a day; budesonide fumatrol inhalation powder mist for continuous treatment for 6 months, and montelukast sodium tablet 10 mg once a day for at least 3 months. The nighttime cough scores of the two groups were compared before treatment and after treatment. The percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) in the predicted value, the maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF), the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), interleukin-5 (IL-5) and eosinophils were compared between the two groups. The incidence of adverse drug reactions and the recurrence rate within 1 year were compared between the two groups.

A total of 45 cases were enrolled in both the group A and the group B. At 9 months after treatment, the nocturnal cough scores of the group A and the group B were (0.93±0.42) and (0.65±0.29) points, respectively; the percentage of FEV₁ in the predicted value were (97.75±9.67)% and (100.93±11.06)%, respectively; the MMEF values were (2.81±1.04) and (3.08±1.09) L·s^-1, respectively; the FeNO values were (18.94±9.75) and (15.94±7.96) ppb, respectively; the IL-5 levels were (10.88±7.06) and (8.11±5.56) pg·mL^-1, respectively. The above indicators in group B showed statistically significant differences compared to group A (all P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in group A and group B were 8.89% (5 cases/45 cases) and 13.33% (6 cases/45 cases), respectively. The recurrence rates was 15.56% (7 cases/45 cases) and 13.33% (6 cases/45 cases), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the above indicators between group B and group A (all P>0.05).

For elderly patients with CVA, higher dose of budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet can better improve cough symptoms, reduce the level of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory factors, reduce the recurrence rate, and the patients are well tolerated.

To investigate whether O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) interference combined with temozolomide (TMZ) could enhance the therapeutic effect of temozolomide on human drug-resistant melanoma cells A375/TMZ.

A375/TMZ cells were randomly divided into 4 groups, control group (normal culture), MGMTsiRNA group (200 nmol·L^-1 MGMTsiRNA), experimental group (1 600 μmol·L^-1 TMZ) and combined group (transfection of MGMTsiRNA followed by addition of 1 600 μmol·L^-1 TMZ). After 24 h of culture, the proliferation of cells in each group was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 method. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP(cleaved-PARP), DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit(DNA-PKcs) and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) proteins in the cells. The expression and distribution of NF-κB proteins in the cells were detected by immunofluorescence.

Cell inhibition rates of control, MGMTsiRNA, experimental and combined groups were 0, (3.45±1.53)%, (51.24±2.73)% and (70.69±4.48)%; the relative expression levels of PARP protein were 0.45±0.08, 0.47±0.06, 0.33±0.04, 0.14±0.03; the relative expression levels of the cleaved-PARP protein were 0.01±0.02、0.01±0.01、0.18±0.03 and 0.36±0.04; the relative expression levels of DNA-PKcs protein were 0.09±0.03, 0.07±0.02, 0.32±0.02 and 0.39±0.04; the relative expression levels of NF-κB protein were 0.35±0.04, 0.36±0.05, 0.20±0.02 and 0.15±0.02. Compared with experimental group or control group, the differences of above indexes were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the average fluorescence intensity of NF-κB in control group, MGMTsiRNA group, experimental group and combined group were (5.26±1.05)%, (7.58±1.18)%, (10.56±1.99)% and (15.47±2.61)%; and compared with the cells in control group and MGMTsiRNA group, combined group showed NF-κB was significantly increased in the nucleus of tumor cells, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.01).

MGMTsiRNA combined with TMZ further promotes proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of drug-resistant melanoma A375/TMZ cells by TMZ.

To explore the brain damage of SD rats under different time points of hypobaric hypoxia exposure.

A rat high-altitube cerebral edema (HACE) model was constructed by simulating an altitude of 6 000 m in a hypobaric hypoxia animal experimental chamber. Thirty-six SD male rats were randomly divided into the control group and the hypobaric hypoxia exposure 3, 7 and 14 d groups, with 9 rats in each group. Except for the control group, the rats in each group were continuously exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 3, 7, and 14 d. At the end of the modeling period, serum was collected by blood sampling via the abdominal aorta, and brain tissue samples were taken. The wet-to-dry ratio (W/D) of brain tissue was calculated, and the levels of relevant oxidative enzymes in serum and brain tissue were measured. The expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) mRNAs in brain tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

The W/D of brain tissues in the control group and the group exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 3, 7 and 14 d were 4.46±0.12, 4.98±0.16, 5.07±0.18 and 4.95±0.07; the superoxide dismutase contents were (111.86±2.45), (90.73±1.48), (79.64±2.56) and (55.33±1.45) U·g^-1; the glutathione contents were (126.91±5.18), (125.26±1.53), (56.20±2.17) and (122.73±1.78) μg·mL^-1; the malondialdehyde contents were (230.94±2.00), (362.65±3.28), (407.34±3.47) and (237.50±1.59) nmol·g^-1; the relative expression levels of HIF-1α mRNA were 1.00±0, 2.99±0.49, 4.72±0.49 and 1.91±0.28; the relative expression levels of AQP4 mRNA were 1.00±0, 2.62±0.34, 8.38±0.84 and 5.27±0.42, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the above indexes in the 3, 7 and 14 d of hypobaric hypoxia exposure group compared with the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01).

Different time of hypobaric hypoxia exposure can up-regulate the expression of AQPs proteins in HACE rats and cause the disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and the HACE model constructed in the hypobaric hypoxia chamber with 6 000 m intervention for 7 d was more stable.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of dexamethasone injection combined with tranexamic acid injection in the treatment of patients with hyperfibrinolysis caused by bleeding after prostatic hyperplasia.

Patients with hyperfibrinolysis caused by hemorrhage after prostatic hyperplasia were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was given 1 g·d^-1 tranexamic acid intravenously. On the basis of the control group, the treatment group was given dexamethasone 10 mg, intravenous injection, q12 h. Both groups were treated continuously for 5 days. The clinical efficacy, coagulation factor level, quality of life (QOL) score, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), and safety were compared between the two groups.

In the treatment group, 52 cases were enrolled, 2 cases fell off, and finally 50 cases were included in the statistical analysis. In the control group, 51 cases were enrolled, 1 case fell off, and finally 50 cases were included in the statistical analysis. After treatment, the total effective rates of treatment group and control group were 94.00% (47 cases /50 cases) and 72.00% (36 cases /50 cases), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the partial thromboplastin time of treatment group and control group were (35.12±4.38) and (49.14±5.61)s; the prothrombin time were (12.78±1.67) and (16.10±1.94) s; D-dimer levels were (350.42±25.90) and (380.90±37.10) μg·L^-1; QOL scores were (1.16±0.37) and (2.26±0.78) points, IPSS were (4.48±1.22) and (16.12±3.67) points, respectively. The differences of above indexes were statistically significant between two groups (all P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions of two groups were mainly abdominal pain, anemia and headache. The incidences of total adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 6.00% and 16.00%, respectively, without statistical significance (P>0.05).

Dexamethasone injection combined with tranatemylic acid injection has a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with bleeding induced hyperfibrinolytic hyperplasia after prostatic hyperplasia, which can significantly improve the coagulation function of patients, relieve symptoms, without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.