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To explore the effects of apple polyphenols (AP) on lung function and immune imbalance in rats with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) by adjusting the miR-21-5p/SKP2 pathway.
The stable stage of COPD was established by cigarette smoking and endotoxin infusion, and then AECOPD rats were established by nasal infusion of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial solution. They were randomly assigned into the AECOPD group, the AP-25 group, the AP-100 group, the dexamethasone group, the AP-100+NC agomir group, and the AP-100+miR-21-5p agomir group. And rats intervened with normal saline were as the control group. Subsequently, tracheal intubation was performed to measure the peak expiratory and inspiratory flow rates (PEF, PIF), and the ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity in 0.3 seconds (FEV0.3/FVC). Serum was collected to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was recovered, and the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages were determined. Left lung lobe sections were prepared, and lung tissue lesions and scores were observed. The right lung tissue of rats was taken. The proportions of Th17 and Treg cells, the mRNA expression of miR-21-5p and SKP2, and the protein expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), IL-17A, forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), IL-10 and SKP2 in the lung tissue were detected.
The AECOPD group had higher RORγt, IL-17A, miR-21-5p, TNF-α, IL-6, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, Th17 cell proportion, and Th17/Treg than the control group, and had lower Foxp3, IL-10, SKP2 mRNA and protein expression, Treg cell proportion, PEF, PIF, and FEV0.3/FVC than the control group (P<0.05). The AP-25 group, AP-100 group and dexamethasone group had lower RORγt, IL-17A, miR-21-5p, TNF-α, IL-6, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, Th17 cell proportion, and Th17/Treg than the AECOPD group, and had higher Foxp3, IL-10, SKP2 mRNA and protein expression, Treg cell proportion, PEF, PIF, and FEV0.3/FVC than the AECOPD group (P<0.05). In addition, miR-21-5p agomir reversed the protective effect of AP on AECOPD rats.
AP improves lung function and immune imbalance in AECOPD rats by inhibiting the miR-21-5p/SKP2 pathway.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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