To analyze the potential mechanism of naringenin in improving diabetes-related intestinal inflammation.

In cell experiment, STC-1 cells were randomized into blank group, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) group, experimental-L group (AGEs+25 μg·mL^-1 naringenin) and experimental-H group (AGEs+50 μg·mL^-1 naringenin). In animal experiment, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, model group (to construct diabetes-related intestinal injury model), experimental-L group (modeling +25 mg·kg^-1 naringenin), experimental-H group (modeling +75 mg·kg^-1 naringenin) and metformin group (modeling +0.5 g·kg^-1 metformin). STC-1 cell necroptosis was detected using the Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (PI) double staining method. Glycolipid metabolism indicators and pro-inflammatory factor levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (p-MLKL) protein and Occludin protein was assessed by Western blotting.

In cell experiment, PI-positive rates of blank, AGEs, experimental-L and experimental-H groups were (4.36±0.30)%, (19.37±1.58)%, (15.90±1.03)% and (12.85±1.51), respectively; IL-6 levels were (17.74±2.23), (71.46±6.54), (42.39±5.34) and (33.63±1.82) pg·mL^-1, respectively; p-MLKL relative expression levels were 0.39±0.05, 0.83±0.10, 0.74±0.07 and 0.58±0.04, respectively. All indicators showed significant differences between AGEs group and blank group, experimental-L group or experimental-H group and AGEs group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In animal experiment, post-intervention FBG levels of blank control group, model group, experimental-L group, experimental-H group and metformin group were (4.89±0.54), (26.88±1.96), (18.47±1.53), (14.96±1.67) and (13.91±1.16) mmol·L^-1, respectively; TG levels were (0.43±0.06), (1.70±0.15), (1.46±0.14), (1.13±0.10) and (0.81±0.09) mmol·L^-1, respectively; IL-6 levels were (13.59±1.06), (62.02±5.92), (50.19±4.44), (37.78±3.58) and (48.91±8.46) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the relative expression levels of p-MLKL were 0.38±0.05, 1.07±0.13, 0.79±0.08, 0.61±0.05 and 0.80±0.09, respectively; the relative expression levels of Occludin were 0.97±0.07, 0.35±0.04, 0.61±0.05, 0.83±0.07 and 0.43±0.06, respectively. Significant differences were observed between model group and blank control group, experimental-L group or experimental-H group or metformin groups and model group (P<0.05, P<0.01).

Naringenin can improve the function of intestinal endocrine cells and protect against diabetes-related intestinal injury, which may be related to the mechanism of necrotic apoptosis mediated by MLKL.

To establish a colloidal gold immunochromatographic method for the rapid detection of cotinine in urines.

To prepare the colloidal gold-labeled antibody probe, optimization of the pH value and the amount of antibody labeling (COT-Mab) was carried out. Following this, the coating concentrations of the cotinine antibody (COT-BSA) for the test (T) line and the sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) for the control (C) line were also optimized. Subsequently, a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip was assembled. Finally, the sensitivity of the strip was evaluated.

The optimal conditions established for the colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip were as followings, pH value of 6.5, COT-Mab concentration of 10.00 μg·mL^-1, COT-BSA concentration of 0.10 mg·mL^-1, and sheep anti-mouse IgG concentration of 1.00 mg·mL^-1. The visual detection limit and the cut-off value were 0.01 and 0.20 μg·mL^-1, respectively. Within 15 minutes, this method enabled qualitative analysis of cotinine in urines.

The method has good specificity and accuracy, as well as convenient operation and excellent reproducibility, which can be used for on-site detection and rapid initial screening of smokers and non-smokers during drug clinical trials.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of duloxetine hydrochloride enteric-coated capsules combined with Bifidobacterium quadruple live bacteria tablets in patients with depression accompanied by gastrointestinal disorders.

According to the treatment method, patients with depression and gastrointestinal dysfunction were divided into control group and treatment group. The control group took 30 mg duloxetine hydrochloride enteric-coated capsules once a day after breakfast, and adjusted to 60 mg once a day after 1 week. The treatment group was combined with 1.5 g Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets, 3 times a day. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The clinical therapeutic effects, and intestinal microbiota composition of the two groups of patients were compared, and safety evaluation was conducted.

A total of 76 patients were enrolled, 32 patients were included in the control group and 44 patients in the treatment group. After treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 84.09% (37 cases /44 cases), and that of control group was 62.50% (20 cases/32 cases), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the Lactobacillus of treatment group and control group were (7.14±1.14) and (6.54±1.24) lg CFU·g^-1, respectively; Staphylococcus were (3.73±0.73) and (4.12±0.74) lg CFU·g^-1, respectively; Bifidobacterium were (8.39±1.44) and (7.69±1.34) lg CFU·g^-1, respectively; Escherichia coli were (7.08±0.93) and (7.52±0.81) lg CFU·g^-1, respectively; Enterococcus faecalis were (5.95±0.76) and (6.50±0.84) lg CFU·g^-1, respectively. The above indicators of treatment group were compared with those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions in the treatment group mainly included nausea, dry mouth, constipation, insomnia and dizziness. The adverse drug reactions in the control group mainly included palpitations, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, insomnia and dizziness. The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group were 15.91% (7 cases /44 cases) and 40.63% (13 cases /32 cases), respectively, with no statistically significant different (P<0.05).

Duloxetine hydrochloride enteric-coated capsules combined with Bifidobacterium quadruflora live bacteria tablets have a good clinical efficacy in patients with depression accompanied by gastrointestinal disorders. They can improve the intestinal flora of patients and reduce the occurrence of adverse drug reactions.

To provide anticoagulation recommendations and optimize pharmacotherapy for a patient with lower extremity arterial embolism following aortic valve replacement by integrating pharmacogenomics and drug-drug interactions with medication education.

A clinical pharmacist participated in the anticoagulation therapy and medication monitoring for a patient who underwent emergency surgery due to lower extremity arterial embolism after mechanical aortic valve replacement. Based on an analysis of the patient′s individual condition and clinical characteristics, and with reference to guidelines and evidence-based literature, the clinical pharmacist guided the perioperative anticoagulation regimen. Factors influencing the effect of warfarin were also analyzed to optimize its dosage.

The patient′s lower extremity arterial embolism improved, and the patient was discharged with favorable follow-up outcomes.

This case provides a reference for clinical pharmacists in managing anticoagulation therapy for patients with lower extremity arterial embolism after mechanical heart valve replacement.

To evaluate in vitro activity of ceftobiprole against clinical isolated bacteria in recent years in China.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the microbroth dilution method.

A total of 948 clinical isolates collected from nationwide between 2019 to 2020 were studied. Ceftobiprole exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive cocci, the value of MIC₉₀ was 0.5 mg·L^-1 for methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus spp and susceptibility rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 93.1%, which was better than that of ceftaroline (72.3%). The MIC values of ceftobiprole against penicillin nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSSP) ranged from 0.06 to 1 mg·L^-1, with 80.0% susceptibility rate . The values of MIC₉₀ of ceftobiprole were ≤2 mg·L^-1 for other streptococci and Enterococcus faecalis. Against Gram-negative bacteria, ceftobiprole also showed better antibacterial activity against non-extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) Escherichia coli, non-ESBLs Klebsiella pneumoniae, ampicillin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, the values of MIC₉₀ ≤0.5 mg·L^-1 and susceptible strains more than 98.1%. The activity of ceftobiprole against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was similar to that of ceftazidime and cefepime.

Ceftobiprole showed excellent antibacterial activity against clinical isolates, include MRSA, PNSSP, and Haemophilus influenzae in recent years in China, which similar to the surveillance results in Europe and America. The clinical prospect is worthy of expectation.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine injection combined with remifentanil injection and scalp nerve block in patients undergoing craniotomy for aneurysm clipping.

Patients who underwent craniotomy for aneurysm clipping were divided into control group and treatment group according to random number method . All patients were treated with a unified scheme for anesthesia induction, and ultrasound-guided scalp nerve block was performed after induction. During the anesthesia maintenance phase, remifentanil injection (0.1-0.2 μg·kg^-1·min^-1), atracurium besylate injection (0.2 mg·kg^-1·h^-1) and propofol emulsion injection (3-8 mg·kg^-1·h^-1) were continuously pumped into the two groups. And dexmedetomidine injection (0.4 μg·kg^-1·min^-1) was pumped into the treatment group on the basis of control group. The recovery time, extubation time, hemodynamic changes, analgesia and sedation scores, brain injury and emergency response related markers were compared between the two groups, and the safety was evaluated.

A total of 110 cases were enrolled, including 55 in control group and 55 in treatment group. The recovery time of control group and treatment group were (19.73±3.52) and (17.87±2.69) min, respectively; and the extubation time were (21.78±3.83) and (19.33±3.46) min, respectively; the mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 5 minutes after intubation (T1) were (83.67±12.99) and (89.31±14.39) mmHg, respectively; and at nerve block (T2), the MAP were (81.40±13.92) and (86.58±12.18) mmHg, respectively; at 10 minutes after the operation (T5), the MAP were (83.56±12.58) and (89.02±13.48) mmHg, respectively; and the heart rate (HR) at T1 were (65.55±11.39) and (72.42±11.66) beats·min^-1, respectively; the HR at T2 were (63.65±13.54) and (70.15±12.29) beats·min^-1, respectively; at 10 minutes after nerve block (T3), the HR were (64.65±14.26) and (71.13±12.49) beats·min^-1, respectively; when sawing the skull (T4), the HR were (62.44±12.67) and (69.02±13.57) beats·min^-1, respectively; and at T5, the HR were (67.18±10.40) and (74.84±13.77) beats·min^-1, respectively. Compared with control group, the differences of the above indicators of treatment group were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse drug reaction rates in control group and treatment group were 30.91% (17 cases /55 cases) and 14.55% (8 cases /55 cases), respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05).

Dexmedetomidine injection combined with remifentanil injection and scalp nerve block has good clinical efficacy and safety in craniotomy and aneurysm clipping.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of subanesthetic dose of esketamine injection and quadratus lumborum block in elderly patients undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer.

Patients undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer were divided into treatment group and control group according to the anesthesia method. Both groups underwent bilateral quadratus lumborum block under ultrasound guidance. Anesthesia induction was performed with etomidate injection at a dose of 0.1-0.3 mg·kg^-1, sufentanil injection at a dose of 0.3-0.6 μg·kg^-1, midazolam injection at a dose of 0.04-0.06 mg·kg^-1, and cisatracurium injection at a dose of 0.2 mg·kg^-1. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol injectation emulasion 4-8 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, remifentanil for injection 0.15-0.3 μg·kg^-1·min^-1, and dexmedetomidine injection 0.2-1.0 μg·kg^-1·h^-1. The treatment group received a single intravenous injection of 0.25 mg·kg^-1 esketamine injection 5 min before surgery, while the control group received routine anesthesia management without esketamine injection intervention. Both groups received intravenous patient-controlled analgesia postoperatively. Hemodynamics, analgesia and sedation, postoperative opioid consumption, and recovery quality were compared between the two groups, and safety was evaluated.

A total of 108 patients were enrolled, the treatment group included 52 cases and the control group included 56 cases. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) at T₃ in the treatment and control groups were (86.04±6.43) and (83.20±6.80) mmHg, respectively; the heart rate (HR) at T₃ were (76.21±5.56) and (73.96±5.31) beats·min^-1, respectively; the numerical rating scale (NRS) at 12 h postoperatively were (2.04±0.77) and (2.29±0.65) points, respectively; sufentanil consumption were (88.63±11.28) and (94.30±12.22) μg, respectively; the effective pressing times of the analgesia pump within 24 h postoperatively were (5.65±1.17) and (6.23±1.40) times, respectively, and the effective pressing times of the analgesia pump within 24-48 h postoperatively were (7.06±1.51) and (7.89±2.18) times, respectively; the awakening time were (21.25±4.58) and (23.68±4.87) min, respectively, and the length of stay in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were (36.23±6.91) and (40.05±7.42) min, respectively. The differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). The adverse drug reactions in the treatment group were dizziness, nausea and vomiting, while the adverse drug reaction in the control group was skin pruritus. The total incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment and control groups was 3.85% (2 cases/52 cases) and 1.79% (1 case/56 cases), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

The application of subanesthetic dose of esketamine and quadratus lumborum block in elderly patients undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer can effectively reduce postoperative opioid consumption, provide good sedation and analgesia, maintain hemodynamic stability, protect lung function, and improve recovery quality. It has little impact on cognitive function and sleep quality, and has good safety.