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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation resulting from multiple etiological factors. In recent years, changes in lifestyle have contributed to a rising incidence of NAFLD, making it a significant public health concern. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target characteristics, has demonstrated unique advantages and research value in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Polygonum cuspidatum is a representative herbal medicine in this context and has been confirmed to possess various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects. However, its specific active components and mechanisms of action remain incompletely elucidated. Therefore, this article systematically reviews Chinese and English literature on Polygonum cuspidatum and its active components in the treatment of NAFLD. The results indicate that the core active components of Polygonum cuspidatum against NAFLD include resveratrol, polydatin, emodin, among others. The mechanisms involve multiple pathways, such as the regulation of lipid metabolism, improvement of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant stress response, and modulation of gut microbiota. This review aims to provide insights and references for further mechanistic research and clinical application of Polygonum cuspidatum.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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