To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of evolocumab injection combined with rosuvastatin tablets in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

The AMI patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group. The control group was given oral rosuvastatin at an initial dose of 10 mg daily, if the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >1.4 mmol·L^-1, the dose was increased to 20 mg daily. On the basis of control group, the treatment group received evolocumab 140 mg, subcutaneous injection of the abdomen, once every 2 weeks. Two groups were treated for 6 months. The clinical efficacy, myocardial injury markers, lipid metabolism parameters, overall incidence of cardiovascular events and safety were compared between two groups.

Treatment group were enrolled 55 cases, 2 cases dropped out, and 53 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. Control group were enrolled 53 cases, 1 case dropped out, and 52 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. After treatment, the total effective rates of treatment and control groups were 92.45% (49 cases/53 cases) and 78.85% (41 cases / 52 cases), with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin were (2.02±0.61) and (2.78±0.73) ng·L^-1, the levels of creatine kinase-MB were (38.90±6.47) and (50.05±6.15) U·L^-1, the levels of total cholesterol were (2.27±0.15) and (3.15±0.19) mmol·L^-1, the levels of triglycerides were (1.61±0.12) and (1.77±0.17) mmol·L^-1, the levels of LDL-C were (1.25±0.15) and (2.08±0.13) mmol·L^-1, the overall incidences of cardiovascular events were 5.77% and 16.98%, respectively. The differences of above indexes were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions of treatment group were skin rash, elevated creatine kinase and liver injury, while those in the control group were nausea and vomiting, skin rash and liver injury. The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 9.43% and 5.77%, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

Evolocumab injection combined with rosuvastatin tablets has a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with AMI after PCI, which can significantly improve cardiac function, reduce the risk of myocardial injury and cardiovascular events, with good safety.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of omalizumab injection combined with salmeterol ticasone inhalation powder in the treatment of patients with chest tightness variant asthma (CTVA).

Patients with CTVA were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Patients in the control group were given salmeterol ticasone inhalation powder one puff each time, twice a day. Treatment group was given subcutaneous injection of omalizumab injection on the basis of control group, 150-600 mg per time according to symptoms, once every 4 weeks, continuous treatment for 12 weeks. Clinical efficacy, improvement of symptoms, airway resistance and lung function and safety were compared between the two groups.

A total of 10 cases dropped out during the trial, and 49 cases and 48 cases were included in the final control group and treatment group, respectively. After treatment, the total effective rates of the control group and treatment group were 79.59% (39 cases/49 cases) and 93.75% (45 cases/48 cases), respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, the daytime cough scores of the control group and the treatment group were (0.51±0.17) and (0.42±0.13) score, the nighttime cough scores were (0.72±0.20) and (0.54±0.18) score, and the chest tightness scores were (0.44±0.12) and (0.37±0.09) score, forced expiratory volume in one second was (2.44±0.33) and (2.60±0.37) L, peak expiratory flow rates were (4.72±0.45) and (4.95±0.39) L·s^-1, total airway resistance measured value/predicted values were 126.34±10.77 and 121.94±9.28, central airway resistance measured value/predicted values were 86.47±6.20 and 82.16±7.33, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The adverse drug reactions in the treatment group mainly included mild oropharyngeal edema, headache, swelling at the injection site, and epigastric pain, while those in the control group mainly included mild oropharyngeal edema, subjective palpitation, and headache. The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group were 10.42% (5 cases/48 cases) and 8.16% (4 cases/49 cases), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

Omalizumab injection combined with salmeterol ticasone inhalation powder is more effective than monotherapy in the treatment of patients with CTVA, without increasing the incidences of adverse drug reactions.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of ropivacaine for erector spinae plane block (ESPB) combined with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.

Patients with colorectal cancer were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. Before the general anesthesia induction, treatment group received deep injection of 0.375% ropivacaine solution (25 mL) for local anesthesia in the erector spinae plane. Two groups received anesthesia induction with 0.05 mg·kg^-1 midazolam + 0.4 μg·kg^-1 sufentanil + 1.5 mg·kg^-1 propofol + 0.15 mg·kg^-1 cisatracurium, and anesthesia maintenance with 3-4 mg·L^-1 propofol + 0.5-1.0 μg·kg^-1 sufentanil + 0.05-0.10 mg·kg^-1 cisatracurium. The sufentanil dosage, hemodynamics, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Ramsay sedation scores, interleukin (IL)-6 and cortisol levels and safety were compared between two groups.

Treatment group were enrolled 57 cases, 5 cases dropped out, and 52 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. Control group were enrolled 55 cases, 3 cases dropped out, and 52 cases were finally included in the statistical analysis. At extubation, heart rates of treatment and control groups were (89.54±5.41) and (101.98±8.58) beat·min^-1, mean arterial pressures were (83.60±7.48) and (93.12±7.35) mmHg, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Intraoperative sufentanil dosages of treatment and control groups were (16.35±2.54) and (23.77±3.02) μg, VAS scores at 24 h after operation were (2.98±0.42) and (3.67±0.58) points, IL-6 levels at 24 h after operation were (17.92±2.41) and (28.12±3.81) ng·L^-1, cortisol levels at 24 h after operation were (154.88±24.06) and (187.46±27.51) ng·mL^-1, respectively; the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Ramsay scores at 1 and 24 h postoperatively showed no statistically significant differences between and within groups (all P>0.05). The adverse drug reactions of treatment group were block site hematoma, nausea and vomiting, while those in control group were nausea and vomiting, hypotension and delirium. The incidences of total adverse drug reactions in the treatment and control groups were 11.54% and 21.15%, without significant difference (P>0.05).

Ropivacaine ESPB combined with TIVA can help the patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery to maintain stable intraoperative hemodynamics, reduce sufentanil consumption and pain, decrease postoperative inflammatory and stress responses, without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

To explore the mechanism of regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-contain-ning protein 3 (NLRP3) by Tilianin liposomes improved macrophage pyroptosis.

Macrophage pyroptosis model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was established. They were divided into control group, model group, and experimental group (RAW 264.7 macrophages). The experimental group was treated with 5 μg·mL^-1 Tilianin liposomes for 12 hours, while the control group and model group were cultured normally in complete culture medium without medication for 12 hours. Microplate method was used to detect the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the contents of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Detection of ROS content in cells was done by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression levels of NLRP3.

The LDH release levels in the experimental, control and model groups were (568.54±68.04), (556.05±83.31) and (984.41±138.82) U·L^-1; the IL-1β contents were (8.99±2.17), (5.51±0.49) and (38.78±3.33) pg·mL^-1; the IL-18 contents were (35.95±5.24), (20.95±2.36) and (64.14±9.73) pg·mL^-1; the ROS release levels were 4.00±0.48, 0.68±0.50 and 9.58±0.42; the relative expression levels of NLRP3 protein were 2.44±0.46, 1.00±0.10 and 4.76±0.61, respectively. The above indicators in the experimental and control groups were compared with those in the model group, and there were statistically significant differences (all P<0.01).

Tilianin liposomes can reduce endogenous ROS production and improve LPS/ATP induced RAW 264.7 macrophage pyroptosis, which may be related to the regulation of ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MAGI1-IT1 on the proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of breast cancer cells by regulating the miR-485-5p/actin gamma 1 (ACTG1) axis.

HCC1937 cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control, si-MAGI1-IT1, miR-485-5p mimics, negative cotransfection and positive cotransfection groups. Control group was cultured normally without transfection; si-MAGI1-IT1 group was transfected with si-MAGI1-IT1; miR-485-5p mimics group was transfected with miR-485-5p mimics; negative cotransfection group was transfected with si-NC and NC-miR-485-5p; positive cotransfection group was given si-MAGI1-IT1 and miR-485-5p inhibitor combined transfection. Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 method, cell migration was detected by cell scratch assay, cell invasion was detected by Transwell assay, and expression levels of lncRNA MAGI1-IT1, miR-485-5p and ACTG1 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. The expression of proliferation and EMT-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining.

The cell activities (optical density) of the control, si-MAGI1-IT1, miR-485-5p mimics, negative cotransfection and positive cotransfection groups were 0.89±0.12, 0.36±0.05, 0.32±0.03, 0.89±0.10 and 0.85±0.11; the migration rates were (91.82±11.13)%, (38.40±7.64)%, (33.17±6.03)%, (92.43±10.87)% and (86.10±10.76)%; the number of invasions was 296.50±23.48, 93.00±17.36, 76.50±15.01, 302.50±25.32 and 269.00±24.92; the relative expression levels of lncRNA MAGI1-IT1 were 0.98±0.11, 0.29±0.06, 0.96±0.10, 1.00±0.12 and 0.30±0.07; the relative expression levels of miR-485-5p were 0.99±0.13, 2.12±0.16, 2.20±0.18, 0.98±0.15 and 1.04±0.16; the relative expression levels of ACTG1 were 1.01±0.12, 0.34±0.05, 0.31±0.07, 1.02±0.14 and 0.97±0.11; the positive expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (optical density) were 1.65±0.16, 0.53±0.12, 0.45±0.08, 1.64±0.14 and 1.60±0.17; the positive expression levels of Cyclin D1 (optical density) were 1.53±0.15, 0.46±0.11, 0.40±0.06, 1.52±0.14 and 1.48±0.13; the positive expression levels of Vimentin (optical density) were 1.49±0.14, 0.45±0.07, 0.39±0.06, 1.50±0.12 and 1.45±0.13, respectively. The above indexes in the si-MAGI1-IT1 group were compared with the control group, the above indexes in the miR-485-5p mimics group (except lncRNA MAGI1-IT1) were compared with the control group, the above indexes in the positive cotransfection group (except lncRNA MAGI1-IT1) were compared with the si-MAGI1-IT1 group, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).

Knockdown of lncRNA MAGI1-IT1 can reduce the expression of ACTG1 by up-regulating miR-485-5p, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of breast cancer cells.

To investigate the effect of pyrotinib on ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells through the regulation of the tumor protein 53 (p53)/solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) axis by the long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (LncRNA SNHG16).

Human gastric cancer cells (NCI-N87) were selected and divided into NCI-N87 group (NCI-N87 cells were cultured normally without treatment), experimental group (NCI-N87 cells treated with 0.5 μmol·L^-1 pyrotinib for 72 h), and oe-NC group (based on the transfection of oe-NC in experimental group), LncRNA SNHG16 group (based on experimental group transfected with oe-LncRNA SNHG16). Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridisation were used to determine the expression level of LncRNA SNHG16, cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8; invasive ability was detected by Transwell assay; reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence level was detected by fluorescent probe staining of dihydroethidium (DHE); malondialdehyde (MDA) level and glutathione (GSH) activity were detected by kits; and the expression level of p53 and SLC7A11 protein was detected by Western blot.

The relative expression levels of LncRNA SNHG16 in the NCI-N87 group, the experimental group, the oe-NC group and the LncRNA SNHG16 group were 1.00±0.18, 0.39±0.06, 0.41±0.07 and 0.80±0.15, respectively; the relative fluorescence intensities of LncRNA SNHG16 were 1.00±0.16, 0.27±0.05, 0.23±0.04 and 0.81±0.17, respectively; the number of cell invasion was (82.16±14.67), (29.03±4.75), (31.82±5.69) and (74.98±11.34) pieces, respectively; the relative fluorescence levels of ROS were 1.00±0.15, 4.57±0.86, 3.95±0.61 and 1.54±0.33, respectively; MDA levels were (5.49±1.08), (11.27±1.93), (10.85±1.64) and (6.73±0.95) μmol·mg^-1, respectively; GSH relative activities were 1.00±0.00, 0.54±0.09, 0.56±0.07 and 0.83±0.14, respectively; the relative expression levels of p53 protein were 1.00±0.17, 2.26±0.38, 1.98±0.32 and 1.24±0.19, respectively; the relative expression levels of SLC7A11 protein were 1.00±0.13, 0.34±0.05, 0.41±0.09 and 0.79±0.11, respectively. The differences in the above indicators between the NCI-N87 group and the experimental group, as well as between the oe-NC group and the LncRNA SNHG16 group, were all statistically significant (P<0.001).

Pyrotinib can regulate the p53/SLC7A11 signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of LncRNA SNHG16 to induce ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells and inhibit the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

To investigate the effects of etomidate on the expression of mammalian sirolimus like target protein (mTOR)/silencing information regulatory factor 1 (SIRT1) gene to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of bladder cancer BIU-87 cells.

The BIU-87 cells were divided into normal group, positive control group and experimental -L, -M, -H groups. The normal group was given normal culture; the positive control group was treated with MEM medium containing paclitaxel at a final concentration of 15 mg·mL^-1; the experimental -L, -M, -H groups were treated with MEM medium containing etomidate at final concentrations of 112.50, 225.00 and 450.00 mg·L^-1, respectively. After 24 hours of intervention, the migration ability of cells was detected using the cell scratching method, the invasion ability of cells was detected using the Transwell method, the levels of glucose and lactate in cells were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression levels of mTOR, SIRT1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) proteins were detected using Western blotting.

The number of invasive cells in the experimental -M, -H groups, positive control group and normal group was 248.56±5.67, 117.37±16.72, 76.54±8.23 and 376.40±53.41; the migration distances were (22.30±2.89), (13.67±5.46), (8.63±2.07) and (38.24±5.24) μm; the glucose levels were (38.97±2.43), (29.75±3.58), (21.52±4.20) and (64.26±7.26) μmol·L^-1; the lactate levels were (37.36±3.29), (20.32±5.67), (14.76±2.37) and (51.52±3.10) μmol·L^-1; the phosphorylated mTOR/mTOR ratios were 0.26±0.05, 0.20±0.04, 0.15±0.03 and 0.47±0.07; the relative expression levels of SIRT1 protein were 0.23±0.01, 0.18±0.02, 0.09±0.02 and 0.72±0.13; the relative expression levels of MMP-9 protein were 0.19±0.05, 0.14±0.01, 0.10±0.01 and 0.28±0.04, respectively. Compared with positive control group and normal group, the differences of above indexes in experimental -M, -H groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05).

Etomidate can effectively inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of BIU-87 cells by suppressing the expression of mTOR/SIRT1.

To explore the therapeutic effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) mice and its mechanism of action.

Mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and experimental -L, -M, -H groups, with 20 mice per group. The control group was raised normally, and the other groups were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infection to establish an AECOPD mouse model. Starting from the 12th week of CS exposure, experimental -L, -M, -H groups were administered 25, 50 and 100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 HSYA by gavage, and control and model groups were given 0.9% NaCl by gavage. Five groups were administered once a day for 2 weeks. The functional residual capacity (FRC) of the mice was measured using the Buxco lung function test system. The percentage of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured using flow cytometry. The expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) in lung tissues were detected by Western blot.

The FRC of experimental -M, -H groups, model group and control group were (0.31±0.01), (0.27±0.01), (0.37±0.02) and (0.25±0.01) L; the neutrophil percentages were (37.96±2.88)%, (28.41±1.64)%, (60.27±2.12)% and (11.33±0.31)%; the phosphorylated PI3K/PI3K ratios were 1.59±0.08, 1.30±0.06, 2.28±0.08 and 1.00±0.06; the phosphorylated Akt/Akt ratios were 1.33±0.11, 1.15±0.03, 1.76±0.11 and 1.00±0.06, respectively. Compared with model group, the differences of above indexes in experimental -M, -H groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05).

HSYA may reduce neutrophil activity by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby inhibiting inflammatory responses and alleviating lung injury.

To explore the mechanism of prasugrel (PRAS) in alleviating oxidative stress of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) by inducing pyroptosis of rat cardiomyocytes based on nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) signaling pathway.

SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (only the heart was exposed, no IR model was constructed, and the same amount of normal saline was injected into the stomach), model group (IR rat model was constructed, and the stomach was given an equal amount of 0.9% NaCl), the experimental-L group (model group rats were intragastric with 5 mg·kg^-1 PRAS), the experimental-M group (model group rats were intragastric with 10 mg·kg^-1 PRAS), and experimental-H group (model group rats were intragastric with 15 mg·kg^-1 PRAS). The serum levels of myocardial injury markers and oxidative stress factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins and Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway-related proteins in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blot.

The contents of cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ) in sham operation group, model group, experimental-L group, experimental-M group and experimental-H group were (264.52±39.04), (558.40±101.68), (477.65±64.33), (429.71±75.94) and (313.84±52.26) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels were (0.68±0.11), (2.76±0.45), (1.92±0.27), (1.53±0.23) and (1.11±0.19) U·L^-1, respectively; the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were (4.05±0.68), (10.12±1.74), (8.44±1.26), (6.79±1.05) and (5.47±1.02) nmol·L^-1, respectively; the relative expression levels of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) were 1.00±0.14, 2.16±0.32, 1.72±0.25, 1.54±0.28 and 1.28±0.21, respectively; the relative expression levels of Nrf2 were 1.00±0.15, 0.32±0.04, 0.39±0.05, 0.61±0.10 and 0.80±0.13, respectively. The above indexes of model group were compared with those of sham-operation group, and those of experimental-L, experimental-M and experimental-H groups were compared with those of model group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001).

PRAS may resist oxidative stress and reduce pyroptosis and apoptosis of myocardial cells by activating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating IR injury and protecting cardiac function.

To study the effects of carbocisteine on airway inflammation and airway remodeling in mice with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and its mechanism.

Mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, experimental group, negative transfection group and positive transfection group, with 12 mice in each group. The control group were inoculated with 0.9% NaCl by nasal drip, the other groups were inoculated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae suspension to establish Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia model. After successful modeling, the experimental group was given 10 mg·kg^-1 carbocisteine by intragastric administration; the negative transfection group was given 10 mg·kg^-1 carbocisteine by gavage + 1.0×10⁹ PFU of adenovirus containing tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) blank control plasmid in the tail vein, the positive transfection group was given 10 mg·kg^-1 carbocisteine by intragastrial + 1.0×10⁹ PFU containing sh-TIPE2 plasmid was injected into the tail vein, the control and model groups were given 0.9% NaCl by intragastric administration. Five groups were treated for 2 weeks with once a day. The levels of inflammatory factors in lung tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Airway remodeling index and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) /activated protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway related protein expression were detected by Western blot.

The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in control, model, experimental, negative transfection and positive transfection groups were (9.18±1.92), (134.32±24.56), (42.20±8.61), (39.95±7.77) and (74.03±13.59) pg·mL^-1; the levels of interleukin-6 were (5.80±1.21), (65.12±11.81), (22.94±4.47), (26.11±5.08) and (42.67±7.97) pg·mL^-1; the relative protein expression levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9 were 1.00±0.16, 3.64±0.62, 1.45±0.22, 1.39±0.20 and 2.16±0.38; the relative protein expression levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 were 1.00±0.14, 0.52±0.11, 0.89±0.16, 0.84±0.15 and 0.65±0.13; the phospho-p38MAPK/p38MAPK ratios were 1.00±0.16, 2.74±0.48, 1.57±0.29, 1.54±0.27 and 2.31±0.36; the relative protein expression levels of cellular proto-oncogene Jun were 1.00±0.14, 2.25±0.38, 1.34±0.21, 1.37±0.22 and 1.98±0.32; the relative protein expression levels of cellular proto-oncogene Fos were 1.00±0.18, 3.07±0.56, 1.86±0.32, 1.91±0.35 and 2.51±0.44, respectively. The above indexes in the model group were compared with the experimental and control groups, the above indexes in the positive transfection group were compared with the negative transfection group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).

Carbocisteine inhibits airway inflammation and airway remodeling in mice with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia by inhibiting the p38MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway.

To establish an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) characterized by kidney deficiency and blood stasis, and to evaluate its efficacy.

SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, PCOS group, model group and formula counter-evidence group, with 10 rats in each group. The normal group was given 1 mg·kg^-1 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose daily by intragastric administration; PCOS group was given 1 mg·kg^-1 letrozole daily by intragastric administration; on the basis of PCOS group, the model group was injected subcutaneously with 0.6 mg·kg^-1 epinephrine hydrochloride solution daily for 2 weeks from day 21. On the basis of the model group, the formula counter-evidence group was given 12.51 g·kg^-1 Zhu’s Tiaojing decoction daily for 2 weeks from the 21st day. After 35 days of intervention, the indexes of ovarian index, testosterone, vitamin D and whole blood low shear rate were compared.

The ovarian indexes of normal, PCOS, model and formula counter-evidence groups were (6.39±0.58)×10^-4, (5.32±0.71)×10^-4, (5.05±0.29)×10^-4 and (8.17±0.65)×10^-4; testosterone concentrations were (7.10±0.97), (9.22±0.43), (9.06±1.21) and (7.73±0.76) nmol·L^-1; vitamin D levels were (1 850.98±227.95), (986.10±152.50), (1 220.67±64.35) and (1 598.20±294.75) pg·mL^-1; whole blood low shear rates were (13.00±1.79), (13.37±0.54), (16.38±1.51) and (11.43±2.77) mPa·s, respectively. The above indexes in the model group were statistically significant compared with the formula counter-evidence group and the normal group (all P<0.05).

Letrozole combined with epinephrine hydrochloride can stably replicate the PCOS rat model with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.

To observe the protective effect of resveratrol on kidney of diabetic rats through lipid metabolism pathway.

The SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and experimental -L, -M, -H groups. The control group was fed with normal feed, while the other four groups were all based on high-fat and high-sugar feed feeding + intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish diabetic rat models. After successful modeling, the control group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline, while the experimental-L, -M, -H groups were given 5, 25, 50 mg·kg^-1 concentration of resveratrol once a day, and were given continuous gavage for 10 weeks. Kidney function levels [cystatin C (Cys-C), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN)]were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of peroxissome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid- binding protein (FABP1), peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX) 2 and ACOX1 were detected by Western blot.

The Cys-C levels of experimental -M, -H groups, control group, model group were (1.85±0.15), (1.39±0.11), (0.78±0.11) and (2.42±0.32) mg·L^-1; SCr levels were (55.74±7.02), (48.15±6.97), (32.41±4.22) and (68.15±8.48) μmol·L^-1; BUN levels were (10.37±1.02), (9.41±0.87), (7.12±1.12) and (14.48±2.45) mmol·L^-1; the relative expression levels of PPARγ protein were 0.74±0.08, 0.92±0.10, 1.22±0.15 and 0.39±0.05; the relative expression levels of FABP1 protein were 0.64±0.08, 0.81±0.07, 0.98±0.09 and 0.30±0.05; the relative expression levels of ACOX2 protein were 0.59±0.06, 0.72±0.07, 0.85±0.13 and 0.27±0.05; the relative expression levels of ACOX1 protein were 0.58±0.06, 0.67±0.05, 0.78±0.06 and 0.24±0.03. The differences of above indexes were statistically significant between the experimental-M, -H groups and control group and the model group (all P<0.05).

Resveratrol may play a protective role on kidney of diabetic rats by regulating lipid metabolism pathway.

To investigate the effects of Tonglagat-5, a Mongolian drug, on bone microstructure and bone metabolism in osteoporotic mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms of action based on phosphatase and tensin homologue-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Osteoporotic mouse model was established by ovariectomy (OVX). Osteoporotic model mice were randomly divided into model group (equal volume 0.9% NaCl by gavage), control group (estradiol valerate 1 mg·kg^-1 by gavage), experimental group (0.05 g·kg^-1 Tonglagat-5 solution by gavage) and combined group (0.05 g·kg^-1 Tonglagat-5 solution by gavage + 50 mg·kg^-1 Mdivi-1 by intraperitoneal injection), with 10 mice per group; ten mice were randomly selected as the sham-operation group. After 10 consecutive weeks of treatment, the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by Micor-CT assay, the bone metabolism marker assay [C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen (CTx-Ⅰ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone Gla-protein (BGP)] were detected by kit, and the protein expression levels of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (Tomm20), p62, PINK1 and Parkin were performed by Western blot.

The BMD in the sham-operation, model, control, experimental and combined groups were (0.23±0.02), (0.09±0.01), (0.22±0.03), (0.23±0.01) and (0.11±0.02) g·mm^-3; the levels of CTx-Ⅰ were (14.58±1.22), (26.62±2.04), (16.44±2.31), (12.31±1.98) and (22.76±2.52) ng·mL^-1; the levels of ALP were (4.87±1.12), (1.41±1.10), (3.03±1.07), (4.44±1.15) and (2.05±1.41) U·L^-1; the levels of BGP were (9.35±1.06), (5.28±0.84), (7.76±0.35), (8.34±0.87) and (6.12±0.81) ng·mL^-1; the relative expression levels of Tomm20 protein were 0.93±0.08, 0.10±0.01, 0.37±0.03, 0.84±0.06 and 0.28±0.03; the relative expression levels of p62 protein were 0.15±0.02, 0.93±0.09, 0.65±0.06, 0.37±0.04 and 0.86±0.06; the relative expression levels of PINK1 protein were 0.87±0.09, 0.14±0.02, 0.32±0.03, 0.69±0.06 and 0.26±0.03; the relative expression levels of Parkin protein were 0.79±0.08, 0.12±0.02, 0.26±0.04, 0.58±0.05 and 0.23±0.03, respectively. The above indexes in model group were compared those in sham-operation, control and experimental groups, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).

Tonglagat-5 is able to improve bone microstructure and bone metabolism and reduce bone loss in OVX mice, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy to exert osteoprotective effects.

To investigate the protective effect of icariin on recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) mice and its potential mechanism.

Female CBA/J mice were randomly divided into control group (mated with male BALB/c mice), model group (modeling mating with male DBA/2 mice), experimental-L group (after modeling, 25.00 mg·kg^-1 icariin was given by intragastric administration), experimental-H group (50.00 mg·kg^-1 icariin was given by intragastric administration after modeling), positive group (2.6 mg·kg^-1 desdrogesterone was given by intragastream after modeling), uterine tissue was collected after 14 days of treatment for follow-up experiments. Embryo absorption rate was observed and recorded. The levels of interleukin (IL) -4 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of Foxp3 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and phosphorylated nuclear transcription factor-κB (p-NF-κB) protein.

The absorption rates of mouse embryos in control group, model group, experimental-L group, experimental-H group and positive group were 7.37% (7 cases/95 cases), 37.33% (28 cases/75 cases), 20.93% (18 cases/86 cases), 13.79% (12 cases/87 cases) and 12.22% (11 cases/90 cases), respectively; IL-4 expression levels were (33.84±5.71), (10.71±2.34), (16.86±1.13), (26.91±3.04) and (19.56±1.79) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the expression levels of IFN-γ were (25.97±1.40), (63.38±5.39), (47.23±6.78) (34.80±4.08) and (29.61±3.25) pg·mL^-1, respectively; the relative expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA were 1.00±0.07, 0.57±0.05, 0.72±0.06, 0.90±0.05 and 0.66±0.06, respectively; the relative expression levels of TLR4 mRNA were 1.00±0.10, 2.32±0.17, 1.78±0.14, 1.40±0.08 and 2.05±0.26, respectively; the relative expression levels of TLR4 protein were 0.31±0.05, 0.90±0.11, 0.68±0.05, 0.55±0.05 and 0.79±0.10, respectively; the relative expression levels of p-NF-κB protein were 0.27±0.02, 0.82±0.13, 0.66±0.04, 0.42±0.05 and 0.75±0.09, respectively. The above indicators in the model group compared with the control group, the experimental-L and experimental-H groups were compared with the model group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).

Icariin may play a protective role in improving RSA immune response by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

To explore the effects of essential oil of Ligusticum chuanxiong (LCEO) on primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and preliminarily its mechanism of action.

Forty-eight female non-pregnant KM mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive control group and experimental -L, -M, -H groups. Except for the blank group, the remaining groups were gavaged with estradiol valerate to establish the PD mouse model. Starting from the 7th day, the blank group and the model group were gavaged with equal volumes of distilled water in the morning, the positive control group was administered 120 mg·kg^-1 of ibuprofen solution by gastric lavage, while the low, medium, and high dose experimental groups were gavaged with 22, 44 and 88 mg·kg^-1 of LCEO, respectively, for 5 consecutive days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) in mice uterine. Using the oxytocin-induced rat isolated uterine contraction model, the study explored the mechanism of LCEO in relaxing uterine smooth muscle through preincubation with different blocking agents (Indomethacin, phentolamine mesylate, propranolol hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, ranitidine hydrochloride and nifedipine).

The OT contents in the blank group, model group, positive control group and experimental -L, -M, -H groups were (3.57±0.81), (5.54±0.60), (4.63±0.75), (4.15±0.76), (4.04±1.19) and (3.67±0.66) pg·mg^-1; the PGF_2α contents were (1.22±0.38), (2.53±0.45), (1.84±0.52), (1.30±0.31), (1.21±0.35) and (0.48±0.15) pg·mg^-1, respectively. The above indexes in the model group were compared with the experimental -L, -M, -H and blank, positive control groups, there were statistically significant differences in all comparisons (P<0.01, P<0.05). After preincubation with indomethacin, phentolamine mesylate, and atropine sulfate, the relaxant effect on uterine smooth muscle of LCEO was significantly weakened. After preincubation with propranolol hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, ranitidine hydrochloride and nifedipine, the relaxant effect on uterine smooth muscle of LCEO did not show any significant changes.

LCEO has a significant effect on primary dysmenorrhea, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting cyclooxygenase and blocking receptors α and M.

To investigate the effect of Acorus calamus L. on wound healing of radioactive skin injury in rats based on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

A rat model of radioactive skin injury was induced by the radionuclide irradiation, the successful model rats were randomly divided into the model group, the control group, and the experimental -H, -M, -L groups with 12 rats in each group, and another 12 normal rats were taken as the normal group. Experimental-H, -M, -L goups was applied with Acorus calamus L. 600, 400, 200 g·kg^-1, respectively. Control group was applied with triethanolamine cream 400 g·kg^-1 on rat wounds; normal and model groups were treated with 0.9% NaCl. Six groups were treated once a day for 45 days. The healing rate of wounds was compared among the six groups. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and hydroxyproline (HYP) in wound tissue were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and nuclear factor κB p65 subunit (p65) were detected by Western blot.

The wound healing rates of experimental-H, -M, -L groups, control group and model group were (70.24±3.17)%, (62.41±4.52)%, (49.89±4.61)%, (50.35±2.44)% and (29.42±4.23)%, respectively. The levels of IL-1β in experimental-H, -M, -L groups, control group, model group and normal group were (41.22±2.98), (52.35±1.69), (61.32±2.74), (45.26±3.12), (79.24±5.64) and (28.85±2.11) pg·L^-1; the levels of IL-6 were (25.68±1.65), (32.55±2.64), (51.23±2.34), (32.32±1.56), (61.12±2.35) and (18.88±1.12) pg·L^-1; the levels of TNF-α were (62.38±5.66), (73.56±4.52), (88.63±5.68), (68.33±4.32), (112.48±6.52) and (55.21±3.89) pg·L^-1; the levels of HYPs of (3.77±0.41), (3.51±0.26), (2.98±0.39), (3.62±0.37), (2.21±0.48) and (4.22±0.55) μg·mg^-1; the relative expression levels of IL-1β were 0.31±0.04, 0.43±0.07, 0.60±0.03, 0.51±0.04, 0.69±0.06 and 0.11±0.07; the relative expression levels of IL-6 were 0.50±0.03, 0.60±0.04, 0.69±0.04, 0.62±0.07, 0.83±0.08 and 0.28±0.06; the relative expression levels of TNF-α were 0.49±0.06, 0.61±0.03, 0.73±0.06, 0.59±0.04, 0.83±0.05 and 0.28±0.04; the phosphorylated p38/p38 ratios were 0.46±0.06, 0.56±0.04, 0.67±0.03, 0.56±0.05, 0.84±0.04 and 0.34±0.08; the phosphorylated p65/p65 ratios were 0.37±0.06, 0.54±0.03, 0.63±0.04, 0.47±0.05, 0.79±0.04, and 0.32±0.06, respectively. Compared with model group, the above indexes in the experimental-H, -M groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05).

Acorus calamus L. can promote the healing of radioactive skin injury in rats, inhibit the inflammation level of the wound tissue, and promote collagen deposition, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

To analyze the antimicrobial sensitivity against clinical isolates in the first affiliated hospital of air force medical university in the past three years.

The nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected in 2021—2023, identification and drug sensitivity test were performed by using VITEK2-compact automatic bacteria identification system. The data was analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2023 breakpoints.

A total of 20 536 clinical isolates were collected, of which 28.78% were gram-positive, 58.64% were gram-negative, 11.94% were fungi and 0.64% were anaerobe. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were 49.11% and 73.06%, respectively. No Staphylococcus resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, or tigecycline was detected. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to most antimicrobial agents were much higher than Enterococcus faecalis. 8 strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were isolated, and a few linezolid-resistant strains were identiffed in both species. The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP) was 95.85%. The resistance rate to carbapenems was 0.2% to 12.8% in Enterobacterales species, and the detection rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) was 6.6%, with Klebsiella pneumoniae accounting for 66.53%. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp to imipenem and meropenem were 75.3% and 76.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 22.9% and 19.9% respectively.

The antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates in our hospital is still serious. All relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring of bacterial resistance in order to curb the development and spread of bacterial resistance.

To study the bioequivalence of two formulations of haloperidol tablets in healthy Chinese subjects.

The randomized, open, single dose, two periods, crossover study design was adopted in the study. Twenty-eight healthy subjects were enrolled under fasting condition and given either test preparation or reference preparation 2 mg respectively in one period. After collecting plasma samples, the plasma concentrations of haloperidol were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 8.0 and the bioequivalence was evaluated using the average bioequivalence (ABE) method.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of haloperidol of the test preparation or reference preparation were as follow: C_max were (719.50±378.43) and (703.43±329.63) pg·mL^-1, AUC_0-t were (1.94×10⁴±6 766.21) and (1.94×10⁴±6 522.79) pg·h·mL^-1, AUC_0-∞ were (2.31×10⁴±7 693.66) and (2.30×10⁴±7 309.97) pg·h·mL^-1. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) were 92.46%-114.76%, 96.70%-108.15%, 96.36%-111.34% for C_max, AUC_0-t and AUC_0-∞, respectively, which were within the acceptance criteria of 80.00%-125.00%.

The two preparations of haloperidol tablets were bioequivalent in Chinese healthy subjects.

To develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantifying 16 bioactive constituents of Gardenia jasminoides Eills in various murine tissues.

The ileum, colon, stomach, liver, kidney and brain tissues of mice were collected following intragastric administration of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Subsequently, the samples were processed by precipitating protein. The analysis was performed using the Waters CORTECS C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×150.0 mm, 2.7 μm) with mobile phase gradient elution consisting of a methanol-water solution, and specnuezhenide was used as the internal standard; the flow rate was set at 0.4 mL·min^-1 while maintaining a column temperature of 40 ℃; detection was performed in negative ion mode utilizing an electrospray ion source. Furthermore, the method was evaluated for its specificity, standard curve and lower limit of quantification, precision and recovery, stability and reproducibility. Additionally, the tissue distribution characteristics of the active components of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in mice were investigated.

This study established a method for the analysis of 16 bioactive constituents in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis within complex matrices. The linear range spanned from 0.98 to 6.00×10⁴ ng·mL^-1, with a limit of quantitation ranging from 0.92 to 11.72 ng·mL^-1, and the RSD values for intra-day and inter-day precision as well as recovery were all below 15%. Amongst the examined tissues, ileum tissue exhibited the highest levels of these active components, followed by gastric tissue. Iridoid components demonstrated extensive distribution across various tissues. The diterpenoid constituent crocetin was predominantly found in the liver and brain, while crocin Ⅱ showed higher distribution in the colon.

The method exhibits high specificity, excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability. Moreover, the matrix effect can be controlled effectively, rendering it suitable for analyzing Gardenia jasminoides Ellis in complex matrices. The intestine is the major tissue for the distribution of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which may be an important part for its efficacy. Furthermore, the extensive pharmacological effects of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis may be related to the component tendency to different tissues.

To establish a pharmacodynamic model of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in order to evaluate the efficacy characteristics of the drugs.

A model-based meta-analysis was used. By searching randomized controlled trials of SGLT-2i monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in databases, the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline was used as the efficacy indicator. The pharmacodynamic models of SGLT-2i and placebo were constructed, and the covariates were screened to determine the factors affecting the drug’s efficacy.

A total of 39 studies were included, involving 96 trial groups, 8 534 participants, and 13 drugs (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin, ertuglilfozin, enavogliflozin, henagliflozin, licogliflozin, sotagliflozin, bexagliflozin, janagliflozin and tofogliflozin). The time-effect relationships of the drug group and the placebo group were consistent with the E_max model, and fasting plasma glucose baseline had an effect on the pharmacodynamic parameters of SGLT-2i.

The final model can describe the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug and placebo groups, and there is a significant association between FPB baseline and drug efficacy.

To analyze iron death genes and related pathogenesis in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) based on bioinformatics, and to screen potential traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active ingredients for treating CTEPH through iron death related pathways.

The differentially expressed genes in dataset GSE130391 were analyzed by R language, and the genes related to iron death were obtained from FerrDB database. The intersection of the two genes was selected, and the intersection genes were enriched by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO). The intersection genes were analyzed by random forest algorithm, and the key genes were obtained. The immune infiltration analysis of GSE130391 was performed by cibesort algorithm. Potential TCM active ingredients were screened by cMAP database, and the binding stability and affinity of TCM active ingredients and key targets were analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation.

A total of 878 DEGs were obtained, 264 iron death related genes and 14 intersection genes were obtained from FerrDB database. There were 630 items in GO enrichment analysis, and 13 pathways were enriched by KEGG. Three key genes were obtained by random forest algorithm. Immunoinfiltration analysis showed that dendritic cells and mast cells were inhibited in CTEPH group, and immunoinfiltration correlation showed that mast cells were strongly correlated with M1 macrophages, M1 macrophages were strongly correlated with T cells, and the key gene arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase 12R type (ALOX12B) was positively correlated with M2 macrophages. Cytokine signal transduction inhibitor 1 (SOCS1) was negatively correlated with M2-type macrophages. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine were ononanthine and rotensin screened in cMAP database. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis showed that rotensin and ALOX12B had stable binding energy and strong affinity.

The therapeutic targets related to iron death in CTEPH are found by bioinformatics method and the active components of Chinese medicine that can be targeted for intervention are screened.