According to the theory of life course, family environmental factors in early life have influence on individual health. The objective is to understand the influence and importance of family environmental factors in early life and other factors in adulthood on self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly, so as to provide reference for active aging and healthy aging.

The demographic data, social support, and early family environmental factors of people over 45 years old from Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data in 2021 were collected. Chi-square test, binary Logistic regression, and random forest model were used to analyze the influencing factors and importance of self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Among the 4 311 subjects, 2 427 were unhealthy and 1 884 were healthy. The regression results showed that the middle-aged and elderly people aged 79 and over, working in agriculture, not working, never engaging in social and recreational activities, middle-and lower-middle-level socioeconomic status, and fathers with college education or above had a higher rate of self-rated unhealth (P < 0.05). The self-rated unhealthy rate of the middle-aged and elderly with normal and overweight, non-depression, average family economic level and higher than the average level of BMI was lower (P < 0.05). The order of influencing factors was depression (73.717), family economic level (55.361), nature of work (47.074), personal socio-economic status (42.177), BMI (38.952), age (28.842), frequency of social and recreational activities (28.270), and father’s education level (22.319).

There are many factors affecting the self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly in China. Depression, family economic level, and the nature of work are important factors affecting the self-rated health of the middle-aged and elderly in China. Attention should be paid to special groups such as depression, low income, perennial farming, and out of work.

To investigate the status and distribution characteristics of microbial pollution on the surface of indoor air and public facilities at a metro station of a city in the central south China.

The total number of bacteria and fungi in the air and those of bacteria, fungi, coliform, and Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of key public facilities were sampled and detected. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors.

The median of the total number of bacteria and fungi in the indoor air of metro station was 194.35 and 346.29 CFU/m³, respectively, the median of the total number of bacteria and fungi on the surface was 15.00CFU/25cm² and 0.00CFU/50cm², and the positive rates of coliform group and Staphylococcus aureus were 2.22% and 11.11%, respectively. There were differences in the temporal and spatial distribution of microorganisms in the indoor air of the metro: the total number of bacteria in the station hall was the highest and the total number of fungi in the platform was the highest; the total number of bacteria was the highest in the early peak period and the highest in the evening peak period. The total number of bacteria and fungi on the surface of the ticket inspection machine was higher than that of other public facilities, the total number of fungi on the surface of public facilities at noon was lower than that in the evening peak period, and the positive rate of coliform group was lower than that in the morning peak period. The total number of bacteria in the indoor air of subway station was negatively correlated with temperature (β=-0.06,95%CI: -0.11 to -0.01) and wind speed (β=-0.28, 95%CI: -0.55 to -0.01). The total number of air fungi was positively correlated with relative humidity (β=0.01, 95%CI: 0.00 to 0.02) and negatively correlated with PM_2.5 (β=-0.01, 95%CI: -0.02 to-0.01). There was a negative correlation between the total number of bacteria on the surface and PM_2.5 (β=-0.04, 95%CI: -0.07 to -0.02).

The level of microorganisms in indoor environment of three metro stations in a city in the central south China is low, and the surface of public facilities is contaminated by pathogenic bacteria. The distribution of bacterial and fungal concentrations in metro stations vary among regions and time periods, which is related to temperature, humidity, wind speed, and PM_2.5.

To analyze the changing trend of disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide references for the formulation of prevention and control strategies for senile dementia in China.

The data of death number, mortality rate, disability adjusted life years (DALY) number and DALY rate of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the global disease burden database, and the estimated annual percentage of change (EAPC) was used to analyze the change trend in terms of sex, age and exposure rate.

From 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China showed an upward trend. The burden of women was higher than that of men, and the latter had the fatest increase. The mortality rate and DALY rate increased with the increase of age, with the fastest increase in males aged 60 to 70 years and females aged 60 to 75 years, respectively.Males had larger EAPC than females in the same age group. From 1990 to 2019, the DALY loss of senile dementia caused by high BMI had the fatest increase, and the standardized (summary exposure value) SEV rate of high BMI increased rapidly (EAPC=3.67%, P < 0.001).

From 1990 to 2019, the burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI in China became heavier. With the increase of aging and obesity rate, the burden of senile dementia attributed to high BMI is expected to continue to increase rapidly without no sustained and effective intervention.

To evaluate the service effect of health education institutions in China, identify the existing problems, and put forward feasible solutions.

The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Rank-sum ratio (RSR) were used to evaluate the service effect of health education institutions in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government).

In total 14 indicators for evaluating the service effectiveness of health education institutions were selected in the study. Among them, the top two index with the largest weight were the number of people covered by short messages and the number of audio and video products, while the last two were the number of host websites and the number of programs by co-operating with TV stations. The evaluation of entropy weight TOPSIS method showed that the Ci value of each region was between 0.022 and 0.665. The evaluation results of RSR method showed that the number of areas where the service effect of health education institutions was poor, average, good, and excellent were 2,13, 13, and 3, respectively. The general trend of the two results was basically consistent with that of the fuzzy joint model.

The fuzzy combination of entropy weight TOPSIS method and RSR method can better evaluate the service effect of health education institutions in China. There is an imbalance between the content and the region in the service of health education institutions. We should increase the total investment in health education publicity and human resources, and put forward measures according to the differences of different regions, so as to improve the service effect of health education institutions and enhance residents’ well-being and satisfaction.

To investigate the causal relationship between 211 intestinal microorganisms and anxiety by Mendelian randomization analysis.

Based on the genome-wide association study data of MiBioGen Alliance and Finnish database, the qualified instrumental variables were extracted, and the inverse variance weighting method was used as the main Mendelian randomized analysis method, combined with MR-Egger and Weighted median methods. Finally, the results were verified by Cochran’s Q statistics, intercept terms of MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out methods.

Cyanobacteria (OR=1.103, 95%CI: 1.001-1.215, P=0.048), Shigella (OR=1.159, 95%CI: 1.027-1.309, P=0.017), and Slackia (OR=1.170, 95%CI: 1.047-1.307, P=0.017) were positively correlated with the risk of anxiety. Firmicutes (OR=0.857, 95%CI:0.754-0.974, P=0.018), Clostridium (OR=0.817, 95%CI: 0.701-0.951, P=0.009), Clostridium (OR=0.849, 95%CI: 0.736-0.980, P=0.025), Eubacterium_rectale_group (OR=0.861, 95%CI: 0.748-0.993, P=0.039), Ruminococcaceae_UCG004(OR=0.886, 95%CI: 0.789-0.994, P=0.039), and Ruminococcaceae_UCG011(OR=0.919, 95%CI: 0.854-0.989, P=0.025) were negatively correlated with anxiety risk. The results were verified and no heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were found.

This study evaluates the potential causal relationship between intestinal microorganisms and anxiety, providing reference for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of anxiety in the future.

To investigate the potential relationship between dietary flavanone intake and asthma so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of asthma.

Adults over 20 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2008 were selected as research subjects. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between flavanone intake and asthma. Finally, subgroup analysis was used to explore the relationship between flavanone intake and asthma in different sex and age groups.

A total of 5 415 subjects were included, of whom 710 (13.11%) had asthma. The median intake of flavanone was 0.27 mg/d. The intake of flavanone in patients with asthma was significantly lower than that in normal people, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=10.207, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, education, drinking, smoking, monthly family poverty, hypertension, and diabetes, the incidence of asthma in the highest quantile was significantly lower than that in the lowest quantile (OR=0.781, 95%CI:0.615-0.991), and the risk of asthma decreased with the increase of flavanone intake (P _trend = 0.015).

There is a negative correlation between flavanone intake and asthma. Flavanone may be a protective factor for asthma, and the correlation may be more obvious in women and young and middle-aged people under 50 years old.

To establish a screening model for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

By using the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling, 4 587 permanent residents ≥ 40 years old in Guizhou Province were investigated by questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function examination. Variables to be included into the model were screened by univariate analysis and then further screened by multivariate Logistic regression. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) were used to construct the screening model of COPD patients, and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the effect of the model. Delong method was used to test the difference of AUC between models.

According to the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis, age, frequent cough before 14 years old, asthma, daily smoking, cooking fuel and exhaust, and harmful gas exposure were included in LR, RF and SVM models. The AUC of the three model training sets were 73.64%, 87.14%, and 73.30%, respectively, and the AUC of the test set were 76.10%, 70.96%, and 76.08%, respectively, all of which had good screening results. The results of Delong method showed that the screening effects of the three models were different between the training set and the test set.

This study established an economical, rapid, and effective screening model for COPD patients through six simple variables such as age and asthma.

To investigate the predictive value of infection-related blood indexes combined with palliative performance scale (PPS) score in 14-day survival of patients with pulmonary infection after palliative treatment.

A total of 111 inpatients with pulmonary infection treated in the Department of Palliative Medicine, West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2022 to December 2022 were divided into survival group (n = 53) and death group (n = 58) according to the survival condition of 14 days after treatment. Age, sex, prevalence, infection-related blood index level, and PPS score of the two groups were compared by univariate analysis. Multivariate COX regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the 14-day survival prognosis of patients with pulmonary infection after palliative treatment. The nomogram was constructed and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to verify the predictive performance of the model. The reliability of the model was determined by calibration curve and the clinical practicability of the model was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA).

Compared with the 14-day survival group, the palliative treatment group had lower PPS score, higher C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, white blood cell, and neutrophil count, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of multivariate COX regression analysis showed that high procalcitonin level (HR=2.201, 95%CI:1.394-3.143) and low PPS score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with pulmonary infection after palliative treatment for 14 days (with reference to < 20%, 20%-30%: HR=0.333, 95%CI: 0.183-0.606; 40%-50%: HR=0.125,95%CI: 0.043-0.362; > 50%: HR=0.107, 95%CI: 0.014-0.814). The nomogram was constructed based on procalcitonin combined with PPS score. The area under the ROC curve (AUC value: 0.864, 95%CI: 0.809-0.919), calibration curve, and DCA curve results showed that the model had good predictive efficiency and clinical practicability compared with single index prediction.

Procalcitonin level combined with PPS score is a good predictor of poor prognosis in patients with pulmonary infection after palliative treatment for 14 days.

To describe the distribution characteristics of the duration of respiratory events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and analyze the predictive factors of nocturnal minimum blood oxygen saturation.

A total of 265 OSA patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) in the Sleep Medicine Center of the West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University from January to December 2022 were divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups according to their Apnea Hyponea Index (AHI) values. The differences of basic information and sleep parameters dominated by respiratory events were described. The correlation factors of nocturnal lowest oxygen saturation were selected, and the factors with r > 0.3 were included in the multiple linear regression model.

With the aggravation of OSA, the proportion of male, smoking and drinking increased, neck circumference, apnea index, longest apnea time, snoring index, and maximum systolic blood pressure increased (P < 0.05). The lowest oxygen saturation at night was correlated with sex, age, BMI, apnea index, longest apnea time, and average apnea time. Multiple linear regression results showed that the longest apnea time, apnea index, BMI, and the highest systolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with the lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation (P < 0.05). The longest apnea time was the strongest predictor of the lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation (standardized β=-0.516, P < 0.05, 95%CI: -0.579 to-0.453).

The longest apnea time plays an important role in evaluating the severity of OSA and predicting the lowest blood oxygen saturation at night.

To analyze the effect of serum uric acid (UA) on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

The cognitive function of 259 patients with AD who were followed up more than 3 times in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) follow-up cohort were measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The trajectory analysis model was used to classify the subjects according to the changing trend of MMSE scores during the follow-up period. Taking different trajectory groups as dependent variables and serum UA as independent variables, multi-classification Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the effect of serum UA on cognitive function in patients with different types of AD after adjusting various confounding factors.

According to the trajectory model, the subjects were divided into three subgroups: cognitive sudden decline group, cognitive slow decline group, and cognitive stationary group. There was significant difference in serum UA among different trajectory subgroups (F=4.910, P=0.008). After adjusting for the influence of bio-behavioral-disease potential confounding factors, multi-classification Logistic regression found that serum UA was an independent risk factor for the outcome of cognitive slow decline group (cognitive slow decline group: OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.03-1.77).With each increase of 10 mg/L in UA level, the risk of cognitive decline in AD patients in cognitive slow decline group was 35%higher than that in cognitive stable group. In the cognitive sudden decline group, there was no risk association between UA and cognitive function.

Compared with those with stable cognitive development, high level of serum UA is a risk factor for slow cognitive decline in patients with AD.