To analyze the molecular transmission network characteristics and drug resistance of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals in Guiyang City, to provide a basis for epidemic trends and preventive and control measures.

Blood samples and demographic information of newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals who did not receive antiviral therapy in Guiyang City from 2021 to 2023 were collected. The obtained pol region gene sequences were uploaded to the Stanford University HIV drug resistance database for genotype and drug resistance analysis, and molecular transmission network was constructed based on the optimal gene distance (d=1.5%) and analyzed for factors influencing entry into the network.

A total of 171 samples were collected, and 123 (71.93%) were successfully amplified to obtain valid sequences. Six genotypes were found, mainly CRF07_BC (54.5%, 67/123) and CRF01_AE (24.4%, 30/123). A total of 38 sequences were integrated into the network, with an integration rate of 30.89%. 13 molecular clusters were formed, and the number of cases in the clusters ranged from 2 to 9. Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that heterosexual transmission, CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were more likely to enter the network(P<0.05). CRF07_BC in Chongqing, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guiyang had cross-regional transmission. The drug resistance rate of 123 samples before treatment was 17.07% (21/123), the drug resistance rates were 7.32% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 3.25% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 3.25% for protease inhibitors (PIs), and four samples showed dual drug resistance.

The genotypes of newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals in Guiyang were mainly CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. CRF07_BC is closely related to Chongqing and Guangxi. The drug resistance rate of HIV-1 before treatment was high. In the future, we should continue to build molecular transmission networks for long-term monitoring of the area, cooperate with neighboring provinces and cities to take effective AIDS prevention and control measures to further curb the transmission and spread of the virus.

To investigate the association between lipoproteins determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and osteoarthritis (OA) using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 116 NMR-based lipoproteins and total OA, knee OA, and hip OA, univariate MR analyses were conducted to assess the association between lipoproteins and osteoarthritis.

Univariate MR results showed that 73 lipoproteins were significantly associated with total OA, LDL diameter (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.11) and small HDL phospholipids (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08) presented risk effects on total OA,while the remaining lipoproteins were protective and were distributed in apolipoprotein B, cholesterols, intermediate density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein subclasses. 57 lipoproteins were significantly associated with knee OA, all of which were found in total OA, with LDL diameter (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18) presenting a risk effect on knee OA, while the remaining lipoproteins were protective. 90 lipoproteins were significantly associated with hip OA, with 7 of which presenting risk effects, distributed among HDL cholesterol (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18)and most of its medium- and large-sized subclasses, while the remaining lipoproteins were protective.

NMR-based lipoproteins were causally associated with OA, as their different sizes and lipid compositions play different roles for OA at different sites.

To investigate the association between UHR and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in people aged≥40.

We used data from the 2013—2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including a total of 3 008 participants. Multiple logistic regression, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to explore the correlation between UHR and AAC prevalence.

UHR was positively associated with AAC risk in all participants. Compared with the lowest UHR quartile, the highest quartile had a 134.6% increased risk of AAC (OR=2.346, 95%CI: 1.594-3.453). Interaction analysis showed that there was no significant interaction between UHR grouping and gender or age. Gender stratification showed a 213.6% increase in AAC in the Q4 group of females compared with the Q1 group (OR=3.136, 95%CI: 1.884-5.221), while no statistical significance was achieved in males (P=0.113). Age stratification revealed that for those over 60 years old, the risk of AAC in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups increased by 118.6% (OR=2.186, 95%CI: 1.140-4.191), 147.4% (OR=2.474, 95%CI: 1.464-4.181), and 347.8% (OR=4.478, 95%CI: 2.580-7.773) compared with the Q1 group, respectively, while in the 40-60 years old group, it did not reach statistical significance (P=0.338). RCS analysis showed that there was a nonlinear relationship between UHR and AAC.

s UHR is an independent risk factor for AAC, and the higher level of UHR, the higher risk of AAC. The association between UHR and AAC is more significant in females and people over 60 years old.

To investigate the relationship between different obesity statuses in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the incidence of all-cause dementia and its subtypes.

Based on data from the UK Biobank, study subjects were categorized into five obesity states—underweight, normal weight, simple central or simple generalized obesity, combined overweight, and combined obesity—according to BMI and waist circumference. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dementia incidence among patients with cardiovascular metabolic diseases across different obesity statuses.

A total of 63 066 CVD patients and 33 872 T2DM patients were included in the study. Compared to normal weight CVD patients, underweight individuals exhibited a 135% increased risk of vascular dementia (VD) (HR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.09-5.09). The risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients with simple central or simple generalized obesity decreased by 26% (0.74, 0.61-0.90) and 30% (0.70, 0.51-0.95),respectively. For combined overweight patients, the risk of all-cause dementia and AD decreased by 28% (0.72, 0.64-0.82) and 29%(0.71, 0.58-0.87), respectively. In combined obesity patients, the risk of all-cause dementia, AD, and VD decreased by 35% (0.65,0.58-0.74), 40% (0.60, 0.49-0.74), and 27% (0.73, 0.57-0.93), respectively. Compared to normal weight T2DM patients, combined overweight patients showed a 39% (0.61, 0.46-0.81) and 46% (0.54, 0.36-0.81) reduction in the risk of all-cause dementia and AD,respectively. The risk of all-cause dementia, AD, and VD in combined obesity patients decreased by 35% (0.53, 0.41-0.69), 40%(0.45, 0.31-0.66), and 27% (0.53, 0.32-0.87), respectively.

There is an “obesity paradox” in dementia risk among patients with cardiovascular metabolic diseases, with a significant reduction in the incidence of dementia among patients with simple central or simple generalized obesity, combined overweight, and combined obesity.

To explore the trends in the burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in China and its associated risk factors based on the Global Burden of Disease database (GBD).

Data on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to MDR-TB in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD 2021 database. The trends in disease burden and risk factors were assessed using the rate of change and annual estimated percentage change.

From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of MDR-TB in China decreased from 3.4 504(95%UI: 0.9 415 to 9.4 455) per 100 000 to 1.4 932 (95%UI: 0.2 544 to 4.6 586) per 100 000, with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of -6.6 (95%CI: -7.8 to -5.38). The age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) fell from 40.455 (95%UI:9.522 to 116.1805) per 100 000 to 5.1077 (95%UI: 0.8967 to 15.0293) per 100 000, with an EAPC of -10.07 (95%CI: -11.24 to -8.89). The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased from 1.176 (95%UI: 0.2691 to 3.4253) per 100 000 to 0.1469(95%UI: 0.0246 to 0.4272) per 100 000, with an EAPC of -10.03 (95%CI: -11.23 to -8.82). During the same period, the number of new cases decreased by 30.07%, the number of DALYs decreased by 77.44%, and the number of deaths decreased by 71.3%. Additionally, significant age and gender disparities were observed in the burden of MDR-TB in China. From 1990 to 2021, the declines in age-standardized incidence, DALY rates, and mortality rates were more pronounced in females than in males. Furthermore, smoking, alcohol consumption, high fasting blood glucose, and high body mass index were significant contributors to DALYs and mortality related to MDR-TB, with their contributions increasing over time.

There has been a significant downward trend in the burden of MDR-TB in China from 1990 to 2021. Attention should be given to the trends in MDR-TB burden among individuals aged 60 and above and males. Tailored prevention and control policies and measures should be developed based on the characteristics of different age groups and genders, along with the primary risk factors, to effectively reduce the overall disease burden of MDR-TB in China.

To construct a stroke risk scoring tool for middle - aged and elderly Chinese people based on meta-analysis and physical examination data from primary medical institutions.

Cohort studies on risk factors for stroke onset in the Chinese population were retrieved, and predictive factors were determined through meta-analysis. Referring to the construction method of the Framingham 10-year risk scoring tool, a stroke risk scoring tool for middle-aged and elderly Chinese people was established. The Kailuan cohort and the Hongguang physical examination cohort were used as external validation populations. Indicators such as the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the scoring tool.

Thirty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, and finally 14 factors were identified as stroke predictive factors: old age, male gender, underweight, overweight, obesity, stage 1 hypertension, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, high total cholesterol, high triglycerides, low-level high-density lipoprotein, history of atrial fibrillation, family history of stroke, and current smoking. The Kailuan cohort included 137 501 people, and 2 351 cases of stroke occurred during the follow-up period. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.74 (95%CI:0.73-0.75), the sensitivity was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.77-0.80), and the specificity was 0.59 (95%CI: 0.58-0.59). The Hongguang physical examination cohort included 7 194 subjects, and 927 people had strokes during the follow-up period. The AUC was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.59-0.63), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.52 (95%CI: 0.50-0.56) and 0.65 (95%CI: 0.64-0.66),respectively.

The stroke risk scoring tool has good predictive efficacy in middle-aged and elderly people undergoing physical examinations. It has high feasibility for popularization and application in primary medical institutions, can help identify high-risk populations for stroke, and provide a basis for stroke prevention and intervention strategies.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2023, providing scientific evidence and support for DR-TB prevention and control strategies.

Using the “Tuberculosis Management Information System”, a subsystem of the “Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System”, descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of DR-TB patients in Guizhou Province.

A total of 3 580 DR-TB patients were reported in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2023; the male-to-female ratio was 2.15:1, with 2 976 cases (77.12%) among the Han ethnic group. The age group of 40-60 years accounted for the highest proportion, with 1 507 cases (42.09%). Compared to 2016, the proportion of patients aged 60 and above increased in 2023 (24.23% vs. 10.56%). Farmers represented the majority of the patients, totaling 1 844 cases (51.51%). The top three regions were Bijie city (676 cases, 18.88%), Guiyang city (571 cases, 15.95%), and Tongren city (531 cases, 14.83%). Compared to 2016, the proportions in Bijie and Tongren cities increased in 2023 (20.52% vs. 9.94%and 11.34% vs. 3.72%, respectively). The predominant drug resistance type was rifampicin resistance (98.41%), while the proportion of multidrug-resistant cases decreased in 2023 compared to 2016 (45.88% vs. 98.14%), and the proportion of pre-extensively drug-resistant cases increased (7.32% vs. 0%). The top three categories of registration were new patients, treatment failures, and relapses, with 1 317 cases (26.79%), 893 cases (24.94%), and 874 cases (24.41%), respectively. Compared to 2016, the proportions of new patients and relapses increased in 2023 (44.85% vs. 6.83% and 30.10% vs. 18.63%).

The prevention and control efforts for DR-TB in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2023 have achieved certain results, but the situation remains severe. Future work should focus on continuously improving the application of molecular biological testing technologies, reducing relapses, optimizing resource allocation, and strengthening prevention and control measures for key populations and regions, ensuring timely and effective diagnosis and treatment services across all areas.

To investigate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city and their clustering patterns, providing a scientific basis for developing chronic disease prevention and control policies and public health measures tailored to different regions of Quanzhou.

A descriptive analysis of the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases was conducted. The research data were analyzed using χ² tests via SPSS 21.0, and K-Means clustering and visualization of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases across different regions were performed using R 4.4.0.

A total of 14 087 valid samples were collected from the social factor survey among adult residents in Quanzhou city, analyzing five primary behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases. The prevalence rates, from highest to lowest, were insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables (55.86%), overweight or obesity (48.85%), current smoking (18.49%), insufficient sleep (8.03%), and excessive alcohol consumption (6.30%). The clustering patterns of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in the city can be categorized into three types: low fruit and vegetable intake (72.49%), health-oriented (14.82%), and excessive smoking and drinking (12.69%).

The prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city is relatively high and exhibits distinct clustering characteristics, predominantly characterized by low fruit and vegetable intake. The proportion of individuals with healthy lifestyles is small, indicating the need for targeted public health interventions to promote healthy lifestyles for the entire population, thereby preventing the occurrence and progression of chronic diseases.

To analyze the public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023 and provide references for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.

The relevant information on public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023 was collected through the “Reporting and Management Information System for Public Health Emergencies”. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the event categories, temporal distribution, regional distribution, school types, etc.,as well as the relationship between the duration of the epidemic and the time interval from discovery.

From 2014 to 2023,a total of 363 public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases were reported in various schools in Sichuan Province, with 21 597 reported cases, 3 deaths, and 1 041 433 affected or exposed people. The incidence rate was 2.07%. The top five infectious diseases in terms of the number of events were varicella, influenza, mumps, other infectious diarrhea diseases, and hand - foot -mouth disease, accounting for 91.46% of the total number of events. In terms of temporal distribution, more events were reported in March and November. In terms of school types, primary schools reported the most events (195 cases), followed by junior high schools (66 cases). The morbidity rates of infectious disease emergencies varied in different regions, with the highest morbidity rate in urban schools. The ways of event discovery included daily monitoring by epidemic management personnel of grass - roots disease prevention and control centers (224 cases, 61.71%), reports from medical institutions (84 cases, 23.10%), reports from schools (23 cases, 6.34%), and notifications from superior or peer departments (14 cases, 3.56%). There was a positive correlation between the time interval from epidemic discovery and the duration of the epidemic (r=0.57, P < 0.001).

Schools are high-risk places for public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to the epidemic characteristics of different schools. The discovery and reporting of epidemics are extremely important for epidemic disposal. The coordination and cooperation mechanism among multiple departments such as education and health should be strengthened to improve the timeliness of monitoring and reporting of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools and gain the initiative in epidemic disposal.

To investigate the current status of sports equipment disinfection in kindergartens in the urban area of Yinchuan, as well as the awareness and regulations regarding disinfection, providing reference for improving hygiene and epidemic prevention in kindergartens.

Samples were collected from the surfaces of sports equipment, indoor air in sports equipment rooms, and the hands of sports staff, following the “Disinfection and Sanitation Standards for Nurseries and Kindergartens” (DB12/T447-2011) from Tianjin. A self-developed questionnaire was used to survey the usage of disinfectants, the awareness of disinfection practices among management personnel and sports staff, and the disinfection regulations in kindergartens. Statistical analysis of the testing and survey results was conducted using SPSS 18.0.

The average compliance rates for disinfection of sports equipment surfaces, indoor air in sports equipment rooms, and the hands of staff in kindergartens were 63.76%, 62.63%, and 55.29%,respectively, with no statistically significant differences across different types (public, inclusive) and scales (≥300 students large-scale, <300 students small-scale) of kindergartens (P values > 0.05). The average usage rates of disinfectants such as ultraviolet lamps, air disinfectants, hand sanitizers, disinfectant solutions, disinfectant spray bottles, and disinfectant cloths were 26.55%,15.66%, 54.88%, 52.17%, 56.06%, and 51.39%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences across different types and scales of kindergartens (P > 0.05). The average rates of good awareness regarding sports equipment disinfection among management personnel and sports staff were 57.18% and 50.91%, respectively, with statistically significant differences observed across different types of kindergartens (χ² values of 8.74 and 7.97, P < 0.05). The average rates of a well-established disinfection system for sports equipment were 42.58%, 43.57%, and 42.02%, with statistically significant differences noted among different types of kindergartens (χ² values of 7.95, 8.32, and 8.48, P < 0.05).

The compliance rates for sports equipment disinfection, the usage rates of disinfectants, and the rates of good awareness among management personnel and sports staff in kindergartens in Yinchuan are relatively low, and the disinfection system for sports equipment is inadequate, which impacts the hygiene and safety of sports equipment. Enhanced supervision, monitoring, and technical guidance are necessary.