To investigate the role of ferroptosis in striatum damage induced by combined exposure of microplastics and manganese by establishing a mouse model following microplastics and manganese alone or combined exposure.

Forty SPF male C57 mice were randomly divided into control group, manganese exposure group, microplastics exposure group and combined exposure group. Neurobehavioral tests including rotarod test, open field test and sucrose preference test were performed. The contents of divalent iron, malondialdehyde and glutathione in striatum of mice were detected by using the kit. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of SLC7A11, GPX4 and FPN1 in striatum of mice. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-124. Single factor analysis of variance was used for comparison of multiple groups of data, and LSD test was used for further pairwise comparison.

Behavioral tests showed that the residence time of the rotating rod (all P<0.001), the residence time in the central zone of open field test (all P<0.001), total distance of open field test (all P<0.001) and the sucrose preference rate (P_manganese=0.010; P_{microplastics}<0.001) in manganese exposure group and microplastics exposure group decreased significantly compared with that of the control group. Compared with the manganese exposure group and microplastics exposure group, the residence time of the rotating rod, the residence time in the central zone of the open field test and the total distance of the open field test of combined exposure group decreased significantly (all P<0.001). In addition, the sucrose preference rate of the combined exposure group was lower than that of the manganese exposure group (P=0.001). At the same time, compared with the control group, the contents of Fe²⁺ in striatum of mice in manganese exposure group and microplastics exposure group increased (P_manganese=0.002; Pmicroplastics=0.001), the contents of GSH decreased (P_manganese=0.015; Pmicroplastics<0.001). The content of MDA in the striatum of mice in microplastics exposure group increased (P<0.001). Furthermore, the contents of Fe²⁺ and MDA in striatum of mice in combined exposure group were higher than those in manganese exposure group (P_Fe²⁺=0.004; P_MDA<0.001) and microplastics exposure group (P_Fe²⁺=0.008; P_MDA=0.007), while the content of GSH was lower than that in the manganese exposure group (P<0.001). The protein expressions of SLC7A11 in manganese exposure group (P=0.010) and microplastics exposure group (P=0.001) were lower than that in the control group. The protein expression of GPX4 in microplastics exposure group was lower than that in the control group (P=0.007), and the protein expression of GPX4 in the combined exposure group was lower than that in the manganese exposure group (P=0.006). The protein expressions of FPN1 in the manganese exposure group (P=0.005) and microplastics exposure group (P=0.002) were lower than that in the control group and the protein expression of FPN1 in the combined exposure group was significantly lower than those in the manganese exposure group (P=0.008) and microplastics exposure group (P=0.005). Compared with the control group, the expressions of miR-124 in striatum of mice in manganese exposure group (P=0.002) and microplastics exposure group (P<0.001) increased. At the same time, the expression of miR-124 in the striatum of mice in the combined exposure group was higher than those in the manganese exposure group and microplastics exposure group (all P<0.001).

Combined exposure of microplastics and manganese might lead to striatum damage in mice through the regulation of ferroptosis, and then cause motor dysfunction and anxiety-depression-like behavior.

To understand the intake of added sugars among primary school students, to analyze the sources and influencing factors of intake, and to propose improvement measures.

A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 12,603 primary school students in Lianyungang as the research subjects. A food atlas-based questionnaire was used to investigate the intake of foods with added sugars and calculate daily intake of added sugars.

The median added sugar intake of primary school students was 22.1 g/day, 45.7% of students consumed more than 25 g/day, and 21.7% of students consumed more than 50 g/day. Sugar-sweetened beverages, flavored yogurt, pastries and sweets were the four main sources of added sugar intake among primary school students (accounting for 38.3%, 24.0%, 14.1% and 12.1% respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that boys, higher grade, higher BMI, and less sleep were associated with increased intake of added sugars.

The excessive intake of added sugar by primary school students in Lianyungang was quite prominent. On the one hand, nutrition education should be carried out to publicize the harm of excessive intake of added sugar.On the other hand, it isrecommended to include the added sugar content in the nutrition label to guide teenagers to choose healthy food.

To explore the relationship between female reproductive history and cognitive dysfunction in old age.

Based on the survey data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey database in 2018, binary logistic regression and R4.3.3 software were used to construct a restricted cubic spline model to analyze the dose-response relationship between the number of births, gestational age and cognitive dysfunction in women.

7508 elderly women were included, of whom 764 (10.17%) had cognitive dysfunction. After adjusting for confounding factors, the first gestational age (OR=1.025, 95%CI:1.007-1.044), the last gestational age (OR=1.071, 95%CI:1.056-1.086), and the number of pregnancies (OR=1.085, 95%CI:1.044-1.127) had an impact on the cognitive function of elderly women. The results of the restricted cubic spline model showed that there was a linear dose-response relationship between the number of pregnancies and the risk of cognitive dysfunction in women (P_overall<0.05, P_{non-linearity}=0.67), and the cognitive function was not adversely affected when the number of pregnancies was ≤4 (OR<1, 95%CI:0.45-1). When she had only one child, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the gestational age and the risk of cognitive impairment (P_overall<0.05, P_{non-linearity}<0.05), suggesting that the best childbearing age was 27 to 30 years old (OR<1, 95%CI:0.89-1). When she had more than one child, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the first and last gestational age and the risk of cognitive impairment (P_overall<0.05, P_{non-linearity}<0.05), suggesting that the best childbearing age was 22 to 35 years old (OR<1, 95%CI: 0.99-1).

There is a correlation between female reproductive history and cognitive function in old age. Limiting the number of childbearing and encouraging age-appropriate childbearing can improve cognitive function in old age.

To analyze the epidemic characteristics of breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba District, Chongqing, and provide reference for the prevention and control of the varicella epidemic in the area.

Collect information on varicella cases and their vaccination in Shapingba District from 2019 to 2023, Use descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella breakthrough cases, and use linear regression to analyze the relationship between breakthrough cases and age at the time of vaccination and the time interval between vaccination and onset of disease.

From 2019 to 2023, there were a total of 802 breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba District, Chongqing, accounting for 14.87% of the total number of varicella cases. The majority of cases were vaccinated with one dose of varicella (648 cases, accounting for 80.80%), and the differences in composition among different years were statistically significant (χ²=16.400,P<0.005); The epidemic has a bimodal distribution, from October to December and May to July each year. The least cases are in winter (142 cases, accounting for 11.68%), and the most cases are in spring (198 cases, accounting for 17.32%). The composition differences between different seasons are statistically significant (χ²=16.348, P<0.001); The breakthrough cases of chickenpox are mainly male, with the highest incidence among primary school students aged 6～10, and the differences in composition are statistically significant (χ²=877.420, P<0.001); The time interval from the first dose of chickenpox vaccine to the onset of breakthrough cases was 46 days to 17 years, with a median \[M(P₂₅,P₇₅)\] of 7 years (4 years, 10 years). The median time interval between scattered children, primary school students, and middle school students was 3 years (2 years,4 years), 8 years (6 years, 9 years), and 12 years (11 years,14 years), respectively, with statistical significance (H=497.280, P<0.001); There is a negative correlation between age at the time of first dose vaccination and the interval between onset of the disease in breakthrough cases, with a correlation coefficient of r=-0.230 (t=-6.693, P<0.001).

Breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba, Chongqing are mainly concentrated in primary school students during the start of the school season, with an interval of 7 years between onset. It is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and control of the varicella epidemic in primary schools, further improve the vaccination rate of children with varicella vaccines, and recommend receiving two doses of vaccines before starting primary school to reduce the risk of breakthrough cases.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Dongguan City from 2005 to 2022, and to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C in the future.

The reported cases and demographic data in Dongguan City from 2005 to 2022 were collected and analyzed by Excel 2016, SPSS25.0 and Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0 software. The value is 0.05 as a standard test.

From 2005 to 2022 the average annual incidence of hepatitis C in Dongguan city was 12.84/100 000. The annual incidence showed an upward trend from 2005 to 2011 (APC=15.74%) and a downward trend from 2011 to 2021 (APC=-5.41%). The incidence of reported cases in Guancheng district (34.78/100 000), Shilong Town (25.33/100 000) and Xiegang Town (17.90/100 000) were among the top three in all the towns and streets. The average annual incidence in males (17.45/100 000) was higher than that in females (8.17/100 000), moreover, the incidence in male has declined since 2014 (APC=-7.01%), and the incidence in female has declined since 2011 (APC=-7.64%). The ages of onset were mainly from 20 to 49 years old(15 873 cases, 75.07%),In the age group of 50 to 59 years, the annual incidence showed an upward trend(AAPC=24.47%). The most affected population group was housewives and unemployed individuals (6 003 cases,28.39%) and the annual constituent ratios was on the rise (AAPC=6.59%).

The reported incidence level of hepatitis C in Dongguan is higher than that in China. And the annual reported incidence has declined since 2011. Improving the prevention and cure of hepatitis C among men, 20 to 59 age group and housewives and unemployed individuals is suggested to reduce the incidence of hepatitis C effectively.

The epidemic situation of influenza from 2014 to 2023 in Huanggang City was analyzed to provide reference for prevention and control of influenza in Huanggang City.

The data of influenza online report, ILI monitoring data and etiological detection data in Huanggang City from 2014 to 2023 were collected and analyzed.

From 2014 to 2023, the annual incidence of influenza in Huanggang City ranged from 5.38/100,000 (2014) to 1,178.19/100,000 (2023), with a trend of first increasing (2014-2019), then decreasing (2020-2022), and reaching a peak in 2023.Retrospective spatiotemporal scanning analysis showed that the onset time was mainly concentrated in December of each year and January and February of the following year. In the epidemic season, Huangzhou, Luotian and Qichun were the main cluster areas of Class I and Class II. The ILI% value of each year in Huanggang City from 2014 to 2023 ranged from 4.41% to 13.17%, and the difference of ILI% each year was statistically significant (χ²=83 652.46,P<0.01), and the annual change trend was similar to that reported by influenza network.The positive rate of influenza virus in ILI case samples showed the characteristics of peak in winter and spring and small peak in summer, and H3N2, H1N1 and BBV were alternately or co-prevalent in each year and within each year.The analysis of correlation results between ILI% and positive rate of influenza virus showed that: except 2014-2016 and 2020-2022, the other 4 years showed positive correlation, and the P-value was less than 0.05,

The prevalence of influenza in Huanggang showed an increasing trend year by year, with obvious seasonal characteristics and temporal and spatial aggregation. The dominant strains, mainly H1N1, H3N2 and BV, alternated or co-circulated within the year and between different years.

To describe and analyze the burden and changing trends of ischemic heart disease(IHD)attributed to dietary risks in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of IHD in China.

Standardized DALY rates and standardized mortality rates for IHD in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database(GBD 2021).

In 2021, the standardized DALYs rate and mortality rate of IHD attributed to dietary risks in China were 820.87 and 44.26 per 100,000 respectively, showing a decrease of 14.45% and 5.24% compared to 1990. China’s rates were only higher than regions with high sociodemographic index and lower than global and other regional levels.Dietary risks were significantly higher in males compared to females, with the main risk factors being high-sodium diet, lowwholegrain diet, and high omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet.Both DALYs rate and mortality rate increased significantly with age.The overall trend from 1990 to 2021 shows a decline in the standardized DALYs rate and mortality rate of IHD attributed to dietary factors in China, with an Average Annual Percentage Change(AAPC) of 0.54% and 0.24% respectively.

The burden of disease and mortality rate of IHD attributable to dietary risks in China have shown an overall declining trend. However, the disease burden attributable to dietary risks is higher in males than in females, and higher in those aged 70 and above compared to those under 70. The burden of IHD attributable to dietary risks is expected to continue rising. To alleviate the burden of IHD, it is essential to enhance health education for males and middle-aged and elderly populations, increasing their awareness of IHD prevention and control. This can be achieved by promoting healthy eating habits and lifestyle practices to improve physical fitness management.

To establish an evaluation index system of medical service capacity in county hospitals, so as to provide a reference basis for further evaluating the overall medical service strength of county-level hospitals.

Experts were invited to evaluate the relative importance of indicators at all levels of medical service capacity, and the weights of the dimensions of the indicators system were determined using analytic hierarchy process.

A total of 35 experts were invited to consult letter inquiries, and the recovery rate of the questionnaire was 94.43%. The CR of first-level indicators judgment matrix was 0.0223, and the CR of the second-level index judgment matrix under the three dimensions of structure, process and outcome were 0.0000,0.0741and 0.0052, all less than 0.1. Finally, the evaluation index system included 3 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators. The highest weight of the first-level indicators was the result(0.4570). Among the combined weights there were 11 indicators that exceeded the average weight of 0.0435 (1/23).

The evaluation index system of county hospitals based on analytic hierarchy process is objective and reliable, which can provide reference for health administrative departments at all levels and county hospitals to carry out medical service ability evaluation and ability improvement according to the actual situation.

To explore the level of knowledge and demand for vaccination among parents of hospitalized premature infants in Chongqing, so as to provide reference for the development of targeted health education and early training programs in the future.

A purposive and cluster sampling survey was conducted from August to October 2023, using a self-designed questionnaire to investigate and analyze the vaccination awareness and needs of parents of premature infants hospitalized in 9 hospitals in Chongqing.

The overall awareness rate of parents of hospitalized premature infants was 79.28%, the awareness rate of routine vaccination knowledge was 85.80%, the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge of premature infants was 73.69%. Family upbringing history, education level, place of residence, economic income, and whether having received relevant training are the influencing factors of knowledge awareness. 25.46% parents of premature infants said that they would take their children for vaccination within one week after discharge. 85.06% parents thought that they were lack of vaccination knowledge. 88.41% parents thought that it was necessary to carry out vaccination health education for premature infants.

The vaccination knowledge level of parents of hospitalized premature infants in Chongqing needs to be improved, among which parents who have given birth to their first child, have low educational level, live in rural areas, have low family income and have not received vaccination knowledge training for premature infants are the key groups of health education and early training, and the timing and safety of vaccination are key points of training. It is an important way to train medical staff as the main body and combine various health education means.

To observe the level and effect of medical insurance for five sites of cancer in China using an area of Anhui Province as an example.

Using the district’s Medicare billing list data for the three-year period 2019-2021. Based on the concepts of actual compensation ratio, bottom-line compensation ratio and catastrophic health expenditure, the level and effect of medical security were calculated by level, cost and level of medical institution, etc.

Overall, the out-of-pocket share of the patients was maintained at around 30%, the out-of-pocket share of patients with high medical expenses was small (16.59%). The level of tertiary medical institutions’ actual compensation ratio was low (65.81%-70.52%), but overallit still exceeded the bottom-line compensation ratio under the 40% and 25% catastrophic health expenditure standards.

The multi-level health insurance system has begun to bear fruit. There is a need to equalize the protection for different types of illnesses, to strengthen the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and to pay further attention to the needs of patients with “serious illnesses and light treatment”.