To analyse the association between high blood pressure and dietary behaviors among children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years in Inner Mongolia, and to develop targeted preventive measures for high blood pressure among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia.

The data were obtained from the National Monitoring and Intervention Work Program for Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors in Students, and a total of 129 821 primary and secondary school students were included in the stratified random cluster sampling method in September each year. The χ² test was used for the analysis of single factors, and binary logistic regression was used for multifactorial analyses, and risk prediction of high blood pressure was performed by column-line plots.

In Inner Mongolia, the overall high blood pressure of children and adolescents aged 9-17 years was 16.23%, with simple systolic blood pressure increase as the main cause. By gender, the overall high blood pressure rates of boys and girls were 15.42% and 17.05%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=63.38, P<0.001); the overall high blood pressure rates of primary schools, junior high school, and high school were 14.95%, 16.89%, and 17.77%, respectively, according to the school segments. The difference was statistically significant (χ²=124.95, P<0.001). Logistic regression model analysis showed that the risk of high blood pressure was higher in female students than in male students (OR=1.13, 95% CI:1.10-1.17), and the risk of high blood pressure was higher in junior high school and high school students than in primary school students [OR=1.14(95% CI:1.10-1.18), 1.18(95% CI:1.13-1.23), respectively], the risk of high blood pressure was lower for students in flag counties than for students in urban areas (OR=0.89,95% CI:0.86-0.92), and the rate of high blood pressure was lower for Mongolian and other students than for Han Chinese students [OR=0.96(95% CI:0.92-0.99), and 0.93(95% CI:0.87-0.99)], the risk of high BP was lower for those who ate fried food ≤1 time per week than for those who ate it ≥2 times per week (OR=0.86,95% CI:0.77-0.97), the risk of high BP was lower for those who ate chocolate ≤1 time per week than for those who ate it ≥2 times per week (OR=0.94,95% CI:0.91-0.97), and the risk of high BP was lower for those who ate butter ≤1 time per week had a lower risk of high blood pressure than students who ate it ≥2 times per week (OR=0.95,95% CI:0.92-0.98), ate pastry ≤1 time per week had a lower risk of high blood pressure than students who ate it ≥2 times per week (OR=0.93,95% CI:0.90-0.96), and drank soya milk ≤1 time per week had a higher risk of high blood pressure than students who drank it ≥2 times per week (OR=1.13,95% CI:1.03-1.24), and students who ate breakfast every day had a higher risk of high blood pressure than those who ate it sometimes or never [OR=1.15(95% CI:1.11-1.19),1.23(95% CI:1.15-1.31), respectively].

Dietary behaviour is closely associated with high blood pressure in children and adolescents, and this aspect should be actively addressed in future preventive measures.

To investigate the relationship between the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) and new-onset stroke in different glucose metabolism states, and to provide new perspectives on stroke prevention and treatment.

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a total of 8 567 participants were selected to participate in five surveys in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020. First, the cumulative risk of stroke onset was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method based on NHHR quartile groupings, and the Log-rank test was used to compare differences between groups. Second, the association between NHHR and new-onset stroke in the total population and in individuals with different glucose metabolic status was analyzed using Cox proportional risk regression models, and interaction analyses were performed.

A total of 745 (8.4%) participants had a new stroke during the 9-year follow-up period. The incidence of stroke in the NHHR quartiles from Q1 to Q4 groups was 6.1%, 8.2%, 9.4%, and 11.1%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference in cumulative incidence risk of stroke among the different NHHR groups (P<0.05). Cox regression modeling showed that the risk of stroke was increased by 34%, 56%, and 75% in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively, compared with Q1 group, with HR and 95% CI of 1.34 (1.07-1.68), 1.56 (1.25-1.95), and 1.75 (1.41-2.18). In prediabetic and diabetic patients, elevated NHHR increased the risk of stroke onset, whereas the association was not observed in the normoglycemic group, and there was a significant interaction between NHHR and glucose metabolic status (P=0.020).

NHHR is positively associated with the risk of new stroke and shows different characteristics in different glycaemic states.

To investigate the associations between serum liver enzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

Based on the baseline data of the West China Health and Aging Cohort, a total of 7 422 participants aged 60 years and above without liver diseases were selected in this study. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between serum liver enzymes and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke.

Logistic regression models showed that compared with the lowest serum ALT level group, the highest group had a higher risk of CAD (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74). Restricted cubic spline models showed no nonlinear association between serum ALP, ALT, AST, and GGT and the risk of CAD (P_nonlinearity=0.796,0.122, 0.583, and 0.424, respectively). For stroke, the risk in the highest serum ALP level group was higher compared with the lowest group (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.58); additionally, each one-unit increase in log₁₀ALP was associated with a higher risk of stroke (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.01-4.47). Restricted cubic spline models showed no nonlinear association between serum ALP,ALT, AST, and GGT and stroke (P_nonlinearity=0.595, 0.669, 0.809, and 0.907, respectively).

Higher serum liver enzymes may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese older adults.

In order to further optimize the allocation of primary health resources, this study analyzed the status quo and equity of primary health resources allocation in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2023.

Using Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Theil index, the equity of primary health resource allocation in Inner Mongolia was measured and analyzed.

In the medical and health resources of all the cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot ranked first. According to the fairness of population allocation, the Gini coefficient ranged from 0.025 9 to 0.155 3，the total Theil index ranged from 0.004 0 to 0.077 3，and the intra-regional variance rates ranged from 61.65% to 93.50%. According to the fairness of geographical area allocation, the Gini coefficient ranged from 0.453 8 to 0.516 5, the total Theil index ranged from 0.256 7 to 0.352 8, and the inter-regional difference rate ranged from 13.12% to 24.93%. According to the fairness of GDP allocation, the Gini coefficient ranged from 0.100 7 to 0.379 2, the total Theil index ranged from 0.096 9 to 0.240 2, and the inter-regional difference rate ranged from 24.56% to 38.06%.

The total amount of primary health resources in Inner Mongolia has achieved continuous growth, but there is a structural imbalance in the allocation of medical human capital. The fairness of allocation according to population and GDP is significantly better than that according to geographical area. The distribution of primary health resources in different cities is uneven, forming a gradient pattern of "central uplift-edge collapse", with noticeable underutilization of primary health resources.

To investigate the prevalence of seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) in acute respiratory infection cases in selected medical institutions in Shanghai before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on respiratory samples from 11 794 acute respiratory infection cases collected between January 2016 and December 2023 at nine medical institutions. Multiplex PCR was used to detect sHCoV, and the χ² tests were performed to compare detection rates across three periods (pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and post-pandemic) and to assess changes in epidemic characteristics.

Among the 11 794 respiratory samples, the overall detection rate of eight common respiratory viruses declined significantly during and after the pandemic. The overall detection rate of sHCoV was 3.47% (409/11 794), decreasing to 1.58% (55/2 259) during the pandemic and further to 1.42% (32/3 482) post-pandemic (P<0.001). Before the pandemic, sHCoV circulated year-round, with peak activity from March to September. During the pandemic, the peak shifted to July-December, whereas post-pandemic, detections were observed throughout the year without a clear seasonal peak. Before the pandemic, the four sHCoV subtypes circulated alternately, with HCoV-NL63 being the most prevalent and remaining stable during the pandemic. However, post-pandemic, HCoV-229E became dominant, and subtype-specific trends shifted. Notably, HCoV-229E transitioned from a biphasic to a monophasic pattern, and re-emerging with a biphasic trend post-pandemic. The peak circulation periods of HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43 were delayed by 5-8 months, whereas HCoV-NL63 was not detected in the post-pandemic period.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced the transmission patterns of sHCoV. After the pandemic, there was a decrease in the detection rate of sHCoV, a delayed seasonal peak, and changes in the viral subtype composition. Continued monitoring of these trends is essential to provide scientific support for respiratory infection prevention and control strategies.

To fit and predict the incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guiyang City, assess whether the End TB Strategy target for 2035 (incidence <10 per 100 000 population) can be achieved, and provide a reference for relevant departments to optimize prevention and control measures.

Based on the anonymized tuberculosis case data from Guiyang City between 2010 and 2024, after excluding records with missing onset times and duplicate entries, a transmission dynamics model was constructed by integrating demographic and epidemiological data. Taking into account the latent period of tuberculosis, infection progression, and case detection, the Bayesian method was employed to estimate transmission parameters and predict incidence trends from 2025 to 2050. The effectiveness of various control measures was evaluated through parameter optimization strategies.

The model achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.02%, and an R² of 0.86 in fitting the 2010—2019 data. Projections indicated that under current strategies, Guiyang City would fail to meet the 2035 TB control target. However, with optimized interventions, the target could be achieved two years ahead of schedule.

Enhancing active case detection and preventive treatment for latent TB infections could enable Guiyang City to reach the End TB Strategy’s 2035 goal.

To analyze the spatial-temporal clustering of mumps during periods with different immunization strategies in Tai’an.

The immunization strategy for MuCV from 2009 to 2024 was divided into 1-dose period (2009-2013), 2-dose early period (2014-May 2020), and 2-dose later period (June 2020-2024). Mumps incidence data from 2009 to 2024 were obtained from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System for descriptive epidemiological, trend analysis and spatial-temporal clustering analysis during different immunization strategy periods.

The annual average incidence rate of mumps in Tai’an from 2009 to 2024 showed a general downward trend during the three immunization periods (χ²_trend=4 273.971, P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences (χ²=4 977.100, P<0.001). The trend surface analysis showed that it increased first and then decreased from west to east during three immunization periods. From north to south, the rate decreased and then increased during the 1-dose period, whereas a generally downward trend was observed during the 2-dose period. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that mumps exhibited significant spatial clustering (P<0.001) during three immunization periods. The local autocorrelation analysis showed that the "High-High" clusters were predominantly concentrated in the townships/subdistricts covered by Taishan District, Daiyue District, Mount Tai Scenic Area, and Ningyang County, while the "Low-Low" clusters were mainly distributed in those under Feicheng City and Xintai City during the three immunization periods. The spatiotemporal scanning analysis showed that the main clusters were predominantly located in townships/subdistricts covered by Ningyang County, Taishan District, Daiyue District, and the Mount Tai Scenic Area during the three immunization periods, and this was basically consistent with the "high-high" clusters identified by the local spatial autocorrelation analysis.

The incidence of mumps during different immunization strategy periods exhibited spatial-temporal clustering in Tai’an City. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and early warning for mumps in high-priority regions.

To clarify the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of the incidence of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Shandong Province, to reveal the meteorological driving factors behind it, and to provide reference for its scientific prevention and control.

Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incident reports were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System. Descriptive analysis was used to study the prevalence characteristics of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatio-temporal scanning analysis were performed to explore spatio-temporal aggregation using ArcGIS 10.7 and SaTScan 10.1.2 software, respectively. The influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning was assessed using an optimal parameter geographical detector.

A total of 12 088 cases of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning were reported in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2023, with peak incidence from November to March of the next year each year, and middle-aged and older populations people as the main high-risk groups. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed spatial clustering of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidence rates in both 2020—2022(P<0.05). The southern part of Shandong Province was gradually developing into a new hot spot. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis detected five aggregation zones, of which the primary aggregation zone was mainly concentrated in the northern part of Shandong Province (Nov 2019—Mar 2021, LLR=2 003.71, P<0.001). The results of the optimal parameter geographical detector showed that relative humidity and barometric pressure were important meteorological factors affecting morbidity, with the largest interaction between relative humidity and wind speed.

Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Shandong Province showed seasonal spatiotemporal clustering. It is recommended to strengthen the winter and spring health education work for middle-aged and older populations and other high-risk groups. At the same time, disease prevention and control organizations at all levels should establish good information communication with meteorological and propaganda departments. Early warning of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning accidents in key endemic areas such as northern Shandong Province and southern Shandong Province should be strengthened through these initiatives.

To analyze the relationship between circadian syndrome (CircS), changes in CircS and the progression of frailty, providing a theoretical basis for the early prevention of frailty and the development of interventions.

Based on data from the 2011—2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the frailty index (FI) was constructed using 39 health deficits to examine frailty, and CircS was diagnosed by metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, sleep and depression. Changes in CircS were obtained by comparing the status of CircS in 2011 and 2015. The relationships between CircS, changes in CircS, and the risk of frailty, as well as FI trajectories, were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression and linear mixed-effects models.

In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, CircS was significantly associated with the risk of frailty (HR=1.604, P<0.001). Individuals with abnormal component scores of 6 (HR=2.110, P<0.001) or 7 (HR=3.136, P<0.001) showed a substantial increase in the risk of frailty compared with no CircS. Compared with persistent CircS-free individuals, those newly developing CircS (HR=2.534, P<0.001), and those with persistent CircS (HR=3.681, P<0.001) were at higher risk of frailty. In fully adjusted linear mixed-effects models, FI increased significantly faster in participants with CircS compared with individuals without CircS (β=3.932, P<0.001) and tended to increase significantly as the number of abnormal components increased (P_trend<0.001). Participants with CircS had the greatest increase in FI compared with individuals who were persistently CircS-free (β=5.588, P<0.001). Age (P=0.013) and alcohol consumption (P=0.023) interacted with CircS, but the direction of the effect of CircS on frailty remained consistent across subgroups.

CircS and its changes were positively associated with the progression of frailty among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, underscoring the importance of early identification of CircS and monitoring the changes in CircS to reduce the risk of frailty and mitigate the progression of frailty.

To explore the mediating roles of self-care ability and self-rated health between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms among elderly individuals.

Data from 8 279 participants (≥60 years) in the 2020 CHARLS database were analyzed using correlation and regression to explore the relationship between physical inactivity, self-care ability, self-rated health and depressive symptoms. The chain mediating effect model was used to analyze the multiple mediating effects.

Depressive symptoms prevalence was 40.89% among people aged 60 and above. Physical inactivity (β=0.402, P<0.01), self-care ability (β=-0.186, P<0.001) and self-rated health (β=-1.724, P<0.001) directly predicted depressive symptoms. The simple mediation effects were 0.142 for self-care ability and 0.072 for self-rated health between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms, with a chain mediation effect of 0.056.

Self-care ability and self-rated health have a direct mediating effect and a chain mediating effect between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Enhancing physical activity may improve body functional capacity, self-care ability and health, thereby reducing depressive symptoms risk.