In order to further optimize the allocation of primary health resources, this study analyzed the status quo and equity of primary health resources allocation in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2023.

Using Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Theil index, the equity of primary health resource allocation in Inner Mongolia was measured and analyzed.

In the medical and health resources of all the cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot ranked first. According to the fairness of population allocation, the Gini coefficient ranged from 0.025 9 to 0.155 3，the total Theil index ranged from 0.004 0 to 0.077 3，and the intra-regional variance rates ranged from 61.65% to 93.50%. According to the fairness of geographical area allocation, the Gini coefficient ranged from 0.453 8 to 0.516 5, the total Theil index ranged from 0.256 7 to 0.352 8, and the inter-regional difference rate ranged from 13.12% to 24.93%. According to the fairness of GDP allocation, the Gini coefficient ranged from 0.100 7 to 0.379 2, the total Theil index ranged from 0.096 9 to 0.240 2, and the inter-regional difference rate ranged from 24.56% to 38.06%.

The total amount of primary health resources in Inner Mongolia has achieved continuous growth, but there is a structural imbalance in the allocation of medical human capital. The fairness of allocation according to population and GDP is significantly better than that according to geographical area. The distribution of primary health resources in different cities is uneven, forming a gradient pattern of "central uplift-edge collapse", with noticeable underutilization of primary health resources.