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To analyze the relationship between circadian syndrome (CircS), changes in CircS and the progression of frailty, providing a theoretical basis for the early prevention of frailty and the development of interventions.
Based on data from the 2011—2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the frailty index (FI) was constructed using 39 health deficits to examine frailty, and CircS was diagnosed by metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, sleep and depression. Changes in CircS were obtained by comparing the status of CircS in 2011 and 2015. The relationships between CircS, changes in CircS, and the risk of frailty, as well as FI trajectories, were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression and linear mixed-effects models.
In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, CircS was significantly associated with the risk of frailty (HR=1.604, P<0.001). Individuals with abnormal component scores of 6 (HR=2.110, P<0.001) or 7 (HR=3.136, P<0.001) showed a substantial increase in the risk of frailty compared with no CircS. Compared with persistent CircS-free individuals, those newly developing CircS (HR=2.534, P<0.001), and those with persistent CircS (HR=3.681, P<0.001) were at higher risk of frailty. In fully adjusted linear mixed-effects models, FI increased significantly faster in participants with CircS compared with individuals without CircS (β=3.932, P<0.001) and tended to increase significantly as the number of abnormal components increased (Ptrend<0.001). Participants with CircS had the greatest increase in FI compared with individuals who were persistently CircS-free (β=5.588, P<0.001). Age (P=0.013) and alcohol consumption (P=0.023) interacted with CircS, but the direction of the effect of CircS on frailty remained consistent across subgroups.
CircS and its changes were positively associated with the progression of frailty among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, underscoring the importance of early identification of CircS and monitoring the changes in CircS to reduce the risk of frailty and mitigate the progression of frailty.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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