To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023,providing a scientific basis for its prevention and control.

Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HAV reported in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023 using data from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.

A total of 55 586 cases of HAV were reported in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 14.54 per 100 000. The incidence rate decreased from 31.19 per 100 000 in 2005 to 0.75 per 100 000 in 2023. The regions with the highest incidence rates were Kizilsu (31.45 per 100 000) and Hotan (24.55 per 100 000). The majority of cases were among scattered children (39.70%). The age group with the highest incidence was 0 to 15 years (36.08%). The gender ratio decreased to 1.00 by 2023.

Between 2005 and 2023, the prevention and control measures for HAV in Xinjiang were significantly effective. Continued efforts in vaccination and enhanced comprehensive prevention measures for children are necessary.

To verify the relationship between social participation and cognitive decline in the elderly, and to explore the effects of different types of social participation on cognitive decline based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

A total of 3 016 individuals aged 60 and above, who were followed across all five waves and did not have Alzheimer’s disease, was selected from the database to construct a balanced panel dataset. A fixed-effects Logit model controlling for individual-level characteristics was established.

The prevalence of cognitive decline among the elderly at baseline was 6.4%, which increased to 30.7% by the fifth wave. The proportion of cognitively declined elderly individuals engaging in social participation was 3.2% to 10.5% lower than those not participating. In the fixed-effects Logit analysis, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.575 (95%CI: 0.502-0.658), indicating an impact magnitude of approximately 40%. Among different types of social participation, social engagement significantly affected cognitive decline, with an OR of 0.640 (95%CI: 0.494-0.828).

The government should implement the concept of active aging, improve participation mechanisms, effectively ensure the rights of the elderly to engage in social participation, and encourage their involvement in social activities.

To explore the association between social activities and hypertension in individuals aged ≥ 45 in China, providing new intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the fifth national survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020.Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and indicators of social activities of the study subjects were included. The association between seven types of social activities and hypertension among middle-aged and elderly individuals was analyzed using χ² tests and multivariate logistic regression.

A total of 19 213 middle-aged and elderly individuals were included, comprising 10 159 men and 9 054 women, with a median age of 63 years (ranging from 55 to 70 years). The prevalence of hypertension was 40.08% (7 702/19 213). Logistic regression analysis indicated that after adjusting for all confounding factors, visiting neighbors and socializing with friends (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.01-1.15, P=0.022) and participating in volunteer or charity activities (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.46, P=0.016) were positively associated with the risk of hypertension. Conversely, activities such as dancing, exercising, or practicing Qigong in parks or other venues were negatively associated with the risk of hypertension (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-1.00, P=0.044).

Participation in different social activities is associated with hypertension. It is recommended to encourage middle-aged and elderly individuals to actively engage in health-promoting social activities to reduce the risk of hypertension, thereby providing scientific guidance for achieving “Healthy China 2030”.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of five live attenuated dengue vaccines and one inactivated dengue vaccine using Bayesian network meta-analysis, providing a scientific basis for dengue epidemic prevention and control as well as vaccine development.

A systematic search was conducted in various Chinese and English databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan fang Database, based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy and safety of six dengue vaccines were selected. The quality of the literature was evaluated using RevMan 5.4 software, and Bayesian network meta-analysis of relevant outcome indicators from the included RCTs was performed using R 4.3.1 software.

A total of 20 studies involving 120 909 participants were included. The results of the Bayesian network meta-analysis indicated that the efficacy of three live attenuated vaccines was notable and the ranking from highest to lowest efficacy was as follows: Butantan-DV > TAK-003 > CYD-TDV. Among these, the dengue vaccine combining serotype 4 non-structural genes and serotype 2 structural genes (Butantan-DV) showed the best preventive effect, with a risk probability of dengue infection post-vaccination lower than that of other vaccines (OR=0.22, 95%CI: 0.09-0.45). In terms of safety, the six vaccines showed varying risks of adverse events and ranked as follows: V180 > CYD-TDV > TV003 > TV005 > Butantan-DV > TAK-003. Notably, the inactivated vaccine (V180) presented a higher risk of adverse events (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.02-5.15).

Based on the quantity and quality of the included studies, Butantan-DV exhibited the best efficacy among the three live attenuated vaccines, while CYD-TDV demonstrated the weakest efficacy. TAK-003 showed relatively better safety. The literature on the efficacy of the V180,TV003, and TV005 vaccines is quite limited, suggesting potential directions for future research.

To develop a Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Scale for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and to conduct reliability and validity testing, providing a measurement tool for assessing adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health.

Based on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior theoretical framework, an initial scale was formed through literature review, expert meetings, and preliminary surveys. A convenience cluster sampling method was employed to include 347 middle school students who met the criteria for item analysis and reliability and validity testing, resulting in the formal version of the scale.

The formal scale consists of three dimensions: knowledge, attitude, and behavior, with a total of 33 items. The expert authority coefficient score was 0.89, and Kendall’s W coefficient was 0.478. The content validity at the item level ranged from 0.82 to 1.00, while the content validity at the scale level was 0.93. Confirmatory factor analysis using Amos 24.0 yielded a model χ²/v of 1.831, RMSEA of 0.049, GFI of 0.842, CFI of 0.91,and PGFI of 0.739, indicating good model fit and structural validity. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.914, with dimensionspecific Cronbach’s α values of 0.924, 0.767, and 0.741; the splithalf reliability of the total scale was 0.76. The testretest reliability correlation coefficient (r) for the total scale was 0.717 (P<0.001).

The Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Scale for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used to assess adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health.

To investigate the correlation between the triglyceride glucose product index (TyG) and kidney stones.

Based on the annual health check-up data of employees from a construction company in Hubei in 2022, subjects were divided into kidney stone group (n=854) and non-kidney stone group (n=1 636) according to the presence of kidney stones. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the correlation between the TyG index and the risk of kidney stones.

A total of 2 490 subjects were included in the study. The kidney stone group had higher levels of age, body mass index (BMI), TyG index, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose compared to the non-kidney stone group (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of kidney stones for the 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th quartiles of the TyG index was 1.071 times (OR=1.071, 95%CI: 0.822-1.394, P < 0.612), 1.174 times (OR=1.174, 95%CI: 0.886-1.556, P < 0.263), and 1.851 times (OR=1.851, 95%CI: 1.342-2.553, P < 0.001) that of the first quartile, respectively. Higher TyG index levels were associated with an increased risk of kidney stones (χ²=37.146, P < 0.001), indicating that the TyG index was a risk factor for the occurrence of kidney stones with a significant linear relationship. Subgroup analysis revealed that in overweight and obese populations (OR=1.494, 95%CI: 1.245-1.794, P < 0.001) and in populations with hyperlipidemia (OR=2.047, 95%CI: 1.606-2.61,P < 0.001), the TyG index remained positively correlated with the risk of kidney stones (P < 0.05).

A higher TyG index is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones, and early intervention in insulin resistance may help improve or reduce the incidence risk of kidney stones.

To explore the latent profile categories of economic toxicity in lung cancer patients and their differential characteristics, analyze the relationship between economic toxicity and health-related quality of life, and propose nursing interventions.

A survey was conducted among 218 lung cancer patients receiving treatment at two tertiary hospitals in Luzhou, Sichuan, using a general information questionnaire, the financial toxicity scale for cancer outcomes, the multidimensional social support scale, and the quality-of-life measurement scale for lung cancer patients. Latent profile analysis of economic toxicity was performed, and influencing factors were examined using univariate analysis and logistic regression. The correlation between economic toxicity and health-related quality of life was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients.

A total of 218 lung cancer patients were included, with economic toxicity classified into three categories: moderate economic toxicity risk group (C3), mild economic toxicity group (C2), and no economic toxicity group (C1). Logistic regression results indicated that household savings of >10 000 to 29 999 yuan (OR=28.763, 95%CI: 3.653-226.508), household savings of ≤10 000 yuan (OR=9.753, 95%CI: 2.642-36.003), and loss of employment due to illness (C2 vs. C1: OR=10.763, 95%CI: 2.091-55.394; C3 vs. C1:OR=18.745, 95%CI: 3.579-98.190) were significant influencing factors of economic toxicity in lung cancer patients. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between economic toxicity and overall health-related quality of life scores (r=0.241, P<0.01).

There is significant heterogeneity in the economic toxicity experienced by lung cancer patients. Nurses should develop personalized intervention strategies based on these classification characteristics to identify lung cancer patients at risk of economic toxicity early and alleviate their economic burden, thereby improving their health-related quality of life.

To understand the current state of social isolation among the elderly and its relationship with health-related quality of life, as well as to explore the mediating role of loneliness in this relationship.

A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 349 elderly individuals in Yangzhou using cluster random sampling. Social isolation was measured through three questions regarding social contact, loneliness was assessed using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (short version), and health-related quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to match elderly individuals with and without social isolation in a 1:1 ratio without replacement.The mediating effect of loneliness was tested using Monte Carlo simulation analysis.

A total of 718 elderly individuals were included in the study after matching. Social isolation was negatively correlated with health-related quality of life (β=-0.016, 95%CI: -0.030 to -0.002, P<0.05) and positively correlated with loneliness (β=0.142, 95%CI: 0.047 to 0.237, P<0.01). Loneliness acted as a complete mediator in the pathway between social isolation and health-related quality of life among the elderly (β=-0.005, 95%CI: -0.008 to -0.001, P<0.01), with the indirect effect accounting for 31.25% of the total effect.

Social isolation indirectly affects the health-related quality of life of the elderly by increasing their feelings of loneliness. More opportunities for social participation should be provided to the elderly to reduce their loneliness and, consequently, improve their overall quality of life.

To investigate the current status of radiation protection in medical institutions in Sichuan Province, providing a reference for the scientific management and resource optimization of radiation diagnosis and treatment protection within the province.

A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze medical institutions engaged in radiation diagnosis and treatment activities (excluding dental clinics) across 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan Province.

By the end of 2023, there were 3 424 medical institutions in Sichuan Province conducting radiation diagnosis and treatment, including 280 tertiary institutions (8.18%), 647 secondary institutions (18.90%), 1 104 primary institutions (32.24%), and 1 393 unclassified institutions (40.68%). A total of 31 763 radiation workers were employed. The province had 9 056 radiation diagnosis and treatment devices, with 3 346 in tertiary institutions (36.95%), 2 057 in secondary institutions (22.71%), 1 510 in primary institutions (16.67%), and 2 143 in unclassified institutions (23.67%). The pass rate for initial inspections of sentinel hospital equipment was 96.00%, while the re-inspection pass rate was 97.41%. Devices over 10 years old accounted for 24.70%, those between 5 to 10 years for 62.10%, and those under 5 years for 13.20%. The annual total of radiation diagnosis and treatment visits reached 49.8 897 million. The province had 48 877 pieces of personal protective equipment for radiation, with an average of more than 13 protective items per device in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology. Compared to 2014, the number of institutions conducting radiation diagnosis and treatment increased by 27%, the number of radiation workers grew by 251%, and the frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment activities rose by 215%.

The update of radiation equipment is slow, with most devices in use for 5 to 10 years, indicating a need for improved maintenance and monitoring awareness among medical institutions. All levels of medical institutions meet the requirements for the quantity of radiation protection supplies, and there is sufficient provision of protective items in interventional radiology and nuclear medicine projects. Given the increasing frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended that relevant departments strengthen monitoring of radiation equipment protection to enhance the level of radiation diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions and ensure safe practices in these activities.

To explore a method for monitoring the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage in Shenzhen using digital PCR, enabling real-time detection of viral nucleic acids in sewage and reflecting the epidemiological status of COVID-19 infections in the population through nucleic acid concentration.

A digital PCR detection system for SARS-CoV-2 in sewage was established, and its minimum detection limit was determined. From April to July 2023, 24-hour composite sewage samples were collected twice weekly from the inflow of six sewage treatment plants in Nanshan and Futian districts of Shenzhen. The modified polyethylene glycol precipitation method was used for viral concentration enrichment, followed by quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids using the established reverse transcription digital PCR (RT-dPCR) method. Concurrently, data on COVID-19 infection cases in the monitored sewage areas were collected for correlation analysis with the nucleic acid concentrations in the sewage.

The RT-dPCR method for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection was successfully established, with a minimum detection limit of 1.00 copies/μl. A total of 162 sewage samples were collected from April to July 2023, with a positive detection rate of 96.3% for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in Nanshan district ranged from 1.00×10³ to 1.08×10⁶ copies/L, while in Futian district it ranged from 1.44×10³ to 1.40×10⁶ copies/L, with peak concentrations observed on May 16. Correlation analysis indicated a significant association between sewage SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid concentrations and the number of COVID-19 infection cases in the population (Nanshan district r=0.77, P<0.001; Futian district r=0.80, P<0.001).

The digital PCR method is suitable for the quantitative detection of low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in sewage, allowing for real-time monitoring of the COVID-19 epidemic, thus providing a scientific basis for public health management and intervention.