To conduct molecular surveillance and evolutionary analysis of avian influenza virus (AIV) in air samples collected from the live poultry wholesale market in Changsha, providing laboratory data for the prevention and control of human AIV infections.

Air samples were collected from poultry stalls in live poultry wholesale market in Changsha. AIV nucleic acid detection and nucleotide sequencing were performed. The sequencing results were analyzed using BLAST, key amino acid (aa) residue alignment, and nucleotide evolutionary analysis.

All 27 air samples from the live poultry wholesale market tested positive for AIV nucleic acid (100% positivity rate). Two AIV nucleotide sequences (CS17 and CS11) were obtained. For CS17, the HA and NA genes exhibited the highest nucleotide similarities to A/duck/Bangladesh/38285/2019(H11N3)(98.47%) and A/mallard/South Korea/JB21-58/2019 (H5N3) (98.94%), respectively. For CS11, the HA and NA genes showed the highest nucleotide similarities to A/environment/Fujian/EV01/2020(H11N3)(95.34%) and A/duck/Wenzhou/771/2013 (H7N3) (95.30%), respectively. Internal gene analysis revealed that CS17 originated from H3N8, H4N6, H3N2, and H6N1 viruses, while CS11 was derived from H7N9, H3N2, and related viruses. Both CS17 and CS11 were identified as H11N3 subtype AIV (abbreviated as H11N3-CS17 and H11N3-CS11, respectively).The H11N3-CS17, H11N3-CS11, and 101 H11N3 strains (retrieved from GISAID) exhibited conserved molecular features in their HA proteins. All strains retained a single basic amino acid (aa) at the HA cleavage site and preserved Q/G residues at the receptor-binding sites. No critical mutations were observed at R293K (NA protein), S31N (M2 protein), E627K, or D701N (PB2 protein), nor deletions in the 69-73 (NA protein) or 218-230 (NS1 protein) regions. Notably, specific mutations were identified: L89V (PB2 protein), and N30D and T215A (M1 protein). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the HA and NA genes of both strains belonged to the Eurasian lineage. H11N3-CS17 clustered into a subclade with H11N3 viruses from ducks in Bangladesh and Japan, while H11N3-CS11 formed a subclade with H11N3 viruses from domestic ducks and live poultry market environments in China.

Two H11N3 subtype AIV strains were identified in air samples from the live poultry wholesale market in Changsha. These strains exhibited molecular features of low pathogenicity and avian receptor specificity but displayed distinct genetic reassortment and evolutionary subclades, warranting further surveillance.

To understand the health care providers’ willingness to recommend nasal spray influenza vaccine and the influencing factors, and to provide suggestions for formulating an immunization service strategy for the nasal spray influenza vaccine.

From March to May 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to conduct an online questionnaire survey among 171 health care providers in vaccination clinics in Shanghai, Weifang and Wuhan. We analyzed their willingness to recommend nasal spray influenza, as well as the reasons and influencing factors.

The willingness of Chinese health care providers to recommend the nasal spray influenza vaccine was 83.04%. The more the vaccine and the more they accepted the vaccine, the higher the willingness was (OR=2.71,95% CI:1.50-4.63,P<0.001). The reasons why they were willing to recommend the vaccine were that they believed in its safety, fewer side effects, effectiveness and convenience of vaccination. The main reasons for being unwilling to recommend it were that they lacked the knowledge about the supplier and pricing method of the vaccine, and trust in its safety and effectiveness.

Chinese health care providers have a high willingness to recommend nasal spray influenza vaccine, which is mainly affected by their perception of and acceptance about the vaccine. During the formulation of the vaccine’s immunization service strategy, providing health education and specific training to health care providers may help them understand the market information, safety and effectiveness of the vaccine.

To systematically evaluate the willingness to receive HPV vaccination and influencing factors among college students in China.

Relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, China Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database from the establishment of the databases to March 12, 2025. Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 and RevMan 5.4 to assess the willingness to receive HPV vaccination and influencing factors among college students.

A total of 35 studies involving 62 958 samples were included. The meta-analysis results showed that the willingness rate of college students in China to receive HPV vaccination was 67.0%. Female (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 2.49-4.85), having a history of sexual behavior (OR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.09-3.35), accepting premarital sex (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.04-1.78), having a family history of tumors (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.28-2.23), monthly consumption level≥2 000 yuan (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.22-1.84), knowing about HPV vaccine (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.11-2.77), knowing that HPV vaccine is on the market (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.44-2.03), knowing that HPV infection is related to cervical cancer (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.15-1.81), having someone around who has received HPV vaccine (OR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.66-3.01), and having a high score in the cognition of HPV and its vaccine (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.32-2.62) were identified as promoting factors.

The willingness rate of Chinese college students to receive the HPV vaccine is relatively high, relevant epidemic prevention departments and health institutions should strengthen the professional popularization of HPV vaccine-related knowledge among college students, and try to improve the HPV vaccine vaccination service system and cervical cancer prevention and control service system.

To analyze the information of aquatic products that were not allowed to enter the country from 2019 to 2024, and put forward suggestions for ensuring the quality and safety of imported aquatic products.

The data of aquatic products that were not allowed to enter the country during the period from 2019 to 2024, as published by the General Administration of Customs, were sorted out and analyzed.

Form 2019 - 2024, there were a total of 3 798 batches of aquatic products were not allowed to enter the country; and they involved 62 importing countries and regions, with products from Ecuador accounting for as high as 21.94% of the total.The number of involved production enterprises reached 1 190, among which the enterprises from Vietnam, India, Indonesia, Ecuador and Pakistan accounted for more than 48% of the total.The main types of aquatic products that were not allowed to enter the country were crustaceans (HS0303) and frozen fish (HS0306), accounting for 64.98% of the total.There are 11 reasons for nonconformity, with the top three being inspection and quarantine (35.27%), certificates (27.80%) and food additives (17.52%). There are 7 nonconformity indicators related to food safety, with the top three being food additives (17.60%), quality (4.12%) and heavy metals (2.68%).

From 2019-2024, the number of batches of aquatic products that were not allowed to enter the country showed an overall increasing trend. The source countries, production enterprises, food categories, reasons for non-compliance, and non-compliance items related to food safety of the aquatic products that were not allowed to enter the country showed relatively concentrated distribution characteristics.

To investigate the association between the metabolic syndrome-insulin resistance index (METS-IR) and the risk of kidney stones, as well as its potential threshold effect.

Data were obtained from individuals undergoing health screening at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University in 2022. This cross-sectional study included 80 046 eligible participants. Participants were divided into three tertile groups based on METS-IR levels. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between METS-IR and kidney stone risk. Piecewise linear regression was applied to evaluate the threshold effect, with sex-stratified and multiple subgroup analyses conducted.

The prevalence of kidney stones increased with higher METS-IR tertiles (low: 3.83%, medium: 6.47%, high: 9.91%). After multivariate adjustment, each standard deviation increase in METS-IR was associated with a 20% higher risk of kidney stones in women (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.33) and a 24% higher risk in men (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.18-1.31). Compared with the low METS-IR group, the high METS-IR group had a 41% higher risk in women (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.13-1.74) and a 56% higher risk in men (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.37-1.78), both showing significant dose-response relationships. A clear threshold effect was observed in men (inflection point=43.72, P<0.001), where each 1-unit increase in METS-IR below the inflection point was associated with a 5% higher risk (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.04-1.06), while the association weakened above the inflection point (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02).

METS-IR is significantly associated with kidney stone risk, with a threshold effect observed in men. METS-IR may serve as a potential marker for assessing kidney stone risk, providing a new perspective for early screening and intervention, particularly in high-risk populations at the early stage of metabolic abnormalities.

To describe the clinical characteristics and ATP7B gene mutation spectrum of neurologic Wilson’s disease (WD) patients in southwest China and to explore genotype-phenotype correlations.

A total of 74 patients with neurologic WD admitted to West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University between August 2023 and July 2024 were enrolled. Patient demographics, clinical manifestations, and ATP7B gene mutation features were collected. Patients were stratified by mutation type to analyze associations between p.R778L, p.P992L, and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations and common initial symptoms or age at onset. Group comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-square tests, or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.

The median age at onset among 74 neurologic WD patients was 17.0 years (15.0, 25.8). The most common initial symptoms were tremor (67.6%) and dysarthria (36.5%). At enrollment, the predominant clinical manifestations were dystonia (77.0%), dysarthria (75.7%) and tremor (74.3%), with 44 patients having progressed to cirrhosis. Significant age or gender-related differences were observed in both initial and current symptoms. Genetic analysis revealed that the most frequent pathogenic mutations were p.R778L (28.08%) and p.P992L (18.49%). A total of 44 distinct pathogenic mutation combinations were detected, with the most common being p.R778L/p.R778L (11.3%) and p.R778L/p.P992L (9.9%). Genotype-phenotype analysis showed that LOF mutations were associated with earlier age at onset and dysarthria. No statistically significant correlations were found between p.R778L, p.P992L mutations and clinical phenotypes.

Neurologic WD patients exhibit significant clinical heterogeneity. p.R778L and p.P992L are the most common pathogenic mutations, while LOF mutations correlate with earlier age at onset and dysarthria. Clinicians should remain vigilant toward diverse initial symptoms and multi-system involvement in neurologic WD patients, emphasize individualized treatment strategies, and prioritize ATP7B gene testing to optimize precision diagnosis.

To investigate the relationship between the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHHR) and new-onset stroke in different glucose metabolism states, and to provide new perspectives on stroke prevention and treatment.

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a total of 8 567 participants were selected to participate in five surveys in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020. First, the cumulative risk of stroke onset was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method based on NHHR quartile groupings, and the Log-rank test was used to compare differences between groups. Second, the association between NHHR and new-onset stroke in the total population and in individuals with different glucose metabolic status was analyzed using Cox proportional risk regression models, and interaction analyses were performed.

A total of 745 (8.4%) participants had a new stroke during the 9-year follow-up period. The incidence of stroke in the NHHR quartiles from Q1 to Q4 groups was 6.1%, 8.2%, 9.4%, and 11.1%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference in cumulative incidence risk of stroke among the different NHHR groups (P<0.05). Cox regression modeling showed that the risk of stroke was increased by 34%, 56%, and 75% in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups, respectively, compared with Q1 group, with HR and 95% CI of 1.34 (1.07-1.68), 1.56 (1.25-1.95), and 1.75 (1.41-2.18). In prediabetic and diabetic patients, elevated NHHR increased the risk of stroke onset, whereas the association was not observed in the normoglycemic group, and there was a significant interaction between NHHR and glucose metabolic status (P=0.020).

NHHR is positively associated with the risk of new stroke and shows different characteristics in different glycaemic states.

To investigate the associations between serum liver enzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

Based on the baseline data of the West China Health and Aging Cohort, a total of 7 422 participants aged 60 years and above without liver diseases were selected in this study. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between serum liver enzymes and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke.

Logistic regression models showed that compared with the lowest serum ALT level group, the highest group had a higher risk of CAD (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74). Restricted cubic spline models showed no nonlinear association between serum ALP, ALT, AST, and GGT and the risk of CAD (P_nonlinearity=0.796,0.122, 0.583, and 0.424, respectively). For stroke, the risk in the highest serum ALP level group was higher compared with the lowest group (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.58); additionally, each one-unit increase in log₁₀ALP was associated with a higher risk of stroke (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.01-4.47). Restricted cubic spline models showed no nonlinear association between serum ALP,ALT, AST, and GGT and stroke (P_nonlinearity=0.595, 0.669, 0.809, and 0.907, respectively).

Higher serum liver enzymes may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the Chinese older adults.

To analyze the relationship between circadian syndrome (CircS), changes in CircS and the progression of frailty, providing a theoretical basis for the early prevention of frailty and the development of interventions.

Based on data from the 2011—2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the frailty index (FI) was constructed using 39 health deficits to examine frailty, and CircS was diagnosed by metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, sleep and depression. Changes in CircS were obtained by comparing the status of CircS in 2011 and 2015. The relationships between CircS, changes in CircS, and the risk of frailty, as well as FI trajectories, were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression and linear mixed-effects models.

In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, CircS was significantly associated with the risk of frailty (HR=1.604, P<0.001). Individuals with abnormal component scores of 6 (HR=2.110, P<0.001) or 7 (HR=3.136, P<0.001) showed a substantial increase in the risk of frailty compared with no CircS. Compared with persistent CircS-free individuals, those newly developing CircS (HR=2.534, P<0.001), and those with persistent CircS (HR=3.681, P<0.001) were at higher risk of frailty. In fully adjusted linear mixed-effects models, FI increased significantly faster in participants with CircS compared with individuals without CircS (β=3.932, P<0.001) and tended to increase significantly as the number of abnormal components increased (P_trend<0.001). Participants with CircS had the greatest increase in FI compared with individuals who were persistently CircS-free (β=5.588, P<0.001). Age (P=0.013) and alcohol consumption (P=0.023) interacted with CircS, but the direction of the effect of CircS on frailty remained consistent across subgroups.

CircS and its changes were positively associated with the progression of frailty among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, underscoring the importance of early identification of CircS and monitoring the changes in CircS to reduce the risk of frailty and mitigate the progression of frailty.

To explore the impact of psychological resilience and various types of social participation, as well as their interaction, on cognitive impairment in older adults.

This study utilized data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Healthy and Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Analyses were conducted using χ² tests, logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and additive interaction models.

Cognitive impairment was observed in 1 421 elderly individuals (19.46%). Risk factors for cognitive impairment included lack of domestic participation (OR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.48-2.02), lack of socialization (OR=1.75,95% CI: 1.45-2.11), lack of leisure activities (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.52-2.28), and low psychological resilience (OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.35-1.84). Among elderly individuals with low psychological resilience, non-linear dose-response relationships were observed between three types of social participation and cognitive impairment (P-overall<0.01, P-nonlinear<0.01). An additive interaction between low psychological resilience and lack of social participation in cognitive impairment was identified. Using elderly individuals with high psychological resilience and corresponding types of social participation as the control group, the risk of cognitive impairment for elderly individuals with low psychological resilience and no domestic, no socialization, or no leisure activities was 3.13 (OR=3.13, 95% CI: 2.51-3.91) times, 2.77 (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 2.06-3.72) times, and 3.75 (OR=3.75, 95% CI: 2.93-4.81) times higher, respectively, compared to the control group.

Lack of social participation, low psychological resilience, and their interactions increase the risk of cognitive impairment, suggesting that comprehensively enhancing both psychological resilience and social participation in older adults may improve cognitive function.