Objective Based on the Python platform, the entire process of vector-borne infectious disease mathematical models is expanded to better fit models and evaluate intervention effects, to provide new ideas for grassroots prevention and control, and to open up new perspectives. Methods The SmEmIm-SpEpIpApRp model was fitted using the lmfit library, solved with the solve_ivp function, and sensitivity analysis of key model parameters was performed. The Rt calculation was based on the next generation matrix method, and all results were visually displayed with the help of Matplotlib. Results The results showed that R²=0.98 and RMSE=2.07. Rt was 5.607 in the early stage of the epidemic, and Rt_peak was 8.439 on day 41. The period with Rt>1 lasted 81 days, and q had the highest sensitivity (S=35.435). Under a single intervention, when β_mp and β_pm<0.01, Rt<1 and the epidemic disappeared. Controlling only γ and q would not eliminate the epidemic. Under comprehensive intervention, Scenario 1 could reduce the cumulative cases by 98.64%, and Rt_peak=0.868. Scenario 2 could reduce the cumulative cases by 87.95%,and Rt_peak=1.988. For Scenario 3, Rt_peak=4.78. Although the increase in Rt was smaller and the change rate was low, the longer duration could increase cumulative cases by 161.47%. Scenario 4 could reduce the cumulative cases by 99.38%, and Rt_peak=0.28. Conclusions The high goodness of fit of the model based on the Python platform verifies the necessity of seasonal dynamic modeling, provides an integrated solution for the prevention and control of vector-borne infectious diseases, expands the practical boundaries of theoretical models, and opens a new perspective for precise prevention and control at the grassroots level.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of anemia and anemia exacerbation in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) during antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as the impact of anemia on the prognosis of PLWHA. Methods This retrospective cohort study collected baseline and follow-up data for PLHIV who initiated ART at a specialized infectious-disease hospital in Guangzhou from February 10, 2004 to March 29, 2019. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the factors influencing anemia during long-term ART in PLWHA without anemia at baseline. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze both the influencing factors of anemia exacerbation in those with baseline anemia and the impact of baseline anemia and follow-up anemia on the prognosis. Results There were 11 688 PLWHA, of whom 3 853(32.97%) had anemia at baseline. Among 7 835 PLWHA without anemia at baseline, 1 695 (21.63%) developed anemia during the follow-up. Among 3 470 PLWHA with mild or moderate anemia at baseline, 845 (24.35%) had anemia exacerbation during the follow-up. Risk factors for follow-up anemia in PLWHA included being female, aged ≥50 years at ART initiation, being married/cohabiting, being divorced/separated/widowed, blood transmission, baseline opportunistic infections, higher number of baseline clinical symptoms, the initial ART regimen containing Zidovudine (AZT), CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL, and abnormal serum creatinine. Risk factors for anemia exacerbation included being female, being married/cohabiting, being divorced/separated/widowed, an interval of ≥6 months from diagnosis to ART initiation, ≥2 categories of baseline clinical symptoms, an initial ART regimen containing AZT, and abnormal serum creatinine. The risk of death in PLWHA without anemia at baseline but developing anemia during the follow-up was 5.02 times (95% CI: 2.45-10.27) than that among those without anemia at both baseline and during the follow-up. The risk of death with anemia at both baseline and during the follow-up was 6.00 times (95%CI: 3.04-11.85) than that among those without anemia at both baseline and during the follow-up. Conclusion Follow-up anemia and anemia exacerbation during ART are affected by multiple factors. Baseline anemia and follow-up anemia are important risk factors for the prognosis of PLWHA. Anemia screening for high-risk groups should be strengthened to strive for early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment, thereby reducing the risk of death of PLWHA.

Objective To investigate the association between the dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), thereby providing a theoretical basis for preventing MetS through dietary modulation of the gut microbiome. Methods Data from 17 558 adults participating in the 2007—2018 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed, with MetS determined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. The DI-GM score was constructed based on 14 food items or nutrients obtained from two 24 hour dietary recalls. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between DI-GM and MetS, and subgroup as well as sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results In the fully adjusted model, the risk of MetS decreased with increasing DI-GM scores (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.98). Specifically, individuals in the highest DI-GM quartile (Q4) had an 18% lower risk of MetS than those in the lowest quartile (OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.95). RCS analysis indicated a linear inverse dose-response relationship between DI-GM and MetS (P for nonlinear=0.185). Subgroup analyses showed the inverse association was stronger in females, non-Hispanic Black individuals, and those with higher education levels(P for interaction<0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the results(OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). Conclusion This study demonstrates that maintaining a diet favorable to gut microbiota health can reduce the risk of MetS. These findings suggest that improving dietary patterns to modulate the gut microbiome may offer a novel strategy for the prevention and management of MetS.

Objective To examine the relationship between body roundness index (BRI) and depression risk in individuals with hyperlipidemia. Methods Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005—2018, including 20 492 adults with hyperlipidemia. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to analyze the association between BRI and depressive status. Results Multivariable analysis revealed a significant U-shaped relationship between BRI and depression risk (P=0.002), with an inflection point at 3.15. For BRI<3.15, each unit increase in BRI was associated with a 33% decrease in depression risk (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.88, P=0.004 3). For BRI≥3.15, each unit increase in BRI was associated with a 7% increase in depression risk (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.09, P<0.000 1). In tertile analysis, the highest BRI tertile showed a 30% increased risk of depression compared to the lowest tertile(OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.13-1.49, P=0.000 2). Conclusion There is a U-shaped relationship between BRI and depression risk in individuals with hyperlipidemia, suggesting that both excessively low and high BRI values may increase the risk of depression.Large prospective cohort studies are needed to validate these findings.

Objective To describe the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict its trend between 2022 and 2035, and to provide a basis for the formulation of related prevention and control policies. Methods According to the relevant data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the burden of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality for type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity were comparatively analyzed in China and globally using the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC). Changes in DALYs and mortality burden in China were analyzed using decomposition analysis, and trends were predicted by a Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Results Compared with 1990, DALYs, mortality, age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), and age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR) for type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity increased in China in 2021, and the burden was lower than the global level. The EAPC values for ASDR and ASMR in China were 0.63% and 0.02%, respectively, indicating stable trends. Older adults and females experienced a more severe burden. Aging and population growth were significant driving factors for changes in the burden of DALYs and mortality in China. It was predicted that from 2022 to 2035,ASDR for males and females in China would show an upward trend, with ASMR exhibiting a downward trend. Conclusion To reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to low physical activity, more proactive and comprehensive interventions should be developed to increase the level of physical activity in the entire population, especially for older adults and females.

Objective To explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China and its macro influencing factors, and to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of TB prevention and control measures. Methods The data of tuberculosis incidence in China from 2011 to 2020 were collected. A two-stage distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was constructed to assess the lag effect and nonlinear relationship of meteorological factors on TB incidence, and a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal model was used to analyze the relationship between population, economic factors, health services, and TB incidence. Results TB incidence in China was on a downward trend, with spatial clustering, and there were intensifying hotspots (Sichuan Province) and persistent hotspots(Liaoning Province, Shaanxi Province). The attributable fractions of low temperature(<6.7 ℃), low relative humidity(<55.59%), high wind speed(>3.00 m/s), and short sunshine duration(<2.7 hours) were 14.44%, 5.75%, 3.30%, and 7.88%, respectively. The urbanization rate(RR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.007-1.012) and the night light index (RR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.007-1.013) were positively correlated with TB incidence, while the number of hospital beds(RR=0.996, 95% CI: 0.994-0.998) and the proportion of elderly population (RR=0.973, 95% CI: 0.969-0.979) were negatively correlated with it. Conclusion The TB incidence in China has generally shown a downward trend. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of hotspots, and the monitoring of macro influencing factors should be strengthened to take intervention measures as early as possible.

Objective To observe the effects of oxygen enrichment on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate in plateau migrants. Methods Oxygen-enriched rooms were created at altitudes of 4 200 m and 5 100 m using different enclosed spaces, maintaining oxygen volume percentages at approximately 25% and 27%, respectively. Changes in blood oxygen saturation and heart rate at different time points before and after oxygen enrichment were compared among subjects. Results Achieving 25%and 27% oxygen concentrations in various enclosed spaces at 4 200 m and 5 100 m required total oxygen volumes of 200-3 840 L, with average oxygen consumption of 32-88.7 L/m³, and maintenance oxygen flow rates of 2-18 L/min. Compared with baseline levels, subjects exhibited significantly increased blood oxygen saturation (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and significantly decreased heart rate (P<0.05 or P<0.01) after oxygen enrichment. Conclusion At 4 200 m and 5 100 m altitudes, increasing oxygen concentrations to 25% and 27%, respectively, can elevate blood oxygen saturation levels and effectively reduce heart rate in subjects. For constructing high-altitude oxygen-enriched rooms, smaller and well-sealed spaces are recommended.

Objective To investigate the effects of spicy diet on male semen quality. Methods This study recruited male volunteers from Chongqing and Puyang, analyzed the impact of spicy diets on male semen quality, and further conducted a stratified analysis by region to verify the stability of the conclusions. Logistic regression evaluated spicy diet’s association with abnormal semen quality (normal/abnormal classification). Results A total of 2 128 subjects were included in the study (1 394 from Puyang and 779 from Chongqing). Linear mixed-effects model analysis revealed that duration of chili consumption was positively correlated with semen volume(β=0.05, 95% CI: 0.01-0.09, P=0.012), sperm concentration (β=1.64, 95% CI:0.35-2.93, P=0.013), total sperm count (β=6.89, 95% CI: 0.89-12.89, P=0.024), progressive motility (β=1.22, 95% CI: 0.75-1.69, P<0.001), VCL (β=0.73, 95% CI: 0.36-1.11, P<0.001), BCF (β=0.24, 95% CI: 0.15-0.32, P<0.001), STR (β=1.31, 95%CI: 0.73-1.90, P<0.001), WOB (β=0.91, 95% CI: 0.22-1.61, P=0.010), and normal morphology rate (β=0.34, 95% CI: 0.18-0.50, P<0.001), while negatively correlated with head defect rate (β=-1.11, 95% CI: -1.54~-0.67, P<0.001) and neck defect rate (β=-1.20, 95% CI: -1.62~-0.77, P<0.001). Weekly frequency of chili consumption showed positive correlations with sperm concentration (β=2.48, 95% CI: 0.05-4.92, P=0.046) and progressive motility (β=1.06, 95% CI: 0.18-1.94, P=0.019). Monthly frequency of chili consumption was positively associated with VSL (β=0.82, 95% CI: 0.32-1.31, P=0.001) and VAP (β=0.85, 95% CI: 0.25-1.46, P=0.006). Both duration and weekly frequency of chili consumption exhibited dose-response protective effects on semen quality, showing progressively decreasing risks of abnormal semen quality with increasing consumption duration and frequency (P_trend<0.001 and 0.042, respectively). Those who had maintained a spicy diet for more than 3 years had a reduced risk of abnormal semen quality. Conclusion Spicy diet is associated with improved semen quality, with long-term consumption potentially reducing abnormality risk.

Objective Aging is a common starting point for many diseases, and homeostatic dysregulation (HD) is an important intervention indicator of aging. This study investigates the association between Tibetan noodle consumption and HD. Methods Using baseline survey data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study (CMEC), HD was constructed on the basis of clinical biomarkers and anthropometric indices. Dietary information was obtained from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to explore the association between Tibetan noodle consumption and HD.Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, age, and BMI to explore the heterogeneity of the association effect. Results A total of 4 485 study participants were included. Compared with non-consumption of Tibetan noodles, a weekly consumption frequency of more than 7 times was associated with lower HD (β=-0.304, 95% CI: -0.593~-0.015). Similarly, a weekly intake exceeding 1 050 grams of Tibetan noodles demonstrated reduced HD (β=-0.130, 95% CI: -0.245~-0.014). Additionally, sex might act as a potential effect modifier. Conclusion Tibetan noodle consumption was inversely associated with HD, suggesting that consumption of Tibetan noodles, a specialty diet, has potential value in improving HD and slowing down aging.

Objective To explore the association between intergenerational continuity of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and preschoolers’ cognitive performance to provide evidence for promoting healthy cognitive development in preschoolers. Methods A total of 450 children aged 3-6 years from 9 kindergartens in the rural area of Wuhu, Anhui Province were selected to enter the survey on cognitive development. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) and an investigator-designed questionnaire were employed to measure maternal ACEs and children ACEs, respectively. The Chinese version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth edition (WPPSI-IV) was conducted to assess participants’cognitive performance. Results The detection rate was 26.7% for neither maternal nor child ACEs exposure, 18.9% for only maternal ACEs exposure, 31.6% for only child ACEs exposure, and 22.9% for both maternal and child ACEs exposure (intergenerational continuity of ACEs). Compared to children in neither maternal nor child ACEs exposure group, cognitive performance was significantly worse in children with intergenerational continuity of ACEs (103.92±10.00 vs 100.94±10.01, P=0.001). After adjusting for covariates, linear regression models showed that intergenerational continuation of ACEs was significantly associated with a 3.34-point reduction in offspring cognitive performance (95% CI: -6.54~-0.14, P=0.04). Conclusion Intergenerational continuity of ACEs is associated with cognitive impairment in preschoolers.