To analyze the design flaws and statistical issues present in medical papers submitted to core domestic journals, and to explore strategies for improving the quality of medical papers and submission acceptance rates.

A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on submissions to domestic core medical journals between January 2021 and December 2023. Quantitative empirical and qualitative analyses were performed.

A total of 306 clinical medicine research papers and 328 basic medicine research papers were included in the analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the acceptance rates between these two categories (P<0.001), while no significant difference was found concerning the acceptance rates of papers supported by different levels of funding (P>0.05). Observational studies constituted 71.40% of all submissions; however, their acceptance rate was lower than that of experimental studies (43.75% vs. 53.66%, P<0.05). Various deficiencies were identified in the methodological design and statistical analysis reporting of the manuscripts. The main issues included unclear description of study design types, inadequate matching between groups, insufficient modeling and validation, neglect of sample size calculation, and errors in result reporting.

Significant flaws exist in the research design and statistical analysis reporting of medical manuscripts, with a considerable gap compared to internationally recognized medical reporting standards. Hospitals and medical schools should strengthen training in the latest medical research standards and statistical knowledge to improve the quality of academic papers and enhance research outcomes.

To explore the mediating effect of physical function and nutritional status between sleep quality and frailty in rural elderly people based on Gobbens frailty integration model.

From July to September 2023, multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select the elderly aged ≥60 years old in rural areas of Xinjiang, and questionnaire survey and body measurement were used to investigate the study. AMOS 28.0 software was used to establish the structural equation model (SEM) and test the mediating effect.

(1) Frailty scores of the rural elderly were 40.00 (34.00,46.00), sleep quality scores were 7.00 (5.00,9.00), physical function scores were 9.00 (7.00,10.00), nutrition scores were 13.00 (12.00,14.00); (2) The score of sleep quality of the rural elderly was positively correlated with the score of frailty, and negatively correlated with the score of physical function and nutritional status (r=0.405, -0.222, -0.125, P<0.001). The score of physical function was negatively correlated with the score of frailty, and positively correlated with the score of nutritional status (r= -0.220, 0.216, P<0.001). Frailty score was positively correlated with nutritional status score (r= -0.071, P=0.024); (3) Physical function and nutritional status played a mediating role between sleep quality and frailty, accounting for 15.76% of the total effect.

Physical function status and nutritional status play an intermediary role in the sleep quality and frailty of the rural elderly. Through early identification of sleep problems, physical function status and nutritional status can be improved, delaying or even reversing the occurrence of frailty.

To explore the causal relationship between left and right handgrip strength and the onset of cognitive decline, providing a reference for developing strategies to prevent cognitive decline in the elderly.

Genome-wide data for left and right handgrip strength were obtained from the UK Biobank, while genome-wide data for cognitive function were sourced from a meta-analysis conducted by the Cognitive Genomics Consortium. The study employed three regression models: Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and Weighted Median, to conduct Mendelian randomization analyses on the causal relationship between left and right handgrip strength and cognitive function.

The IVW model results demonstrated a positive causal relationship between right handgrip strength (β=0.08, 95% CI: 0.03-0.14, P=0.004), left handgrip strength (β=0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.14, P=0.017), and cognitive function.

The findings of this study support a positive causal relationship between left-hand grip strength, right-hand grip strength, and cognitive function.

To analyze the associated factors affecting depressive symptoms in middle school students and to construct a risk prediction line graph model to assess the risk of developing depressive symptoms in middle school students.

A total of 1 088 middle school students were selected to participate in the monitoring and intervention project of common diseases and health influencing factors in Zhongmu County, Zhengzhou City, using the information collected from the questionnaires. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors that influenced the occurrence of depressive symptoms, and a column graph was established to predict the risk of depressive symptoms in middle school students.

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students reached 28.50%. Female students (OR=2.051,95% CI：1.475-2.851), living in school (OR=1.496,95% CI：1.069-2.093), abnormal family (OR=1.615,95% CI：1.013-2.530), beaten and scolded by parents within one month (OR=3.516,95% CI：2.159-5.726), smoking (OR=2.044,95CI：1.298-3.219), serious injury within one year (OR=2.576,95CI：1.225-5.417), bullying(OR=3.276,95CI：1.113-9.643), internet addiction (OR=7.421,95CI：4.624-11.909) can increase the risk of depressive symptoms in middle school students. Average daily fruit intake in a week (<1time/day: OR=0.513,95% CI：0.306-0.863; ≥1time/day: OR=0.500,95% CI：0.290-0.863), reduce the risk of depressive symptoms in middle school students. The Nomogram model based on the above factors had good differentiation (AUC=0.752) and accuracy (Hosmer-Lemeshow test result χ²=3.657, P>0.05).

Middle school students who are girls, live in school, abnormal families, beaten by parents within one month, seriously hurt within one year, smoking, bullying and Internet addiction are more likely to have depressive symptoms. The column-chart can be used to predict the risk of depression symptoms in middle school students effectively, so as to take timely intervention measures for high-risk groups.

To translate the Chinese version of Personal Experience Scale (PECK-SF) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity in primary and secondary school students in China.

The Chinese version of PECK-SF was used to investigate the bullying victimization of 10 250 primary and secondary school students over 9 years old, and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted respectively. The Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and the School Connectedness Scale (SCS) were used as criterion scales.

Item analysis showed that the scores of all items in Chinese version of PECK-SF were significantly positively correlated with the total score of the scale (r=0.548-0.704, P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 4-factor cumulative variance explanation rate was 64.709%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale fitting index was good (RMSEA=0.066, RMR=0.009, GFI=0.952, AGFI=0.929, CFI=0.941). The Chinese version of PECK-SF total scale and score by each dimension were positively correlated with CES-DC scores (r=0.273-0.492, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with SCS scores (r= -0.198——0.347, P<0.001). The Cronbach’s α coefficient of this scale is 0.879, and the split-half reliability is 0.764.

The Chinese version of PECK-SF has good reliability and validity and can be used as a bullying victimization assessment tool for primary and secondary school students over 9 years old.

To investigate the effect of sleep quality on suicide risk among medical students and the role of depression and academic stress in the relationship.

A questionnaire survey of 3 521 current medical students was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleepiness Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Academic Stress Score. SPSS 26.0 was applied for descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis of the data, and PROCESS plug-in was used for the moderated mediation test.

Sleep quality index positively predicted suicide risk（β=0.315）; depression partially mediated the association between sleep quality and suicide risk (β=0.233, 95% CI: 0.174-0.297), with a mediating effect accounting for 74.19% of the total effect; academic stress moderated the first half path of the mediation model (β=0.093), i.e., moderated the effect of sleep quality on depression.

Sleep quality increases the risk of suicide among medical students by affecting depression; reducing academic stress reduces the effect of sleep quality on depression among medical students.

To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of complication risk perception in inpatient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A total of 400 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in three tertiary-level hospitals in Tangshan city from August 2023 to January 2024 were randomly selected and included in the whole group. General information questionnaire, Risk Perception Survey-Diabetes Mellitus, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire were used for investigation. Using multi-categorical logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors.

Inpatients with type 2 diabetes could be divided into high confidence low disease risk perception group (40.25%), appropriate risk perception group (40%), and high concern high disease risk perception group (19.75%). Multi-categorical logistic regression analysis showed that high disease perception score(OR=0.808, 95% CI:0.762-0.858)was a protective factor for the high confidence low disease risk perception group, high psychological resilience score(OR=1.159, 95% CI:1.087-1.235)was a risk factor for the high confidence low disease risk perception group; educational attainment of college and above (OR=23.567, 95% CI:2.807-198.242),havingdiabetes complications(OR=3.408,95% CI:1.315-8.834), high disease perception score (OR=1.320, 95% CI:1.202-1.451)were risk factors for the high concern high disease risk perception group, the main access to diabetes knowledge was healthcare professionals(OR=0.101, 95% CI:0.029-0.355)and high psychological resilience score (OR=0.817, 95% CI:0.747-0.894)were protective factors for the high concern high disease risk perception group.

Perceived risk of complications in inpatients with type 2 diabetes can be categorized into 3 classes, and there are obvious classification characteristics among groups. Healthcare professionals can implement precise measures for different categories of patients to improve their level of perceived risk of complications.

To investigate the association between blood and urine biomarkers and genetic risks of primary glaucoma using Mendelian randomization analysis.

This study utilized summary data from large - scale genome-wide association studies to extract eligible instrumental variables and primarily employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method for analysis. The results were validated through Cochran’s Q statistic, MR - Egger regression intercept, MR - PRESSO, and the leave - one - out method.

MR analysis showed that the total protein (IVW: OR=1.399, 95% CI: 1.000-1.958, P=0.049), glycated hemoglobin (IVW: OR=0.650, 95% CI: 0.512-0.824, P<0.001), and glucose (IVW: OR=0.587, 95% CI: 0.368-0.938, P=0.026) were causally related to primary glaucoma. Reverse MR analysis further found a causal relationship between primary angle - closure glaucoma and total protein (IVW: OR=0.990, 95% CI: 0.980-0.999, P=0.045), indicating a bidirectional causal relationship between total protein and primary angle - closure glaucoma. The results were validated without finding heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.

Total protein may be a potential risk factor for primary angle - closure glaucoma, while glycated hemoglobin and glucose may serve as protective factors against primary open -angle glaucoma. Total protein and albumin are potential biomarkers for primary angle -closure glaucoma. This study provides information on biomarkers that can be further investigated, offering new insights and strategies for the early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prevention of glaucoma.

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of student TB patients in the province and analyze their spatial aggregation, 2018-2023, and to further optimize the TB prevention and control measures in schools in the province, as well as to provide scientific reference bases for the relevant departments to formulate practical and effective TB prevention and control policies in schools.

From the “Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System”, the case data of tuberculosis patients whose current address was within the counties (cities and districts) under the jurisdiction of Guizhou Province and whose occupations were students from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2023 were derived according to the date of onset, and the epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of tuberculosis among students were analyzed by using Excel 2010, SPSS 26 0 and Arc GIS 10 7 software, SPSS 26.0 and Arc GIS 10.7 software to organize and analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of students' tuberculosis.

There were 23 699 cases of tuberculosis among students in Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023, with an average annual registration rate of 40.67/100 000, showing a decreasing trend (trend χ²=1 244, P<0.001). The registration time was mainly concentrated in March-April and August-September each year; the regional distribution was mainly concentrated in Bijie City, Qiandongnan Prefecture, and Zunyi City; the age was mainly 15-19 years old (60.15%); the source of the patients was the largest proportion of referrals (40.08%), and the diagnostic results were mainly pathogenetically negative (65.80%), and the overall delayed rate of consultation for student TB patients during 2018-2023 was 49.01%.The global Moran's I values of student TB registration rates in Guizhou Province during 2018-2023 were all >0, ranging from 0.135 to 0.221, and all were statistical significance (P<0.05). The results of local autocorrelation analysis showed that there were different types of aggregation in the province's aggregation zones in each year, and the number of “high-high” aggregation zones in 2018-2023 were: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4, and the number of “low-low” aggregation zones were: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, and 4, respectively. The number of “high-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 4, the number of “low-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 18, 15, 11, 9, 4, 5, the number of “high-low” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, the number of “low-high” agglomerations in 2018-2023 are: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1.

Guizhou Province, the student tuberculosis patient registration rate is a year-on-year decline in the trend of three inter-distribution is obvious, and the student tuberculosis patient registration non-uniform distribution between areas, and there is obvious spatial aggregation. It is recommended to strengthen active detection in schools, to strengthen health education, and to increase the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools in areas of aggregation.

The exact causal association between dietary intake and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unclear, and this study used two-sample, two-way Mendelian randomization (MR) to conduct causal association analyses between them.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with dietaryintake were extracted from the pooled data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as instrumental variables (IV). Causal associations between dietary intake and ADHD were analyzed using the TwoSampleMR package in R software. The main methods used included inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger and weighted median tests. Cochran’Q, MR-Egger, and the "leave-one-out" method were used for heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, and sensitivity analysis, respectively.

The IVW results showed that avocado (OR=0.309, 95% CI: 0.132-0.719), celery (OR=0.503, 95%CI: 0.380-0.905), mutton/lamb (OR=0.349, 95% CI: 0.170-0.715), shellfish (OR=0.083, 95% CI: 0.011-0.638), grapefruit (OR=0.175, 95% CI: 0.043-0.711) and oily fish (OR=0.687, 95% CI: 0.492-0.960) were negatively associated with the development of ADHD, and naan bread (OR=4.109, 95% CI: 1.079-15.648), average weekly intake of spirits (OR=3.320, 95% CI: 1.419-7.767), intake of artificial sweetener added to cereal (OR=5.064, 95% CI: 1.507-17.017), and standard Tea (OR=1.004, 95% CI: 1.002-1.007) were positively associated with the development of ADHD.

Increased intake of avocado, celery, mutton/lamb, shellfish, grapefruit, and oily fish reduced the risk of ADHD, whereas increased intake of naan bread, average weekly spirits intake, Intake of artificial sweetener added to cereal, and standard tea raised the risk of ADHD.