To explore the influence and lag effects of different groups of relative humidity, temperature, atmospheric pollutants and their interactions on respiratory disease mortality in a basin city in southwest China under a subtropical humid climate.

Daily meteorological, air pollutant and respiratory-related mortality data of residents in a city in southwest China from 2018 to 2022 were collected, and time-series analysis was carried out using the distributed lag-wise nonlinear model (DLNM) with quasi-Poisson distribution and the generalized additive model (GAM).

A total of 11 779 people died of respiratory diseases in this city. At lag15, when the SO₂ concentration increased by 10 μg/m³, the impact on the respiratory disease mortality of the population was the greatest, with RR=1.055 (95%CI: 0.993-1.120). In the single-factor grouped lag model, in the extremely high-temperature group (≥P₉₅), when the temperature increased by 1 °C, the impact on respiratory disease mortality was the greatest at lag0, which was 1.710(95%CI: 1.209-2.418). In the multi-factor model, when SO₂ and NO₂ were taken as synergistic factors, the impact of relative humidity on respiratory mortality was the greatest at lag18, which was 1.026 (95%CI: 1.000-1.053), and the RR of temperature on mortality was the greatest at lag0, which was 1.024 (95%CI: 1.010-1.038). Interaction analysis showed that there were interactions among relative humidity, temperature and various pollutants, and the mortality risk generated by the interaction between 60%-80% humidity level and SO₂ and NO₂ was the greatest.

Each factor has an independent influence and lag effect on respiratory disease mortality.The interactions between different humidity levels and pollutants have different impacts on respiratory disease mortality and may have synergistic or antagonistic effects. Among them, the mortality risk generated by the interaction between medium humidity level and pollutants is the greatest, while the impact generated by the interaction between high humidity and pollutants is instead reduced.

To analyze the current status and trends of the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infections in China from 1992 to 2021, providing a reference for the prevention and control of RSV infections in the country.

The burden of disease was assessed using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Data on DALYs for RSV lower respiratory tract infections in China from 1992 to 2021 were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study database. Join point regression analysis was employed to evaluate trends in disease burden, and an age-period-cohort (APC) model was constructed to explore the impacts of age, period, and birth cohort on disease burden.

In 2021, the DALYs rate for RSV lower respiratory tract infections in China was 3.08 per 100 000, with the highest DALYs number (35 400 person-years) and rate (45.63 per 100 000) observed in the 0-4 age group, followed by those aged 65 and older (5 300 person-years, 2.68 per 100 000). From 1992 to 2021, the DALYs rate for RSV lower respiratory tract infections in China showed a declining trend (AAPC=-12.96%, P<0.001), with the DALYs rate remaining relatively stable from 2012 to 2016 (AAPC=-1.61%, P=0.198), while other intervals exhibited a downward trend, particularly from 2019 to 2021, which had the most significant decline (AAPC=-57.90%, P<0.001). Among different age groups, the 0-4 age group experienced the largest decrease in DALYs rate (AAPC=-12.02%, P<0.001), whereas the decline was the smallest in those aged 65 and older (AAPC=-5.19%, P<0.001). The APC model indicated that age, period, and birth cohort effects influenced the changes in DALYs rates for RSV lower respiratory tract infections in China, with DALYs rates initially decreasing and then increasing with age, while declining with advancing periods and shifting birth cohorts.

The burden of RSV lower respiratory tract infections in China showed a downward trend from 1992 to 2021, predominantly affecting children and the elderly.

To explore the relationship between sleep quality and depression among elderly individuals in Shanghai’s communities, as well as the mediating role of physical activity.

A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to survey 2 500 elderly individuals aged 60 and above in Hongkou District, Shanghai. A self-developed demographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used for data collection. Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to investigate the relationships among sleep quality, physical activity, and depression, while the mediating effect of physical activity was tested using the PROCESS macro in SPSS 27.0.

The average sleep quality score among community-dwelling elderly in Shanghai was 6.11±2.90, the physical activity level score was 156.23±96.67, and the depression score was 4.01±5.40. A positive correlation was identified between sleep quality and depression (r=0.488, P < 0.001), while a negative correlation existed between physical activity level and depressive symptoms (r=-0.414, P < 0.001). Physical activity partially mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depression, accounting for 8.79% of the total effect.

Sleep quality and depression are closely related among community-dwelling elderly in Shanghai, with physical activity playing a partial mediating role. Enhancing sleep quality and physical activity levels among the elderly may help prevent and alleviate depression.

To explore the mediating role of self-efficacy between social support and coping styles in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and to provide a reference for clinical interventions.

A total of 128 female SUI patients admitted to the People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected. General information was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) was used to assess social support, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) to evaluate self-efficacy, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) to measure coping styles. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze the mediating effect of self-efficacy.

Patients aged ≤60 years had higher GSES scores, positive SCSQ scores, total PSSS scores, and scores on its three subscales compared to those aged >60 years, while their negative SCSQ scores were lower (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that GSES scores were positively correlated with PSSS scores and positive SCSQ scores but negatively correlated with negative SCSQ scores in both age groups (r=-0.601, P < 0.05). PSSS scores were positively correlated with positive SCSQ scores (r=0.650, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with negative SCSQ scores in both age groups. The Amos 24.0 maximum likelihood estimation method was used to construct a mediation model, showing that self-efficacy had a positive effect on positive coping styles (effect values: 0.62 and 0.56 for ≤60 and >60 years, respectively) and a negative effect on negative coping styles (effect values: -0.50 and -0.45, respectively). Social support positively influenced self-efficacy (effect values: 0.59 and 0.65, respectively), while positive coping styles positively influenced social support (effect values: 0.57 and 0.60, respectively), and negative coping styles negatively influenced social support (effect values: -0.40 and-0.51, respectively).

Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between social support and coping styles in female SUI patients, and age significantly affects self-efficacy and coping styles. Enhancing patients’ social support and self-efficacy can promote the adoption of positive coping styles, thereby improving clinical outcomes.

To explore the relationship between uric acid and the risk of hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), providing new insights for the prevention of NAFLD.

Utilizing data from the 2017-2018 NHANES population and summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the association between uric acid and the risk of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD was analyzed using restricted cubic spline models, generalized linear models, and binary logistic regression models. The inverse variance weighted method was employed as the primary approach for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal relationship between uric acid and NAFLD. Additional verification of results was conducted using MR Egger regression, weighted median methods, simple models, and weighted models, followed by sensitivity testing.

After adjusting for all covariates, a linear relationship was observed between uric acid and the risks of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD (P_non-linear > 0.05). Populations with higher uric acid levels exhibited increased risks of hepatic steatosis (β=3.559,95%CI: 1.722-5.395, P < 0.001) and NAFLD (OR=1.151, 95%CI: 1.048-1.265, P=0.003). The MR analysis using the inverse variance weighted method indicated a causal relationship between uric acid and NAFLD (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.01-2.81, P=0.049),with the other four analytical methods providing similar directional causal inferences. Sensitivity tests suggested no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among instrumental variables (P > 0.05), and the results were not influenced by individual genetic variations.

Uric acid is positively linearly correlated with the risk of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD, indicating that controlling uric acid levels may play a crucial role in the prevention and management of NAFLD.

To investigate the current situation of resource allocation for early diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancers in public hospitals at different levels in Sichuan Province, and to provide suggestions for further promoting the early diagnosis and treatment projects of upper gastrointestinal cancers and improving the screening quality.

A questionnaire survey was conducted on public hospitals in Sichuan Province that undertook opportunistic screening for upper gastrointestinal cancers in 2023, and the diagnosis and treatment capabilities, hardware capabilities and staffing situations of upper gastrointestinal cancer early diagnosis and treatment in hospitals at different levels were compared and analyzed.

The average annual total number of gastroscopy diagnosis and treatment in 78 hospitals was 8 400.82 person-times. In total 96.15% of the hospitals had an independent endoscopy department, and 87.18% of the hospitals had an independent pathology department. On average, there were 3.29 endoscopy hosts, 10.19 gastroscopes, with an average of 6.97 endoscopy physicians, 4.14 pathologists and 5.41 endoscopy nurses. The higher the hospital level, the higher the relevant indicators of diagnosis and treatment capabilities, hardware capabilities and staffing.

The overall situation of resource allocation for early diagnosis and treatment in public hospitals in Sichuan Province is good, but it is necessary to strengthen the construction of pathology departments and focus on optimizing the resource allocation for early diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancers in secondary hospitals.

To conduct genetic typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in Guizhou Province using the MLVA technique based on 24 VNTR loci, to identify VNTR typing loci suitable for Guizhou MTB strains, and to establish a high-resolution, user-friendly MLVA typing model for MTB. This model will provide technical means for tracing the sources, transmission, and prevention and control of tuberculosis in Guizhou Province.

A total of 124 MTB strains were collected from Guizhou Province. PCR amplification was performed using 24 internationally recognized VNTR loci for MTB, followed by analysis of the amplification products using capillary electrophoresis. The number of repeats at each locus was counted, and allele polymorphism and the discriminatory index for each locus were calculated. Clustering analysis of the tested strains was conducted using BIONUMERICS 8.0 to explore the typing characteristics of MTB in Guizhou Province based on 24-VNTR, 15-VNTR, 12-VNTR, and 8-VNTR.

The allele polymorphism and discriminatory index of the 24 VNTR loci indicated that seven loci, including QUB-11b, had high discriminatory power, eleven loci, including MIRU-10, had moderate power, and six loci, including MIRU-20, had low power. Furthermore, clustering analysis revealed that the 24-VNTR typing exhibited the highest discriminatory ability at 95.16% (118/124), approaching the level of single strain identification, followed by 15-VNTR at 91.13% (113/124), 12-VNTR at 90.32% (112/124), and 8-VNTR at 83.06% (103/124). All four VNTR typing models successfully categorized the 124 MTB strains into four clusters.

This study identified six high-resolution loci, including QUB-11b, as the preferred VNTR loci for MLVA typing of MTB strains in Guizhou Province, with other loci ranked according to their discriminatory power as supplementary typing methods. The 24-VNTR, 15-VNTR, and 12-VNTR methods demonstrated high typing capabilities, providing technical support for molecular tracing of tuberculosis in Guizhou Province.

To analyze and assess the characteristics of the infected population and the disease burden of clonorchiosis in a city of the Pearl River Delta, providing a scientific basis for future prevention and control strategies.

Based on population monitoring and medical institution data from 2019 to 2023 regarding clonorchiosis in the city, infection rates and prevalence proportions were calculated for different genders and age groups. The characteristics of patients seeking medical attention were described, and the disease burden was evaluated using Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALYs).

The overall infection rate for clonorchiosis in the surveyed population from 2019 to 2023 was 8.32%, with a male infection rate of 12.50% and a female infection rate of 4.84%, showing a statistically significant difference (χ²=98.54, P<0.001). The weighted infection rate was 7.87% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5.67%-10.06%]. The weighted infection rates across various age groups ranged from 0.09% to 16.18%, with higher rates observed in individuals over 40 years of age. The majority of infections were mild (97.00%), while moderate and severe infections were less common. The annual DALYs lost due to clonorchiosis were 14 399.10 for males and 4 606.71 for females, totaling 19 005.81, equating to a loss of 4.76 DALYs per 1 000 people per year.From 2019 to 2023, a total of 3 193 cases of clonorchiosis sought medical attention, primarily through outpatient services (95.49%). The proportions of complications such as cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, liver cysts, gallbladder polyps, cholecystectomy, gallbladder hypertrophy, and cholangiocarcinoma were 1.16%, 0.60%, 0.53%, 0.22%, 0.06%, 0.06%, 0.00%,and 0.00%, respectively. The average outpatient medical cost was 155.62 yuan, while the average inpatient medical cost was 6 545.97 yuan.

The burden of clonorchiosis in the city of the Pearl River Delta is significant, characterized by a high population infection rate, primarily among males, middle-aged and elderly individuals, and mild infections. Future efforts should focus on public education, screening, and treatment for at-risk populations.

To analyze the relationship between residual cholesterol (RC) and metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in the elderly population of Zhongshan, and to explore the potential application value of RC in the diagnosis of MAFLD in older adults.

A cluster sampling method was employed to select elderly individuals aged 60 and above who underwent health check-ups at two community hospitals in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province. Baseline data were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between RC and MAFLD, and a restricted cubic spline model was utilized to further analyze the dose-response relationship between RC and MAFLD.

A total of 6 756 elderly individuals were recruited, with an overall prevalence of MAFLD at 31.0%, higher in females (35.0%) than in males (24.7%). After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis indicated that RC, treated as a continuous variable (OR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.47-1.97), was positively associated with the risk of MAFLD. As a categorical variable, the highest RC group (OR: 2.13, 95%CI: 1.72-2.63) also showed a positive correlation with MAFLD risk. A non-linear relationship was observed between RC levels and MAFLD (P _overalltrend <0.001, P _{non-linearity} < 0.05), with a more pronounced risk increase in males (male OR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.42-2.38 vs. female OR: 1.64,95%CI: 1.36-1.96).

RC is an independent risk factor for MAFLD in the elderly, and there exists a non-linear dose-response relationship between the two. The impact of RC levels on MAFLD risk is particularly significant in elderly males. Monitoring and managing RC is of great clinical significance in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD in older adults.

To explore the impact of follow-up management on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in Sichuan Province, so as to improve the blood pressure control rate in the population.

Based on the data of the Seventh National Health Service Survey in Sichuan province, 3 587 hypertensive patients were included. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the follow-up management situation, demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors and health status of patients. Combined with the multivariate logistic regression model, the follow-up management factors affecting blood pressure control were explored.

The blood pressure control rate was 68.9%. Among the effectively controlled patients, the rate of taking medications regularly as prescribed was 84.6%, the proportion of those with a follow-up frequency of ≥4 was 71.4%, and the rate of family doctor-signed home visits was 48.1%. Among the patients not effectively controlled, the rate of taking medications regularly as prescribed was 73.4%, the proportion of those with a follow-up frequency of ≥4 was 67.6%, and the rate of family doctor-signed home visits was 45.2%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that not taking medications regularly as prescribed (OR=1.742, 95%CI:1.453-2.089), a follow-up frequency of <4 (OR=1.287, 95%CI: 1.057-1.567) and other follow-up methods (OR=1.286, 95%CI:1.092-1.516) had significant negative impacts on the blood pressure control effect of patients.

Follow-up management of hypertension is beneficial to blood pressure control. The follow-up frequency should be optimized, drug compliance should be improved, and the interaction between the signed doctor and the patient should be enhanced.