To investigate the comorbidity status and influencing factors of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure among primary and secondary school students based on the health ecological model, providing evidence for integrated prevention of common student health issues.

Using stratified cluster random sampling, 140 784 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Hubei Province were selected in 2022 for questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurements. Independent variables were determined according to five dimensions of the health ecological model, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors.

The detection rates were 28.52% for overweight/obesity, 20.52% for elevated blood pressure, and 7.95%for comorbidity. Logistic regression showed that junior/senior high school students (OR=1.25), insufficient sleep (OR=1.31), large family structure (OR=1.05), school bullying (OR=1.07), and lack of health records (OR=1.10) were positively associated with comorbidity risk (all P<0.05). Female gender (OR=0.69), moderate-to-vigorous exercise ≥4 days/week (OR=0.92), suburban residence (OR=0.87), skip-generation family (OR=0.88), and boarding (OR=0.76) were protective factors (all P<0.05).

The comorbidity of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure is prevalent among Hubei students, with influencing factors spanning multiple dimensions of the health ecological model. Comprehensive interventions addressing individual, behavioral, environmental, and policy aspects are recommended for integrated disease prevention.

To analyze the impact of BMI on the prevalence of chronic diseases among adult residents and provide theoretical reference for early prevention of chronic diseases.

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select residents in Shandong for questionnaire surveys. The questionnaire included basic information, quality of life, and chronic disease prevalence. The propensity score matching method was employed to examine the effect of BMI on chronic disease prevalence.

A total of 2 451 adult residents in Shandong were surveyed. When BMI < 18.5 kg/m², the impact of BMI on chronic disease prevalence was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m², the average treatment effects of BMI on chronic disease prevalence were -0.134, -0.110, and -0.113 (P < 0.05), increasing the probability of chronic diseases by 11.0%-13.4%. The balance test showed that the standard errors of all variables decreased, and no covariates were statistically significant after matching (P > 0.05). The common support test indicated that both the treatment and control groups were within the common range and relatively symmetric, with almost no systematic differences after matching, demonstrating good matching quality.

BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m² increases the probability of chronic diseases among residents. It is necessary to strengthen weight management and public awareness campaigns, expand coverage for key populations, clarify intergroup differences, and propose targeted health management strategies. The roles of the government, primary healthcare institutions, and family doctors should be fully utilized to improve chronic disease prevention and management, thereby enhancing residents’ quality of life.

To evaluate the independent and joint effects of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and sarcopenia on fall risk among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed baseline data from 2011 and recorded fall events during 9-year follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression models were established to examine independent and joint effects, with sensitivity analyses conducted to verify robustness.

Among 9 037 participants, 3 627 (40.1%) experienced falls during follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression showed both KOA (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.38-1.65) and sarcopenia (HR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.11-1.40) were independent risk factors for falls. For joint effects, compared with the non-KOA/non-sarcopenia group, the non-KOA/sarcopenia (HR=1.25, 95%CI:1.09-1.42), KOA/non-sarcopenia (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.37-1.67), and KOA/sarcopenia (HR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.46-2.29) groups all showed increased fall risks. Sensitivity analyses confirmed result stability.

Both KOA and sarcopenia increase fall risk in middle-aged and older adults, with their combined effect exceeding individual impacts. Enhanced fall prevention strategies combining early intervention and comprehensive measures should be implemented for this vulnerable population.

Cancer screening services represent the optimal approach for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, reducing incidence rates, improving survival rates, and optimizing healthcare resource allocation. However, individuals often exhibit irrational behaviors, such as underutilization of these services, due to inherent differences in risk preference types.This study aimed to investigate the influence of risk preference types on the underutilization of cancer screening services among Chinese residents.

A multistage stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 2 211 respondents aged ≥18 years across China from September to December 2019. Individual risk preference types were measured using the multiple price list (MPL) design, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze their impact on the underutilization of cancer screening services.

Among the 2 211 participants, 39.48% were risk-seeking, and 51.87% underutilized cancer screening.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between underutilization and age, gender, education level, commercial health insurance participation, chronic disease status, family history, and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that risk-seeking behavior (risk-seeking vs. non-risk-seeking: OR=2.065, 95% CI: 1.414-3.015), age, male gender (vs. female: OR=1.705, 95% CI: 1.196-2.431), chronic disease (yes vs. no: OR=2.406, 95% CI: 1.465-3.951), family history (yes vs. no: OR=5.823, 95% CI: 2.837-11.965), and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (1 000-2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=2.434, 95%CI: 1.068-5.547; >2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=24.090, 95%CI:3.950-144.907) were positively associated with underutilization (P < 0.05). Conversely, purchasing commercial insurance (yes vs.no: OR=0.534, 95%CI: 0.334-0.853) was negatively associated with underutilization (P<0.05).

Residents’ decisions regarding cancer screening utilization are primarily influenced by their perceived risk of cancer and potential losses associated with screening. Governments and communities should enhance service accessibility, improve risk awareness, and emphasize the health consequences of non-screening to promote screening participation.

To investigate the status and influencing factors of fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), providing evidence for improving glycemic management and psychological health.

From March 2022 to January 2023, 302 elderly T2DM patients from three tertiary hospitals in Chengdu were assessed using general information questionnaires, Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Worry Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.

The mean FoH score was 33.009±11.243, indicating high overall fear levels. Random forest model screening (optimal λ=0.77925) identified seven key factors in descending importance: psychological resilience, social support, subjective support, objective support, support utilization, hypoglycemia type, and education level. Multiple linear regression showed psychological resilience (β=-0.315, 95%CI: -0.455 to -0.246), subjective support (β=-0.260, 95%CI: -0.845 to -0.374), objective support (β=-0.176, 95%CI:-0.895 to -0.256), and support utilization (β=-0.145, 95%CI:-1.327 to -0.226) negatively influenced FoH, while hypoglycemia type (β=0.314, 95%CI: 2.227 to 3.873) and frequency (β=0.296,95%CI: 2.632 to 4.719) were positive contributors.

Elderly T2DM patients exhibit high FoH levels influenced by multiple factors. Healthcare providers should enhance psychological resilience and social support, with particular attention to patients experiencing severe or frequent hypoglycemic episodes.

To analyze the burden and trends of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in China from 1990 to 2021,providing reference for prevention and treatment strategies.

Data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for ALL in China were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study database (GBD 2021). The Join point regression model was utilized to fit the trends over the years, identify significant inflection points, and calculate the average annual percentage of change (AAPC) from 1990 to 2021 to reflect changes in disease burden. The distribution and trends of ALL across different time periods, genders, and age groups in China were analyzed.

In 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and standardized DALY rate for ALL in China were 3.64 per 100 000, 22.02 per 100 000, 1.36 per 100 000, and 74.06 per 100 000, respectively, with a higher burden in males than females. The ASIR and ASPR showed an upward trend, while the ASDR and DALY rates significantly decreased, with the gender disparity in disease burden becoming increasingly pronounced. After 2019, the incidence and prevalence rates in the 2-4 age group declined significantly, with the highest incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates observed in those under 1 year of age by 2021, while the highest mortality rate shifted from infants to the elderly.

The overall burden of ALL in China from 1990 to 2021 shows a downward trend, particularly notable in children, while the burden in adults has increased. There is a need to strengthen preventive measures for ALL among males and children while enhancing effective management of the high mortality rates in the elderly population.

To analyze the trends of low back pain (LBP) burden in China from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends through 2036.

Data on prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Joinpoint regression analyzed trends from 1990 to 2021, while Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling projected trends from 2022 to 2036.

From 1990 to 2021, while total LBP cases increased in China, age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates showed overall declining trends. Females consistently bore higher burden than males. Projections indicate age-standardized incidence rates will increase for males but decrease for females by 2036.

China demonstrated reduced LBP burden indicators during 1990-2021, with persistently higher burden among females. Projections suggest diverging future trends between genders, with rising male incidence but declining female incidence.

To explore the relationship between children’s sleep quality problems and negative emotions, providing a reference for precise symptom management.

From March to July 2022, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 54 488 primary and secondary school students from 16 counties/districts. After propensity score matching, 13 266 children (6 633 pairs) were included to construct and compare negative emotional symptom network models. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) were used for assessment, with a PSQI total score ≥5 defining the sleep quality problem-positive group.

The detection rate of sleep problems in children was 12.2%. Compared with the negative group, the positive group showed higher detection rates of depression (5.9% vs 41.6%), anxiety (6.3% vs 45.7%), and stress (1.8% vs 23.4%) (P < 0.01), with significant differences in negative emotional symptoms (12.46 vs 11.48, P < 0.01). Social anxiety (1.16 vs 1.36) and restlessness (1.13 vs 1.31) were more severe in the positive group (Cohen’s d > 0.8, P < 0.01). Arrhythmia (1.40) was the core symptom in the positive group.

Children’s sleep quality problems are closely associated with negative emotions, with particular attention needed for social anxiety, restlessness, and arrhythmia symptoms.

To compare the characteristics of deaths and disease burden of respiratory tuberculosis in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 and predict future trends, providing evidence for formulating prevention and control policies.

Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) were used to describe deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of respiratory tuberculosis in China and globally from 1990 to 2021. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to assess trends. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was employed for prediction.

From 1990 to 2021,the number of respiratory tuberculosis deaths in China and globally was 37 300 and 1 162 800, respectively, with age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) of 1.91/100 000 and 13.96/100 000, and AAPCs of -7.4 (95%CI: -7.8 to -7.1) and -3.3(95%CI: -3.5 to -3.2), respectively. DALYs were 1 375 500 person-years and 46 977 500 person-years, with age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) of 76.22/100 000 and 580.26/100 000, and AAPCs of -7.0 (95% CI: -7.2 to -6.8) and -3.3 (95% CI: -3.4 to-3.2), respectively. The death and disease burden were higher in males than females. From 2022 to 2036, ASMR (China: males-55.30%, females -62.50%; global: males -36.72%, females -37.50%) and ASDR (China: males -46.50%, females -44.82%;global: males -31.87%, females -32.95%) are projected to decline.

From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR and ASDR of respiratory tuberculosis declined in both China and globally, with a significantly higher disease burden in males. Over the next 15 years, ASMR and ASDR are expected to continue decreasing. Relevant authorities should sustain and optimize prevention and control measures to further reduce the disease burden and achieve more comprehensive disease control.

To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum and investigate its in vitro hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities as well as preventive effects on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

Single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface methodology were employed to determine the optimal extraction conditions. In vitro experiments evaluated the inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase activities. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, high-fat diet (HFD), and three treatment groups (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg doses),with six mice per group. After 8 weeks of intervention, serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes, blood glucose, and histopathological changes were analyzed.

The optimal extraction conditions yielded 10.43 (±0.52) mg/g total flavonoids. The IC50 values for pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase inhibition were 0.99 mg/ml and 5.17 mg/ml, respectively. Compared with HFD group, medium and high dose groups showed significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, and blood glucose levels (P<0.05), along with improved hepatic and adipose tissue pathology.

The optimized extraction process effectively enhances flavonoid yield from Allium mongolicum, and the obtained flavonoids demonstrate potential in preventing high-fat diet-induced obesity by improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.