To investigate the comorbidity status and influencing factors of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure among primary and secondary school students based on the health ecological model, providing evidence for integrated prevention of common student health issues.

Using stratified cluster random sampling, 140 784 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Hubei Province were selected in 2022 for questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurements. Independent variables were determined according to five dimensions of the health ecological model, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors.

The detection rates were 28.52% for overweight/obesity, 20.52% for elevated blood pressure, and 7.95%for comorbidity. Logistic regression showed that junior/senior high school students (OR=1.25), insufficient sleep (OR=1.31), large family structure (OR=1.05), school bullying (OR=1.07), and lack of health records (OR=1.10) were positively associated with comorbidity risk (all P<0.05). Female gender (OR=0.69), moderate-to-vigorous exercise ≥4 days/week (OR=0.92), suburban residence (OR=0.87), skip-generation family (OR=0.88), and boarding (OR=0.76) were protective factors (all P<0.05).

The comorbidity of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure is prevalent among Hubei students, with influencing factors spanning multiple dimensions of the health ecological model. Comprehensive interventions addressing individual, behavioral, environmental, and policy aspects are recommended for integrated disease prevention.

To evaluate the independent and joint effects of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and sarcopenia on fall risk among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed baseline data from 2011 and recorded fall events during 9-year follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression models were established to examine independent and joint effects, with sensitivity analyses conducted to verify robustness.

Among 9 037 participants, 3 627 (40.1%) experienced falls during follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression showed both KOA (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.38-1.65) and sarcopenia (HR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.11-1.40) were independent risk factors for falls. For joint effects, compared with the non-KOA/non-sarcopenia group, the non-KOA/sarcopenia (HR=1.25, 95%CI:1.09-1.42), KOA/non-sarcopenia (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.37-1.67), and KOA/sarcopenia (HR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.46-2.29) groups all showed increased fall risks. Sensitivity analyses confirmed result stability.

Both KOA and sarcopenia increase fall risk in middle-aged and older adults, with their combined effect exceeding individual impacts. Enhanced fall prevention strategies combining early intervention and comprehensive measures should be implemented for this vulnerable population.

To establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection prevention and control in hospitals, and conduct empirical research to analyze current management status and propose improvement strategies.

The evaluation system was developed through literature review, Delphi expert consultation, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess current MDRO prevention and control practices.

Both Delphi rounds achieved 100% response rates, with expert authority coefficients (Cr) of 0.9736 and 0.9794 respectively. Kendall’s W values were 0.520 (χ²=645.23, P<0.01) and 0.537 (χ²=593.525, P<0.01) for successive rounds. The system demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach’s α=0.757) and validity (I-CVI=0.833-1.000, S-CVI/UA=0.938,S-CVI/Ave=0.990), comprising 3 first-level, 15 second-level, and 48 third-level indicators. Empirical data revealed suboptimal implementation: MDRO patient reporting rate (23.71%), isolation rate (59.79%), PPE utilization (14.95%), and hand hygiene compliance (53.09%). ICUs showed significantly higher MDRO infection rates (1.88‰, χ²=39.130, P<0.01), detection rates (25.58%, χ²=103.308, P<0.01), and identification rates (16.76%, χ²=1629.737, P<0.01) than other departments.

The developed evaluation system is scientifically sound and practical. Current MDRO prevention measures require substantial improvement, necessitating targeted interventions and precision management strategies.

To investigate dietary intake and explore the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years in Hebei Province, providing evidence for early prevention and control.

Using multistage stratified random sampling, 3 228 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from 12 monitoring sites in Hebei Province were selected. Data on basic characteristics, food intake, and physical examination were collected. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and unconditional logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity risk.

The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 28.78% during 2016 and 2017, with significant differences by gender, region, education level, parental education, and boarding status (all P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, region, and boarding status, the high-carbohydrate dietary pattern was identified as a risk factor for overweight/obesity (P<0.05). The high-protein dietary pattern showed a protective effect, with decreasing risk as factor scores increased (Q2 medium group: OR=0.803, 95%CI: 0.665-0.985, P=0.034; Q3 high group: OR=0.742, 95%CI: 0.584-0.942, P=0.014).

The prevalence of overweight/obesity is high among children and adolescents in Hebei Province. Dietary interventions focusing on increasing protein intake and reducing high-carbohydrate foods may help control overweight/obesity.

To analyze the quality of life (QoL) status and influencing factors among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) co-infected individuals in Yunnan using structural equation modeling (SEM), providing empirical evidence for improving their QoL.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2024 using convenience sampling in Dehong, Dali, Kunming, and Lincang. Data on socio-demographics, social support, and depression were collected, with QoL assessed using the SF-36 scale. SEM was constructed using AMOS 24.0.

The mean QoL score (65.91±21.71) was lower than Chinese norms. SEM revealed direct effects on physical health from monthly income (β=0.18, 95%CI: 0.09-0.29), occupation (β=-0.09, 95%CI: -0.18 to -0.01), HIV diagnosis duration (β=-0.11, 95%CI: -0.19 to -0.02), HIV knowledge (β=-0.36, 95%CI: -0.47 to -0.27), HCV knowledge (β=-0.14, 95%CI: -0.22 to -0.05), social support (β=0.14, 95%CI: 0.02-0.28),and depression (β=-0.34, 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.24). Monthly income (β=-0.17, 95%CI: -0.27 to -0.06), HIV knowledge (β=0.14,95%CI: 0.05-0.24), and social support (β=-0.25, 95%CI: -0.36 to -0.11) indirectly affected physical/mental health through depression.

HIV/HCV co-infected individuals in Yunnan exhibit poor QoL. Interventions should enhance mental health support and social assistance, particularly targeting those with low income, unemployment, long HIV diagnosis duration, and limited disease knowledge to improve treatment adherence and self-management.

To investigate the genetic association between gestational duration and fetal mental disorders using Mendelian randomization (MR), and to explore the mediating role of brain functional networks in this pathway through two-step Mendelian randomization (TSMR).

Using gestational duration as the exposure and six mental disorders (autism spectrum disorder[ASD], anorexia nervosa [AN], schizophrenia, etc.) as outcomes, with 191 resting-state functional MRI traits as potential mediators, we analyzed publicly available GWAS summary data. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median method were employed to estimate causal effects. TSMR was used to assess the mediating role of brain functional networks, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate robustness.

Gestational duration showed negative genetic associations with ASD (OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.48-0.69), AN (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.89), and schizophrenia (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96). Brain networks, including the salience, central executive, and default mode networks, partially mediated the genetic association between gestational duration and mental disorders, with mediation proportions ranging from 19.09% to 52.40%.

Longer gestational duration reduces the risk of mental disorders, and brain functional networks mediate this genetic association.

Cancer screening services represent the optimal approach for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, reducing incidence rates, improving survival rates, and optimizing healthcare resource allocation. However, individuals often exhibit irrational behaviors, such as underutilization of these services, due to inherent differences in risk preference types.This study aimed to investigate the influence of risk preference types on the underutilization of cancer screening services among Chinese residents.

A multistage stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 2 211 respondents aged ≥18 years across China from September to December 2019. Individual risk preference types were measured using the multiple price list (MPL) design, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze their impact on the underutilization of cancer screening services.

Among the 2 211 participants, 39.48% were risk-seeking, and 51.87% underutilized cancer screening.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between underutilization and age, gender, education level, commercial health insurance participation, chronic disease status, family history, and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that risk-seeking behavior (risk-seeking vs. non-risk-seeking: OR=2.065, 95% CI: 1.414-3.015), age, male gender (vs. female: OR=1.705, 95% CI: 1.196-2.431), chronic disease (yes vs. no: OR=2.406, 95% CI: 1.465-3.951), family history (yes vs. no: OR=5.823, 95% CI: 2.837-11.965), and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (1 000-2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=2.434, 95%CI: 1.068-5.547; >2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=24.090, 95%CI:3.950-144.907) were positively associated with underutilization (P < 0.05). Conversely, purchasing commercial insurance (yes vs.no: OR=0.534, 95%CI: 0.334-0.853) was negatively associated with underutilization (P<0.05).

Residents’ decisions regarding cancer screening utilization are primarily influenced by their perceived risk of cancer and potential losses associated with screening. Governments and communities should enhance service accessibility, improve risk awareness, and emphasize the health consequences of non-screening to promote screening participation.

To analyze the impact of BMI on the prevalence of chronic diseases among adult residents and provide theoretical reference for early prevention of chronic diseases.

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select residents in Shandong for questionnaire surveys. The questionnaire included basic information, quality of life, and chronic disease prevalence. The propensity score matching method was employed to examine the effect of BMI on chronic disease prevalence.

A total of 2 451 adult residents in Shandong were surveyed. When BMI < 18.5 kg/m², the impact of BMI on chronic disease prevalence was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m², the average treatment effects of BMI on chronic disease prevalence were -0.134, -0.110, and -0.113 (P < 0.05), increasing the probability of chronic diseases by 11.0%-13.4%. The balance test showed that the standard errors of all variables decreased, and no covariates were statistically significant after matching (P > 0.05). The common support test indicated that both the treatment and control groups were within the common range and relatively symmetric, with almost no systematic differences after matching, demonstrating good matching quality.

BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m² increases the probability of chronic diseases among residents. It is necessary to strengthen weight management and public awareness campaigns, expand coverage for key populations, clarify intergroup differences, and propose targeted health management strategies. The roles of the government, primary healthcare institutions, and family doctors should be fully utilized to improve chronic disease prevention and management, thereby enhancing residents’ quality of life.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Hubei from 2020 to 2024 and provide scientific evidence for subsequent prevention and control measures.

Using epidemiological history and clinical case data from the China CDC Information System, we analyzed influenza characteristics in Hubei during 2020 and 2024. Count data were compared using χ² tests.

Hubei reported 1 050 819 influenza cases (609 699 cases in 2023, 58.02%), including 377 576 influenza A (35.93%), 99 676 influenza B (9.49%), and 840 parainfluenza cases (0.08%). Influenza A predominated (χ²=530 018.166, P<0.001). Male cases (564 464, 53.72%) slightly outnumbered females (486 355, 46.28%) (χ²=5 806.006, P<0.001). Seasonal distribution showed winter (463 932 cases) > spring (376 247) > autumn (127 067) > summer (83 573) (χ²=395 402.793, P<0.001). Children aged 0 to 9 years were most affected (549 181 cases, χ²=1 358 132.202, P<0.001). Students (410 818 cases) and kindergarten children (193 027) showed highest incidence (χ²=8 079 748.599, P<0.001). Wuhan reported most cases (368 397), followed by Yichang (105 119)(χ²=2 800 000.000, P<0.001).

Influenza in Hubei exhibited distinct seasonality (winter-spring peaks), with 2023 seeing highest incidence. Children under 10 remain most vulnerable, warranting focused prevention in schools and childcare settings.

To analyze the mortality rate and trend of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in China from 2005 to 2018 and predict its future trend, providing a basis for effective prevention and control.

NMSC mortality data from 2005 to 2018 were collected from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report. The Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) to reflect temporal trends. An age-period-cohort model with intrinsic estimator algorithm was applied to analyze age, period, and cohort effects. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximation was employed to predict NMSC mortality trends in China from 2019 to 2035.

From 2005 to 2018, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of NMSC in China was 0.34 per 100 000, showing an upward trend with an AAPC of 5.6% (95%CI: 3.8%-7.4%). The ASMR was higher in males (0.41 per 100 000) than in females (0.26 per 100 000),but the increase was slightly faster in females (AAPC=6.2%). Rural areas had a higher ASMR (0.40 per 100 000) than urban areas (0.30 per 100 000), but the AAPC was only half that of urban areas. The mortality risk of NMSC increased with age. The cohort effect showed a declining trend in ASMR. The predicted ASMR of NMSC in China is expected to continue rising to 0.78 per 100 000(95%CI: 0.10-1.46 per 100 000) during 2019 and 2035.

The ASMR of NMSC in China exhibited an upward trend from 2005 to 2018, with variations by age, sex, and region. NMSC remains a public health concern requiring sustained attention.