To explore the training mode and mechanism of compound talents of preventive medicine and software engineering.

In order to adapt to the development trend of multidisciplinary and new technology integration under the background of new medical science construction and the strategic needs of building a healthy China, the West China School of Public Health and the School of Computer Science (School of Software) of Sichuan University have established a dual bachelor’s degree talent training program in Preventive Medicine and Software Engineering, a teaching professor expert team with cross disciplinary integration, integrated courses and internship bases, through extensive research and expert verification, in accordance with the requirements of the National Standards for Undergraduate Professional Teaching Quality and the Management Measures for Bachelor’s Degree Authorization and Granting. The program aims to recruit dual bachelor’s degree students, strengthen student guidance and teaching feedback, and continuously summarize and improve the talent training mode.

Three sessions of dual bachelor’s degree students in Preventive Medicine + Software Engineering have been recruited, a teaching team integrating medical and engineering has been established, seven integrated courses have been formed, professional training objectives and curriculum systems have been established and continuously improved, and two medical research and practical teaching innovation bases suitable for dual bachelor’s degree students have been established. The adaptability and satisfaction of students have been continuously improved.

The double bachelor degree training model of preventive medicine + software engineering with the characteristics of public health and software has been initially established, which provides an important theoretical and practical reference for the reform of the training mode of medical-industrial integration.

Observational studies have proposed a link between frailty and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the causal relationship between the two diseases needs further investigation.

The study data were drawn from the GWAS dataset, in which the frailty data contained 175 226 samples, by selecting SNPs closely related to frailty as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR was applied to assess causality between diseases. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods were used as the main analyses. MR-Egger intercepts, MR-PRESSO and funnel plots were also used to detect horizontal multi-effects, and sensitivity analyses were performed using the “leave-one-out” and Cochran’s Q tests simultaneously.

IVW analysis showed that frailty genetic susceptibility increased the risk of COPD, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.935 (95% CI:1.178-13.179; P=0.009). No horizontal pleiotropism was observed in MR-Egger intercept (P=0.757), MR-PRESSO and funnel plots detection. In the test of heterogeneity (P=0.952), no heterogeneity was observed in the funnel plot. The “leave-one-out” did not reveal a single SNP with a biased effect on the instrumental variable.

The study findings suggest a possible positive causal relationship between frailty and increased risk of developing COPD.

To further investigate the risk factors of Hyperuricemia(HUA) using Mendelian randomization study and its causal relationship, and to lay the theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of hyperuricemia.

In the first, we regarded the HUA-related factors as the exposure and the uric acid as outcomes, and two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was made based on the data from genome-wide association study concerning European populations. Then, the variable possibly bearing a cause and effect relationship to the outcomes in the Mendelian study was further analyzed by multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis to determine the independent influence of the variables on the outcomes.

Two-sample Mendelian randomization study results showed that the increase in the body mass index, the triglycerides level and the pork consumption and the decrease in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol could lead to the increase in the uric acid. Multivariate Mendelian randomization study results showed that the causality between the three factors including BMI(b=0.246, P=8.89×10^-9), HDL(b=-0.074, P=0.046) and TG(b=0.145, P=7.32×10^-5) and UA still held, while causality between pork consumption and UA showed no statistical significance(b=-0.074, P=0.096).

Body mass index, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride have a causal relationship with uric acid.

To know the status of childhood disabilities among middle-aged and old people in China and its influence, and to provide basis for prevention and rehabilitation of childhood disability.

The data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The middle-aged and old people who participated in the baseline survey in 2011 and the newly visited middle-aged and old people who were included in the follow-up in 2013, 2015 and 2018 were selected as the research objects. The disability rate during their childhood was described, and the difference of education level, marriage, daily living ability between disability during childhood and adult were analysed.

Among the middle-aged and old people in China, the childhood disability rate was 20.36‰, and the rates of physical disability, intellectual disability, visual disability, hearing disability and speech disability were 8.47‰, 4.36‰, 3.57‰, 5.58‰, and 2.01‰, respectively. The number of childhood disabilities accounted for 12.2% of the total number of disabled people in the middle-aged and elderly. Among the people with disabilities in the childhood period, the proportion of males was higher than females, accounting for 54.1%. Most of the disabled people in the childhood period are from 0 to 6 years old, accounting for 58.2% of the disabled people from 0 to 17 years old. Compared with those with disabilities during childhood, those with disabilities in adulthood, with physical, intellectual, hearing, and speech disabilities had a higher proportion of impaired ADL in middle and old age. Those with visual, hearing, and speech disabilities in adulthood had a higher proportion of depressive symptoms in middle and old age. The differences were statistically significant by χ² test(P<0.05).

About 2% of the middle-aged and elderly people in China suffer from disability during their childhood. The impact of childhood disability runs through the whole life cycle. It is of great significance to take active prevention and rehabilitation measures for the childhood disabilities.

To use disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) to assess unequal differences in the burden of disease due to diabetes across global socioeconomic groups.

Number of DALYs due to diabetes, age-standardized DALYs rates from the GBD database, 1990-2019, and national Human Development Index(HDI) data from the Human Development Report 2021-2022 were collected. The relationship between age-standardized DALY rates and HDI was analyzed to understand socioeconomic differences in diabetes disease burden. Calculation of Annual Percentage Change(APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change(AAPC) to assess temporal trends in the burden of diabetes disease during recent decades.

From 1990-2019, the number of DALYs due to diabetes globally increased from 28.3 million to 69.9 million, an increase of 146.85%, with the fastest growth(206.49%) in Lower middle-income countries. The age-standardized DALYs rates were negatively correlated with HDI(r=-0.480, P<0.001). Countries with medium HDI exhibit higher DALYs rates due to diabetes mellitus. From 1990-2019, the average annual increase in the rate of age-standardized DALYs was 0.78%(AAPC=0.78%, 95% CI=0.74% to 0.81%), and the average annual increase in the age-standardized mortality rate was 0.46%(AAPC=0.46%, 95% CI=0.41%～0.51%).

The global burden of diabetes disease has increased substantially over the last few decades, with the fastest growth in Lower middle-income countries. The age-standardized burden was higher in developing countries. Although a slower increase in the burden of diabetes was observed, the persistence of the increase in the burden of disease suggests that more diabetes prevention programs and health-care services should be made available to developing countries.

To explore the correlation between visceral fat index(CVAI) and the incidence of diabetes in Chinese elderly population.

The data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey(CHARLS) 2011 and 2015 waves. A total of 2 295 elderly people aged ≥60 years were included. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between CVAI and the incidence of diabetes. The restricted cubic spline(RCS) method was used to test the dose-response relationship. Subgroup analysis was performed according to BMI.

333(14.50%) of the 2295 elderly participants developed diabetes during the 4-year follow-up period. CVAI were divided by quartiles. There were statistically significant differences in baseline FBG, HBA1c, SBP, DBP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, UA, gender, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension history and follow-up incident diabetes among groups(P<0.05). Compared with the group with lowest quartile of CVAI Q1, the OR(95% CI) in the group the highest quartile of CVAI Q4 was 1.96(1.37-2.83). The restricted cubic splines model results showed that the higher CVAI accompanied by higher risk of incident diabetes in the elderly. Subgroup analysis showed that CVAI was independently associated with incident diabetes in both non-overweight and overweight/obese groups.

There is a positive association between CVAI the risk of diabetes mellitus in the elderly population. The control of visceral fat in the elderly is helpful to prevent the occurrence of diabetes.

To determine the trend of the incidence of Hepatitis B in Chengdu City during 2010 to 2021, and its ecological determinants.

Linear correlations between Hepatitis B incidence and ecological factors was analyzed using the data collected in Chengdu from 2010 to 2021. Principal component analysis was used to eliminate the independent variables’ multicollinearity, and establishing a multivariate linear regression model to determine the ecological predictors of Hepatitis B incidence.

The incidence of Hepatitis B in Chengdu decreased over the period of 2010-2021, from 50.03 per 100 000 to 24.81 per 100 000. multivariate linear regression showed the Results: The incidence of Hepatitis B decreased with the increases of Per capita disposable income(x₁/x₂) and expenditure on health care for urban/rural residents(x₃/x₄), per capita expenditure of rural residents on education, culture and entertainment(x₅), urbanization rate(x₈), per capita residential gross leasable area(x₉), birth rate(x₁₀), number of health institutions per 10 000 people(x₁₁), number of health technicians per 10 000 people(x₁₂), number of hospital beds per 10 000 people(x₁₃), average annual relative humidity(x₁₄). While it increased with the increase of urban/rural household Engel’s coefficient(x₆/x₇)(y=76.514-0.050x₁-0.184x₂-4.358x₃-6.161x₄-3.652x₅+0.821x₆+0.281x₇- 0.081x₈-0.404x₉-1.036x₁₀-0.360x₁₁-0.005x₁₂-0.075x₁₃-0.607x₁₄).

There is a linear relationship between hepatitis B incidence and social economic development, population, health resources and natural environmental factors, which could provide a basis for the prediction of hepatitis B incidence.

To understand the characteristics of atmospheric PM_2.5 pollution elements and their health risk assessment in Zhuhai in recent years, in order to provide relevant basis for pollution control in Zhuhai.

From April 2020 to March 2023, PM_2.5 samples were collected on a monthly basis in three administrative regions of Zhuhai City, with a total of 756 samples obtained. The elemental contents in PM_2.5 were analysed by ICP-MS.The health risks were calculated using the US EPA inhalation exposure model.

Monthly analysis of PM_2.5 samples in Zhuhai within the range of 34 elements.The mass concentrations of most elements were low in summer and high in winter.The annual average concentration of heavy metal elements in the three years of monitoring, from highest to lowest, was Zn(64.1 ng/m³) >Mn(14.22 ng/m³) >Pb(10.9 ng/m³) >Cu(6.57 ng/m³) >As(2.41 ng/m³) >Ni(1.91 ng/m³) >V(1.83 ng/m³) >Cr(1.62 ng/m³) >Sb(1.21 ng/m³) >Cd(0.54 ng/m³) >Tl(0.13 ng/m³)>Co(0.12 ng/m³)>Hg(4.88×10^-3ng/m³).Compared with previous studies in Zhuhai, the mass concentration of each element has decreased, but Sb, Al, As, Cr, Ni and Se had a trend of rising again.A health assessment was conducted on 6 carcinogenic elements Cr, Co, Ni, As, Mo and Cd, as well as 10 non carcinogenic elements Al, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Sb, Ba, Hg, and Pb. The results showed that the risk of non carcinogenic elements was at an acceptable level for the population(HQ≤1). Cr and As had a carcinogenic risk(R>10^-6).

The health risks of non carcinogenic elements PM_2.5 in the atmosphere of Zhuhai City are all at an acceptable level for the population. Cr and As pose a cancer risk and require special attention. From the perspective of element mass concentration, fuel and transportation pollution are still the key points of governance.

To investigate the effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers.

This study focused on 1 283 male workers from a bus manufacturing company. A total of 889 workers exposed occupational noise were in the noise exposure group, and 394 workers exposed to both benzene mixture and noise were in the combined exposure group. Pure-tone air conduction threshold tests were conducted on both groups at six frequencies: 500 Hz, 1 000 Hz, 2 000 Hz, 3 000 Hz, 4 000 Hz, and 6 000 Hz. Then the differences in high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss between the two groups were compared and the impact of age, work experience, body mass index(BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and exposure factors on hearing loss was analyzed.

The high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss in the combined exposure group were significantly higher than the noise group(P<0.01). As age increased, the detection rate of hearing loss also increased among the workers(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise, age ≥40 years, work experience ≥20 years, and alcohol consumption were the risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise, age ≥40 years, and work experience of 10-20 years were the risk factors for speech-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01). Combined exposure to benzene and noise increased the risk of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) among the workers(OR for high-frequency=1.974, OR for speech-frequency=13.086).

Combined exposure to benzene and noise may have a synergistic effect on NIHL.

To analyze the hemoglobin (Hb) levels and anemia status of students in the Fujian Province Nutrition Improvement Plan area from 2021 to 2022, and to analyze their influencing factors.

A total of 8 895 students were selected for the study using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. According to the WHO anemia diagnostic criteria, the Hb levels and anemia rates of students of different ages and genders were analyzed, and the logistic regression models was used to analyze possible influencing factors of anemia.

From 2021 to 2022, the average Hb of students in rural nutrition improvement plan areas in Fujian Province was 134.44g/L, and the anemia rate was 7.21%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female students (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.28-1.78), schools located in townships or villages (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.71-1.91), schools with unified recipes provided by the education bureau (OR=3.80, 95%CI: 1.62-8.92), schools that have not conducted health education (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 0.09-0.62) and students who do not know how to prevent iron deficiency anemia (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.63) were risk factors for anemia among students; School canteens that provide meat at least 3 times a week for lunch (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.99), students who consume more than 14 table tennis balls per week (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.98), and students who consume ≥ 3 types of vegetables per day (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89) were protective factors for anemia in students.

The anemia rate of students in rural compulsory education student nutrition improvement plan areas in Fujian Province is lower than the average level of implementing the national student nutrition improvement plan, but significantly higher than the anemia rate of children aged 6-17 nationwide. There is still great room for improvement in the anemia status of students, and targeted interventions are needed in future work to improve their anemia status.