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To understand the characteristics of atmospheric PM2.5 pollution elements and their health risk assessment in Zhuhai in recent years, in order to provide relevant basis for pollution control in Zhuhai.
From April 2020 to March 2023, PM2.5 samples were collected on a monthly basis in three administrative regions of Zhuhai City, with a total of 756 samples obtained. The elemental contents in PM2.5 were analysed by ICP-MS.The health risks were calculated using the US EPA inhalation exposure model.
Monthly analysis of PM2.5 samples in Zhuhai within the range of 34 elements.The mass concentrations of most elements were low in summer and high in winter.The annual average concentration of heavy metal elements in the three years of monitoring, from highest to lowest, was Zn(64.1 ng/m3) >Mn(14.22 ng/m3) >Pb(10.9 ng/m3) >Cu(6.57 ng/m3) >As(2.41 ng/m3) >Ni(1.91 ng/m3) >V(1.83 ng/m3) >Cr(1.62 ng/m3) >Sb(1.21 ng/m3) >Cd(0.54 ng/m3) >Tl(0.13 ng/m3)>Co(0.12 ng/m3)>Hg(4.88×10-3ng/m3).Compared with previous studies in Zhuhai, the mass concentration of each element has decreased, but Sb, Al, As, Cr, Ni and Se had a trend of rising again.A health assessment was conducted on 6 carcinogenic elements Cr, Co, Ni, As, Mo and Cd, as well as 10 non carcinogenic elements Al, V, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Sb, Ba, Hg, and Pb. The results showed that the risk of non carcinogenic elements was at an acceptable level for the population(HQ≤1). Cr and As had a carcinogenic risk(R>10-6).
The health risks of non carcinogenic elements PM2.5 in the atmosphere of Zhuhai City are all at an acceptable level for the population. Cr and As pose a cancer risk and require special attention. From the perspective of element mass concentration, fuel and transportation pollution are still the key points of governance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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