To analyze the hemoglobin (Hb) levels and anemia status of students in the Fujian Province Nutrition Improvement Plan area from 2021 to 2022, and to analyze their influencing factors.

A total of 8 895 students were selected for the study using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. According to the WHO anemia diagnostic criteria, the Hb levels and anemia rates of students of different ages and genders were analyzed, and the logistic regression models was used to analyze possible influencing factors of anemia.

From 2021 to 2022, the average Hb of students in rural nutrition improvement plan areas in Fujian Province was 134.44g/L, and the anemia rate was 7.21%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female students (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.28-1.78), schools located in townships or villages (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.71-1.91), schools with unified recipes provided by the education bureau (OR=3.80, 95%CI: 1.62-8.92), schools that have not conducted health education (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 0.09-0.62) and students who do not know how to prevent iron deficiency anemia (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.63) were risk factors for anemia among students; School canteens that provide meat at least 3 times a week for lunch (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.99), students who consume more than 14 table tennis balls per week (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.62-0.98), and students who consume ≥ 3 types of vegetables per day (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89) were protective factors for anemia in students.

The anemia rate of students in rural compulsory education student nutrition improvement plan areas in Fujian Province is lower than the average level of implementing the national student nutrition improvement plan, but significantly higher than the anemia rate of children aged 6-17 nationwide. There is still great room for improvement in the anemia status of students, and targeted interventions are needed in future work to improve their anemia status.