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Observational studies have proposed a link between frailty and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the causal relationship between the two diseases needs further investigation.
The study data were drawn from the GWAS dataset, in which the frailty data contained 175 226 samples, by selecting SNPs closely related to frailty as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR was applied to assess causality between diseases. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) methods were used as the main analyses. MR-Egger intercepts, MR-PRESSO and funnel plots were also used to detect horizontal multi-effects, and sensitivity analyses were performed using the “leave-one-out” and Cochran’s Q tests simultaneously.
IVW analysis showed that frailty genetic susceptibility increased the risk of COPD, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.935 (95% CI:1.178-13.179; P=0.009). No horizontal pleiotropism was observed in MR-Egger intercept (P=0.757), MR-PRESSO and funnel plots detection. In the test of heterogeneity (P=0.952), no heterogeneity was observed in the funnel plot. The “leave-one-out” did not reveal a single SNP with a biased effect on the instrumental variable.
The study findings suggest a possible positive causal relationship between frailty and increased risk of developing COPD.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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