To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Dongguan City from 2005 to 2022, and to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C in the future.

The reported cases and demographic data in Dongguan City from 2005 to 2022 were collected and analyzed by Excel 2016, SPSS25.0 and Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.1.0 software. The value is 0.05 as a standard test.

From 2005 to 2022 the average annual incidence of hepatitis C in Dongguan city was 12.84/100 000. The annual incidence showed an upward trend from 2005 to 2011 (APC=15.74%) and a downward trend from 2011 to 2021 (APC=-5.41%). The incidence of reported cases in Guancheng district (34.78/100 000), Shilong Town (25.33/100 000) and Xiegang Town (17.90/100 000) were among the top three in all the towns and streets. The average annual incidence in males (17.45/100 000) was higher than that in females (8.17/100 000), moreover, the incidence in male has declined since 2014 (APC=-7.01%), and the incidence in female has declined since 2011 (APC=-7.64%). The ages of onset were mainly from 20 to 49 years old(15 873 cases, 75.07%),In the age group of 50 to 59 years, the annual incidence showed an upward trend(AAPC=24.47%). The most affected population group was housewives and unemployed individuals (6 003 cases,28.39%) and the annual constituent ratios was on the rise (AAPC=6.59%).

The reported incidence level of hepatitis C in Dongguan is higher than that in China. And the annual reported incidence has declined since 2011. Improving the prevention and cure of hepatitis C among men, 20 to 59 age group and housewives and unemployed individuals is suggested to reduce the incidence of hepatitis C effectively.

To analyze the epidemic characteristics of breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba District, Chongqing, and provide reference for the prevention and control of the varicella epidemic in the area.

Collect information on varicella cases and their vaccination in Shapingba District from 2019 to 2023, Use descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella breakthrough cases, and use linear regression to analyze the relationship between breakthrough cases and age at the time of vaccination and the time interval between vaccination and onset of disease.

From 2019 to 2023, there were a total of 802 breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba District, Chongqing, accounting for 14.87% of the total number of varicella cases. The majority of cases were vaccinated with one dose of varicella (648 cases, accounting for 80.80%), and the differences in composition among different years were statistically significant (χ²=16.400,P<0.005); The epidemic has a bimodal distribution, from October to December and May to July each year. The least cases are in winter (142 cases, accounting for 11.68%), and the most cases are in spring (198 cases, accounting for 17.32%). The composition differences between different seasons are statistically significant (χ²=16.348, P<0.001); The breakthrough cases of chickenpox are mainly male, with the highest incidence among primary school students aged 6～10, and the differences in composition are statistically significant (χ²=877.420, P<0.001); The time interval from the first dose of chickenpox vaccine to the onset of breakthrough cases was 46 days to 17 years, with a median \[M(P₂₅,P₇₅)\] of 7 years (4 years, 10 years). The median time interval between scattered children, primary school students, and middle school students was 3 years (2 years,4 years), 8 years (6 years, 9 years), and 12 years (11 years,14 years), respectively, with statistical significance (H=497.280, P<0.001); There is a negative correlation between age at the time of first dose vaccination and the interval between onset of the disease in breakthrough cases, with a correlation coefficient of r=-0.230 (t=-6.693, P<0.001).

Breakthrough cases of varicella in Shapingba, Chongqing are mainly concentrated in primary school students during the start of the school season, with an interval of 7 years between onset. It is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and control of the varicella epidemic in primary schools, further improve the vaccination rate of children with varicella vaccines, and recommend receiving two doses of vaccines before starting primary school to reduce the risk of breakthrough cases.

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidents in Beijing from 2018 to 2022, and to explore targeted prevention and control measures.

The data were from the National Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidents in Beijing from 2018 to 2022. Relative risk (RR) was used to assess the risk of morbidity and mortality.

From 2018 to 2022, a total of 1841 non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidents were reported in Beijing, with 2729 cases of poisoning and 31 deaths. The annual morbidity and mortality were 25.14 and 0.29 cases per million, respectively. There were two peaks of poisoning cases in spring and winter, accounting for 49.98% and 24.00% of the total cases, respectively. The highest incidence occurred between 8 and 11 o ’clock, accounting for 22.83%. In the inner suburbs, outer suburbs and urban areas, the incidence of non-occupational carbon monoxide was 0.96 cases/100 000, 1.27 cases/100 000 and 18.79 cases/100 000, and the mortality was 0.02 cases/100 000, 0.02 cases/100 000 and 0.11 cases/100 000, respectively. The poisoning incidents mainly occurred in residential families in 1633 cases, accounting for 88.70%; This was followed by 118 restaurants, accounting for 6.41 percent. The proportion of household poisoning incidents decreased from 92.10% in 2018 to 84.13% in 2022. The proportion of poisoning incidents in restaurants increased year by year from 4.23% in 2018 to 10.05% in 2022. The proportion of poisoning cases occurring at home decreased from 86.39% in 2018 to 71.84% in 2022. The proportion of poisoning cases in restaurants increased from 9.88% in 2018 to 20.57% in 2022.

The incidence and death risk of non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in Beijing is not balanced among regions, and the proportion of poisoning incidents in restaurants is increasing year by year. Targeted measures should be taken to strengthen the prevention and control work in the outer suburbs and key restaurants.

To construct a land use regression (LUR) model for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) in Zunyi.

Collect and organize hourly PM2.5 monitoring data from routine air quality monitoring stations from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, as well as geographic information data such as land use, roads, population density, altitude, and meteorological factors in Zunyi. Conduct multiple stepwise linear regression with PM2.5 concentration as the dependent variable and geographic information variables and meteorological factors as independent variables to construct a model. Use leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) to verify the performance of the model.

The model formula is Y=72.656-0.026×altitude-0.009×NDVI-0.62×average temperature-383.512×average precipitation. The model had R²=0.74, adjusted R²=0.72, cross validation R²=0.69, RMSE=3.51, and a high spatial resolution (250 m×250 m).

The model fits well and fully reflects the influencing factors of PM2.5 spatial distribution in Zunyi. It can be used to estimate individual exposure levels and provide strong support for environmental health epidemiological research.

To assess the presence of enteroviruses and diarrheal viruses in the environmental sewage of Aba in 2022, and to provide evidence supporting effective control measures against these viruses.

Sewage samples were collected monthly throughout 2022, then eluted and concentrated by anionic membrane adsorption.Through this, enteroviruses were isolated and identified. At the same time, nucleic acid was extracted from the concentrated liquid, and real-time fluorescent PCR was used to detect several diarrhea viruses, such as group A rotavirus, norovirus, Sapovirus, human astrovirus and enteric adenovirus.

A total of 12 environmental sewage samples were collected from January to December 2022. Out of these, 3 strains of polioviruses and 9 non-polio enteroviruses were isolated. All 3 poliovirus strains were detected as Type 3 vaccine-like poliovirus (PV) strains. Group A rotavirus and norovirus genotype II were detected every month. Norovirus type I and enteric adenovirus were observed in all months except November. Human astrovirus was absent in samples from July, August, November and December. Sapovirus was not identified throughout the year.

Enteroviruses and diarrheal viruses exist widely in Aba’s environmental sewage. Environmental sewage surveillance can offer a comprehensive view of these viruses’ etiological and epidemiological characteristics. Continuous environmental sewage surveillance can predict and warn the epidemic and outbreak of enteroviruses and diarrheal virus-related diseases.

To describe and analyze the burden and changing trends of ischemic heart disease(IHD)attributed to dietary risks in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of IHD in China.

Standardized DALY rates and standardized mortality rates for IHD in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database(GBD 2021).

In 2021, the standardized DALYs rate and mortality rate of IHD attributed to dietary risks in China were 820.87 and 44.26 per 100,000 respectively, showing a decrease of 14.45% and 5.24% compared to 1990. China’s rates were only higher than regions with high sociodemographic index and lower than global and other regional levels.Dietary risks were significantly higher in males compared to females, with the main risk factors being high-sodium diet, lowwholegrain diet, and high omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet.Both DALYs rate and mortality rate increased significantly with age.The overall trend from 1990 to 2021 shows a decline in the standardized DALYs rate and mortality rate of IHD attributed to dietary factors in China, with an Average Annual Percentage Change(AAPC) of 0.54% and 0.24% respectively.

The burden of disease and mortality rate of IHD attributable to dietary risks in China have shown an overall declining trend. However, the disease burden attributable to dietary risks is higher in males than in females, and higher in those aged 70 and above compared to those under 70. The burden of IHD attributable to dietary risks is expected to continue rising. To alleviate the burden of IHD, it is essential to enhance health education for males and middle-aged and elderly populations, increasing their awareness of IHD prevention and control. This can be achieved by promoting healthy eating habits and lifestyle practices to improve physical fitness management.

To understand the intake of added sugars among primary school students, to analyze the sources and influencing factors of intake, and to propose improvement measures.

A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 12,603 primary school students in Lianyungang as the research subjects. A food atlas-based questionnaire was used to investigate the intake of foods with added sugars and calculate daily intake of added sugars.

The median added sugar intake of primary school students was 22.1 g/day, 45.7% of students consumed more than 25 g/day, and 21.7% of students consumed more than 50 g/day. Sugar-sweetened beverages, flavored yogurt, pastries and sweets were the four main sources of added sugar intake among primary school students (accounting for 38.3%, 24.0%, 14.1% and 12.1% respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that boys, higher grade, higher BMI, and less sleep were associated with increased intake of added sugars.

The excessive intake of added sugar by primary school students in Lianyungang was quite prominent. On the one hand, nutrition education should be carried out to publicize the harm of excessive intake of added sugar.On the other hand, it isrecommended to include the added sugar content in the nutrition label to guide teenagers to choose healthy food.

To explore the level of knowledge and demand for vaccination among parents of hospitalized premature infants in Chongqing, so as to provide reference for the development of targeted health education and early training programs in the future.

A purposive and cluster sampling survey was conducted from August to October 2023, using a self-designed questionnaire to investigate and analyze the vaccination awareness and needs of parents of premature infants hospitalized in 9 hospitals in Chongqing.

The overall awareness rate of parents of hospitalized premature infants was 79.28%, the awareness rate of routine vaccination knowledge was 85.80%, the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge of premature infants was 73.69%. Family upbringing history, education level, place of residence, economic income, and whether having received relevant training are the influencing factors of knowledge awareness. 25.46% parents of premature infants said that they would take their children for vaccination within one week after discharge. 85.06% parents thought that they were lack of vaccination knowledge. 88.41% parents thought that it was necessary to carry out vaccination health education for premature infants.

The vaccination knowledge level of parents of hospitalized premature infants in Chongqing needs to be improved, among which parents who have given birth to their first child, have low educational level, live in rural areas, have low family income and have not received vaccination knowledge training for premature infants are the key groups of health education and early training, and the timing and safety of vaccination are key points of training. It is an important way to train medical staff as the main body and combine various health education means.

To explore the relationship between female reproductive history and cognitive dysfunction in old age.

Based on the survey data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey database in 2018, binary logistic regression and R4.3.3 software were used to construct a restricted cubic spline model to analyze the dose-response relationship between the number of births, gestational age and cognitive dysfunction in women.

7508 elderly women were included, of whom 764 (10.17%) had cognitive dysfunction. After adjusting for confounding factors, the first gestational age (OR=1.025, 95%CI:1.007-1.044), the last gestational age (OR=1.071, 95%CI:1.056-1.086), and the number of pregnancies (OR=1.085, 95%CI:1.044-1.127) had an impact on the cognitive function of elderly women. The results of the restricted cubic spline model showed that there was a linear dose-response relationship between the number of pregnancies and the risk of cognitive dysfunction in women (P_overall<0.05, P_{non-linearity}=0.67), and the cognitive function was not adversely affected when the number of pregnancies was ≤4 (OR<1, 95%CI:0.45-1). When she had only one child, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the gestational age and the risk of cognitive impairment (P_overall<0.05, P_{non-linearity}<0.05), suggesting that the best childbearing age was 27 to 30 years old (OR<1, 95%CI:0.89-1). When she had more than one child, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between the first and last gestational age and the risk of cognitive impairment (P_overall<0.05, P_{non-linearity}<0.05), suggesting that the best childbearing age was 22 to 35 years old (OR<1, 95%CI: 0.99-1).

There is a correlation between female reproductive history and cognitive function in old age. Limiting the number of childbearing and encouraging age-appropriate childbearing can improve cognitive function in old age.

To analyze the co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia and the relevant factors in primary and middle school students in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2023, so as to provide references for the establishment of the mechanism of Co-morbidity, Shared Etiology, and Shared Prevention of common diseases in students.

From September 2019 to 2023, used stratified random cluster sampling, 4 248, 4 230, 4 266, 25 476, 25 587 primary and middle school students were selected as subjects for spinal curvature abnormality and myopia screening and questionnaire survey. The χ²test was used for comparing the group differences and univariate analysis. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of their co-morbidity.

the co-morbidity rates of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia were 2.96%-6.00% from 2019 to 2023 in primary and middle school students in Guangzhou. The differences in the co-morbidity rates among students of each phases of studying and the difference of the co-morbidity rate in primary and middle school students over the past 5 years were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI junior and senior high school students (OR=1.72, 1.89, 95%CI: 1.11-2.67, 1.47-2.41) were more likely to suffer these two diseases. Primary school students in grades 4 to 6 who had menarche or spermatorrhea (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.04-3.02), screening time 2-<3h or≥3h per day (OR=3.06, 2.28, 95%CI: 1.41-6.68, 1.02-5.19), outdoor activities time<2h per day (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.22-4.26), junior high school students with low BMI (OR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.11-2.67), whose teacher "never or occasionally" reminded reading and writing posture (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.06-2.12), who were not strict with requiring standing and sitting posture themselves (OR=2.51, 1.99, 95%CI: 1.29-4.86, 1.06-3.74), senior high school students with low BMI (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.47-2.41) who had activities in the teaching building during recess (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.75), distance from chest to the edge of table "never or occasionally" more than 1 fist away during reading and writing (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.05-1.53) had a higher risk of spinal curvature abnormality and myopiaco-morbidity (P<0.05).

The co-morbidity of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia was associated with daytime outdoor exercise and sedentary behavior with bad posture. Early screening and early treatment of spinal curvature abnormality and myopia should be strengthened among adolescent students, especially in urban, female and emaciated students.