To explore a method for monitoring the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage in Shenzhen using digital PCR, enabling real-time detection of viral nucleic acids in sewage and reflecting the epidemiological status of COVID-19 infections in the population through nucleic acid concentration.

A digital PCR detection system for SARS-CoV-2 in sewage was established, and its minimum detection limit was determined. From April to July 2023, 24-hour composite sewage samples were collected twice weekly from the inflow of six sewage treatment plants in Nanshan and Futian districts of Shenzhen. The modified polyethylene glycol precipitation method was used for viral concentration enrichment, followed by quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids using the established reverse transcription digital PCR (RT-dPCR) method. Concurrently, data on COVID-19 infection cases in the monitored sewage areas were collected for correlation analysis with the nucleic acid concentrations in the sewage.

The RT-dPCR method for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection was successfully established, with a minimum detection limit of 1.00 copies/μl. A total of 162 sewage samples were collected from April to July 2023, with a positive detection rate of 96.3% for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in Nanshan district ranged from 1.00×10³ to 1.08×10⁶ copies/L, while in Futian district it ranged from 1.44×10³ to 1.40×10⁶ copies/L, with peak concentrations observed on May 16. Correlation analysis indicated a significant association between sewage SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid concentrations and the number of COVID-19 infection cases in the population (Nanshan district r=0.77, P<0.001; Futian district r=0.80, P<0.001).

The digital PCR method is suitable for the quantitative detection of low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in sewage, allowing for real-time monitoring of the COVID-19 epidemic, thus providing a scientific basis for public health management and intervention.

To analyze suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of poliomyelitis vaccination (PV) in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023.

Data on adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were collected through the AEFI monitoring module of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. These included cases related to the bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains (sIPV), inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), and the combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, and Haemophiles influenza type b vaccine (DTaP-IPV-Hib). The number of vaccine doses administered was obtained from the Anhui Immunization Program Information Management System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and characteristics of AEFI reports.

A total of 3 036 cases of AEFI related to poliomyelitis vaccination were reported in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023, with an overall incidence rate of 38.37 per 100 000 doses. The incidence rates for bOPV, IPV-Sabin, IPV-Salk, and DTaP-IPV-Hib were 17.47, 47.86, 33.29, and 82.11 per 100 000 doses, respectively. General reactions accounted for 94.57% of cases, while abnormal reactions constituted 4.97%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.31:1. Among general reactions, the incidence rates for high fever (axillary temperature ≥ 38.6°C), local swelling (diameter > 2.5 cm), and local induration (diameter > 2.5 cm) were 8.67, 7.22, and 4.41 per 100 000 doses, respectively. For abnormal reactions, the incidence rates for allergic rashes and other diseases were 1.43 and 0.48 per 100 000 doses, respectively.

From 2020 to 2023,AEFI related to poliomyelitis vaccination in Anhui Province were predominantly general reactions, with abnormal reactions being rare.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Yunnan Province’s border areas in recent years, providing a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures.

Data on public health emergencies reported in 25 border counties (cities) of Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2022 were collected through the “China Disease Prevention and Control Information System-Public Health Emergency Reporting Management System”. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics.

From 2012 to 2022, a total of 452 public health emergencies were reported in Yunnan Province’s border areas, with 31 020 cases and 110 deaths, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 0.94% and a case fatality rate of 0.35%. The primary types of events were infectious disease outbreaks (75.2%) and food poisoning (22.1%). The peak periods for infectious disease outbreaks were June and November, while food poisoning peaked from May to July. The leading causes of events were chickenpox (21.0%), COVID-19 (17.7%), and wild mushroom poisoning (9.5%), with wild mushroom poisoning accounting for the most deaths (53 cases, 48.2%). Schools (47.7%) and communities/villages (27.7%) were the main locations for infectious disease outbreaks. Dehong Prefecture reported 192 events, constituting 42.7% of the total, with 13 644 cases, representing 44.0% of the total cases. Twelve (48.0%) border counties (cities) reported 16 public health emergencies caused by imported infectious diseases, primarily from Myanmar (93.7%) and Laos (6.3%). Main diseases included dengue fever (31.3%), COVID-19 (31.3%), and chikungunya (18.8%), with a peak period for imported infectious disease-related events from July to September.

The reported public health emergencies in Yunnan Province’s border areas are mainly due to infectious disease outbreaks and food poisoning, with peak seasons in summer and winter. Major causes include chickenpox, COVID-19, and dengue fever, while the leading cause of death is wild mushroom poisoning. Schools and communities are critical locations for the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks. It is recommended that border areas strengthen monitoring, early warning, and risk assessment for key diseases and vectors, with particular attention to cross-border disease prevention and control in regions adjacent to Myanmar.

To explore the latent profile categories of economic toxicity in lung cancer patients and their differential characteristics, analyze the relationship between economic toxicity and health-related quality of life, and propose nursing interventions.

A survey was conducted among 218 lung cancer patients receiving treatment at two tertiary hospitals in Luzhou, Sichuan, using a general information questionnaire, the financial toxicity scale for cancer outcomes, the multidimensional social support scale, and the quality-of-life measurement scale for lung cancer patients. Latent profile analysis of economic toxicity was performed, and influencing factors were examined using univariate analysis and logistic regression. The correlation between economic toxicity and health-related quality of life was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients.

A total of 218 lung cancer patients were included, with economic toxicity classified into three categories: moderate economic toxicity risk group (C3), mild economic toxicity group (C2), and no economic toxicity group (C1). Logistic regression results indicated that household savings of >10 000 to 29 999 yuan (OR=28.763, 95%CI: 3.653-226.508), household savings of ≤10 000 yuan (OR=9.753, 95%CI: 2.642-36.003), and loss of employment due to illness (C2 vs. C1: OR=10.763, 95%CI: 2.091-55.394; C3 vs. C1:OR=18.745, 95%CI: 3.579-98.190) were significant influencing factors of economic toxicity in lung cancer patients. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between economic toxicity and overall health-related quality of life scores (r=0.241, P<0.01).

There is significant heterogeneity in the economic toxicity experienced by lung cancer patients. Nurses should develop personalized intervention strategies based on these classification characteristics to identify lung cancer patients at risk of economic toxicity early and alleviate their economic burden, thereby improving their health-related quality of life.

To explore the association between mixed exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury) and bone density, as well as the mediating effects of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), parathyroid hormone (PT), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P).

A cross-sectional study was conducted based on NHANES survey data, including a total of 1 465 participants. Polynomial logistic regression was used to analyze related risk factors, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) was employed to assess the impact of mixed exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury on bone density. The mediation effects of ALP, BAP, PT, Ca, and P in the relationship between exposure to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and bone density were analyzed using the Mediation package in R software (Bootstrap method).

The results of polynomial logistic regression indicated that the risk of bone loss increased at the third quartile (T3) of Cd concentration (OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.08-2.26); the risk also increased at the second quartile (T2) of Pb concentration (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.06-2.08). Conversely, the risk of osteoporosis decreased at T3 of Hg concentration (OR=0.38, 95%CI:0.15-0.94). BKMR model analysis revealed that increased concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury were associated with a decrease in bone density scores (T-score), with posterior inclusion probabilities for Cd, Pb, and Hg being 1, 1, and 0.47, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that Cd influenced bone density through the mediating effects of ALP and Ca, with mediation proportions of -32.3% and -64.9%, respectively. Hg affected bone density through the mediating effects of ALP and BAP, with mediation proportions of 7.3% and 61.8%. Pb influenced bone density through the mediating effects of ALP, BAP, and PT, with mediation proportions of 38.9%, 97.6%, and 1.5%, respectively.

There is a negative correlation between low concentrations of mixed exposure of cadmium, lead, and mercury and T-score, and the mediating effects of ALP, BAP, PT, and Ca are statistically significant.

To investigate the correlation between the triglyceride glucose product index (TyG) and kidney stones.

Based on the annual health check-up data of employees from a construction company in Hubei in 2022, subjects were divided into kidney stone group (n=854) and non-kidney stone group (n=1 636) according to the presence of kidney stones. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the correlation between the TyG index and the risk of kidney stones.

A total of 2 490 subjects were included in the study. The kidney stone group had higher levels of age, body mass index (BMI), TyG index, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose compared to the non-kidney stone group (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of kidney stones for the 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th quartiles of the TyG index was 1.071 times (OR=1.071, 95%CI: 0.822-1.394, P < 0.612), 1.174 times (OR=1.174, 95%CI: 0.886-1.556, P < 0.263), and 1.851 times (OR=1.851, 95%CI: 1.342-2.553, P < 0.001) that of the first quartile, respectively. Higher TyG index levels were associated with an increased risk of kidney stones (χ²=37.146, P < 0.001), indicating that the TyG index was a risk factor for the occurrence of kidney stones with a significant linear relationship. Subgroup analysis revealed that in overweight and obese populations (OR=1.494, 95%CI: 1.245-1.794, P < 0.001) and in populations with hyperlipidemia (OR=2.047, 95%CI: 1.606-2.61,P < 0.001), the TyG index remained positively correlated with the risk of kidney stones (P < 0.05).

A higher TyG index is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones, and early intervention in insulin resistance may help improve or reduce the incidence risk of kidney stones.

To establish a training system for laboratory operators in Biosafety Level 2 laboratories, aimed at enhancing the knowledge level of personnel, standardizing operational skills, and reducing laboratory accidents.

The Delphi method was employed to conduct two rounds of consultations with 17 experts in the field of biosafety from Beijing, Shanghai,Xinjiang, Fujian, Anhui, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen to determine the indicator system, while the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to establish the weights of the indicators.

The response rates for the two rounds of questionnaires were 94.44% and 100.00%, respectively, with expert authority coefficients of 0.962 and 0.944. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was high (all P < 0.01). Ultimately, the training system was defined to include 5 primary indicators, 21 secondary indicators, and 83 tertiary indicators.

This training system is structurally complete and content-rich, demonstrating strong scientific validity and reliability, and can serve as a reference for the training and assessment of laboratory operators in Biosafety Level 2 laboratories.

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between the presence of 22 metals in urine and the risk of developing gallstones in Bouyei population in qiannan region, ultimately aiming to furnish a scientific foundation for early preventative measures and targeted interventions.

From July 2018 to August 2019, a baseline survey was conducted among residents aged 30 to 79 years in Qiannan Bouyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture using multistage stratified cluster sampling, including questionnaires, physical examination and ICP-MS to detect urine metal concentration. Urinary metal concentrations were divided into four groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), and binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between single metal and gallstone risk. At the same time, the dose-response relationship between metal concentration and gallstone risk was investigated by using restricted cubic splines.

The gallstone detection rate of Bouyei population was 8.825%. After adjusting for covariates, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that in the male group, compared to the Q1 group, there was a positive association between gallstone risk and selenium in the Q2 group (OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.046-3.431), Se in the Q3 group (OR=1.912, 95%CI: 1.053-3.472), and Fe in the Q3 group (OR=1.827, 95%CI: 1.040-3.210). In the female group, Al in the Q3 group (OR=1.460, 95%CI: 1.050-2.028) was positively associated with gallstone risk, while Na in the Q4 group (OR=0.654, 95%CI: 0.452-0.948) was negatively associated with gallstone risk, with a dose-response relationship observed.

There is a significant correlation between the concentration of certain metals in urine and the risk of gallstones. In the Bouyei female population in particular, urinary aluminum and urinary sodium concentrations have a significant impact on gallstone formation, providing possible directions for future prevention and treatment strategies.

To explore the association between the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors and the elevated resting heart rate in community residents aged 35-75 years in Shanghai

Participates were obtained from the China PEACE Million Persons Projects. 8 districts in Shanghai were selected from 2017 to 2019, and the screening was carried out between adults aged 35 to 75 years in communities. Questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to compare groups by using R 4.2.2 software. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the correlation between the number of common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the combination of different risk factors and elevated resting heart rate.

Among 87934 participants, the mean age was 59.1±9.7 years. Compared with the group with no risk factors, the OR(95%CI) for elevated resting heart rate for the groups with 1, 2, 3 and ≥4 risk factor were 1.42（1.36-1.47）、1.70（1.53-1.77）、1.94（1.84-2.05）and 2.17（1.99-2.36）, respectively. The risk of elevated RHR was the most strongly influenced by the cardiovascular risk factor clustering number in the female group aged 35 to 44 with ≥4 risk factors,and the OR(95%CI) was 3.77 (2.10-4.27). In the combination of risk factors, more metabolic risk factors were associated with a higher risk of elevated resting heart rate.

Resting heart rate may serve as a simple and practical indicator of the cumulative effect of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, which can help early identification of individuals at high cardiovascular risk in relatively healthy people, so as to enable early intervention.

The epidemic situation of influenza from 2014 to 2023 in Huanggang City was analyzed to provide reference for prevention and control of influenza in Huanggang City.

The data of influenza online report, ILI monitoring data and etiological detection data in Huanggang City from 2014 to 2023 were collected and analyzed.

From 2014 to 2023, the annual incidence of influenza in Huanggang City ranged from 5.38/100,000 (2014) to 1,178.19/100,000 (2023), with a trend of first increasing (2014-2019), then decreasing (2020-2022), and reaching a peak in 2023.Retrospective spatiotemporal scanning analysis showed that the onset time was mainly concentrated in December of each year and January and February of the following year. In the epidemic season, Huangzhou, Luotian and Qichun were the main cluster areas of Class I and Class II. The ILI% value of each year in Huanggang City from 2014 to 2023 ranged from 4.41% to 13.17%, and the difference of ILI% each year was statistically significant (χ²=83 652.46,P<0.01), and the annual change trend was similar to that reported by influenza network.The positive rate of influenza virus in ILI case samples showed the characteristics of peak in winter and spring and small peak in summer, and H3N2, H1N1 and BBV were alternately or co-prevalent in each year and within each year.The analysis of correlation results between ILI% and positive rate of influenza virus showed that: except 2014-2016 and 2020-2022, the other 4 years showed positive correlation, and the P-value was less than 0.05,

The prevalence of influenza in Huanggang showed an increasing trend year by year, with obvious seasonal characteristics and temporal and spatial aggregation. The dominant strains, mainly H1N1, H3N2 and BV, alternated or co-circulated within the year and between different years.