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The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between the presence of 22 metals in urine and the risk of developing gallstones in Bouyei population in qiannan region, ultimately aiming to furnish a scientific foundation for early preventative measures and targeted interventions.
From July 2018 to August 2019, a baseline survey was conducted among residents aged 30 to 79 years in Qiannan Bouyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture using multistage stratified cluster sampling, including questionnaires, physical examination and ICP-MS to detect urine metal concentration. Urinary metal concentrations were divided into four groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), and binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between single metal and gallstone risk. At the same time, the dose-response relationship between metal concentration and gallstone risk was investigated by using restricted cubic splines.
The gallstone detection rate of Bouyei population was 8.825%. After adjusting for covariates, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that in the male group, compared to the Q1 group, there was a positive association between gallstone risk and selenium in the Q2 group (OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.046-3.431), Se in the Q3 group (OR=1.912, 95%CI: 1.053-3.472), and Fe in the Q3 group (OR=1.827, 95%CI: 1.040-3.210). In the female group, Al in the Q3 group (OR=1.460, 95%CI: 1.050-2.028) was positively associated with gallstone risk, while Na in the Q4 group (OR=0.654, 95%CI: 0.452-0.948) was negatively associated with gallstone risk, with a dose-response relationship observed.
There is a significant correlation between the concentration of certain metals in urine and the risk of gallstones. In the Bouyei female population in particular, urinary aluminum and urinary sodium concentrations have a significant impact on gallstone formation, providing possible directions for future prevention and treatment strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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