To investigate the relationship between the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and the incidence of diabetes in the Chinese population.

Data of Chinese adults from 2010 to 2016 were extracted from the DRYAD database. Cox regression models were employed to explore the association between the AST/ALT ratio and diabetes incidence, while smooth curve fitting was used to identify non-linear relationships. A piecewise linear regression function was applied to determine the optimal risk threshold.

A total of 86 145 participants were included in the study. After adjusting for covariates, a negative correlation was found between the AST/ALT ratio and diabetes incidence (HR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.38-0.51, P<0.001). The piecewise linear regression function identified the optimal risk threshold at 1.3. For values to the left of the threshold, HR=0.3, 95%CI: 0.2-0.3, P<0.001; for values to the right, HR=0.9, 95%CI: 0.7-1.2, P=0.561.

The AST/ALT ratio is a predictor of diabetes occurrence and is negatively correlated with diabetes incidence.

To explore the comorbidity patterns and influencing factors of chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly people in China, so as to provide new ideas for the development of corresponding chronic disease prevention and control strategies and measures.

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018, after excluding samples with missing variables for 14 chronic diseases, a final sample of 19,390 individuals aged 45 and older was included. The Apriori algorithm from association rule analysis was utilized to explore the comorbidity patterns among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. The occurrence of chronic comorbidity (two or more chronic diseases or three or more chronic diseases) was taken as the dependent variable, and the independent variable was determined according to the five dimensions of social determinants of health. 5 696 samples were included after deletion of the missing values, and the influential factors of chronic comorbidity were analyzed by univariate χ² test and multiple logistic regression.

The prevalence of comorbid chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly individuals in our country was 55.4%. The most common comorbidity patterns were arthritis or rheumatic diseases and hypertension. Association rule analysis identified 24 strong rule combinations, with the most common binary association being gastrointestinal or digestive system diseases with arthritis or rheumatic diseases, and the most common ternary association being gastrointestinal or digestive system diseases, hypertension, and arthritis or rheumatic diseases.The results of the multivariate analysis showed that both two or more chronic diseases and three or more chronic diseases were significantly associated with increased risk factors, including: age 60-80 years (two or more chronic diseases: OR=1.479, 95% CI: 1.244-1.759; three or more chronic diseases: OR=1.526, 95% CI: 1.267-1.839), age >80 years (OR=1.545, 95% CI: 1.144-2.087; OR=1.591, 95% CI: 1.175-2.154), depressive symptoms (OR=1.435, 95% CI: 1.267-1.626; OR=1.382, 95% CI: 1.216-1.570), having a pension (OR=1.350, 95% CI: 1.141-1.598; OR=1.332, 95% CI: 1.118-1.586), and residence in central (OR=1.268, 95% CI: 1.096-1.470; OR=1.269, 95% CI: 1.088-1.479) or western regions (OR=1.217, 95% CI: 1.062-1.395; OR=1.198, 95% CI: 1.038-1.382).Conversely, factors associated with a reduced risk of chronic multimorbidity included alcohol consumption (two or more chronic diseases: OR=0.811, 95% CI: 0.707-0.930; three or more chronic diseases: OR=0.837, 95% CI: 0.724-0.968), 6-8 hours of night sleep (OR=0.806, 95% CI: 0.702-0.926; OR=0.792, 95% CI: 0.688-0.912), more than 8 hours of night sleep (OR=0.738, 95% CI: 0.635-0.858; OR=0.745, 95% CI: 0.637-0.872), self-rated general health (OR=0.357, 95% CI: 0.307-0.414; OR=0.343, 95% CI: 0.299-0.392), and self-rated good health (OR=0.136, 95% CI: 0.114-0.163; OR=0.117, 95% CI: 0.096-0.142).

It is suggested that the prevention and intervention of chronic comorbidity should be multidimensional, and the health care personnel should take into account the comorbidity of patients and the problem of multiple drug use in the formulation of comorbidity treatment plan.

To explore the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia from 2021 to 2023 and the spatial variation of meteorological factors affecting its incidence, providing a scientific basis for prevention, control, and public health resource allocation.

The de-identified human brucellosis case data from January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2023, were collected from the Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive analysis was used to study three distributions of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia. A mixed local autoregressive geographical weighted regression model analyzed the monthly spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity of brucellosis. The model’s fitting effect was compared with spatial autoregressive, geographical weighted regression, and local autoregressive geographical weighted regression models.

From 2021 to 2023, 56,483 cases of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia, with a peak incidence from March to July. The incidence in males was 53.67 per 100,000, significantly higher than in females (χ² = 25.803，P<0.05). Farmers comprised the largest proportion of cases. The highest incidence occurred in people aged 41 to 60 (43.60 per 100,000). Brucellosis incidence in Inner Mongolia showed a positive spatial correlation, with high-incidence areas mainly in the east and west. The Mixed GWR-LSAR model had the best fit. The effects of wind speed, temperature, pressure, and evaporation varied spatially.

Brucellosis in Inner Mongolia exhibited seasonal, demographic, and spatial patterns, with varying meteorological impacts across months and regions. Therefore, prevention and control strategies should be targeted and regional to effectively reduce the risk.

To analyze the relationship between smoking status and risk of cardiovascular diseases among Henan Huixian residents.

The baseline survey data and follow-up data of participants aged 30-79 years recruited in Huixian County, Henan, through the China Chronic Disease Prospective Research Project were used. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the association between smoking status and risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A total of 59 865 cases were included in the cohort and followed up for a total of 586 851.81 person years (average 9.20 years). We documented 17 142 cases of cardiovascular diseases, 5 959 cases of ischemic heart diseases, 7 717 cases of cerebral infarction and 1 387 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage. The smoking rate of men (65.29%) was much higher than that of women (0.34%). Cox multivariate analysis showed, compared with nonsmokers, current smokers had higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (HR=1.178, 95% CI: 1.118-1.241), ischemic heart diseases (HR=1.291, 95% CI: 1.177-1.417) and cerebral infarction (HR=1.297, 95% CI: 1.203-1.398). Among current smokers, those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day or those who started smoking at the age of less than 20 years old had higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases and cerebral infarction.

Smoking can effectively decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary to strengthen the control and intervention of smoking behavior in order to curb the epidemic trend of cardiovascular disease.

To investigate the association between blood and urine biomarkers and genetic risks of primary glaucoma using Mendelian randomization analysis.

This study utilized summary data from large - scale genome-wide association studies to extract eligible instrumental variables and primarily employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method for analysis. The results were validated through Cochran’s Q statistic, MR - Egger regression intercept, MR - PRESSO, and the leave - one - out method.

MR analysis showed that the total protein (IVW: OR=1.399, 95% CI: 1.000-1.958, P=0.049), glycated hemoglobin (IVW: OR=0.650, 95% CI: 0.512-0.824, P<0.001), and glucose (IVW: OR=0.587, 95% CI: 0.368-0.938, P=0.026) were causally related to primary glaucoma. Reverse MR analysis further found a causal relationship between primary angle - closure glaucoma and total protein (IVW: OR=0.990, 95% CI: 0.980-0.999, P=0.045), indicating a bidirectional causal relationship between total protein and primary angle - closure glaucoma. The results were validated without finding heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.

Total protein may be a potential risk factor for primary angle - closure glaucoma, while glycated hemoglobin and glucose may serve as protective factors against primary open -angle glaucoma. Total protein and albumin are potential biomarkers for primary angle -closure glaucoma. This study provides information on biomarkers that can be further investigated, offering new insights and strategies for the early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prevention of glaucoma.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, influential factors, and the risk of reinfection in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xining, Qinghai, 2008-2023, and to provide scientific evidence for preventing HFMD reinfection in Xining and Qinghai-Tibet plateau regions.

The incidence data of HFMD in Xining from May 1, 2008 to December 31, 2023 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention to establish a database of cases of HFMD reinfection by filtering and organizing. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the reinfection cases, and the Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to assess the cumulative hazard probability of HFMD reinfection after initial infection, and Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the risk of HFMD reinfection through both univariate and multivariate perspectives.

A total of 493 HFMD reinfection cases were reported in Xining 2008-2023, the reinfection incidence was 2.67% (493/18 472), and the cumulative risk for the reinfection was 3.00%. 486(98.58%) cases were infected twice, and 7 cases (1.42%) were infected three times. The Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that the cumulative risk of reinfection increased sharply within 30 months after the first infection, and with 74.44% of cases reinfected within 30 months. The Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis revealed that the risk of HFMD reinfection was lower in males compared to females (HR=0.822, 95% CI: 0.684-0.988), in children aged ≥3 years compared to those aged <3 years(HR=0.586, 95% CI: 0.445-0.771). The risk of HFMD reinfection was higher in kindergarten children (HR=5.551, 95% CI: 2.278-13.525) and scattered children (HR=6.897, 95% CI: 2.769-17.184) compared to other population groups, and in children residing in urban areas (HR=1.531, 95% CI: 1.222-1.917) compared to those in rural areas.

The reinfection rate of HFMD is relatively high in Xining. People living in urban areas, initially infected with enterovirus 71(EV71), boys under the age of 3, and scattered children have higher risk of HFMD reinfection. Targeted intervention measures ought to be implemented for these high-risk groups in order to effectively mitigate the reinfection incidence of HFMD.

To analyze the changes in mortality and DALYs of cancer attributed to high Body-Mass Index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021 in China, to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for cancer.

Data on mortality and DALY rates attributed to high BMI in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 database. The Joinpoint software was used to analyze the trends of these mortality and DALY rates, while age-period-cohort models were employed to investigate the effects of age, period, and cohort.

Compared with 1990, the standardized mortality rate and DALY of cancer attributed to high BMI in China showed an upward trend in 2021, with increases of 106.62% and 102.27%, respectively, and AAPCs of 2.4% and 2.3%. From 1990 to 2021, the mortality rate and DALY of cancer attributed to high BMI in various age groups in China showed an upward trend, with a significantly faster increase in the 25- and 60-79-year-old age groups. The global changes in the standardized mortality rate of cancer attributed to high BMI among Chinese populations, including men and women, from 1990 to 2019 were 1.92(95% CI: 1.80-2.04), 2.74(95%CI: 2.60-2.88), and 0.94(95% CI: 0.80-1.07), respectively; The global changes in standardized DALY rates were 1.97(95% CI:1.86-2.08), 2.76(95% CI:2.62-2.90), and 1.02(95% CI:0.93-1.11), respectively.

From 1990 to 2021, the burden of cancer attributed to high BMI in China shows an upward trend, with the most rapid growth among males and people aged 60-79 years. Effective strategies for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity should be implemented to reduce the burden of cancer.

To explore the causal relationship between left and right handgrip strength and the onset of cognitive decline, providing a reference for developing strategies to prevent cognitive decline in the elderly.

Genome-wide data for left and right handgrip strength were obtained from the UK Biobank, while genome-wide data for cognitive function were sourced from a meta-analysis conducted by the Cognitive Genomics Consortium. The study employed three regression models: Inverse-Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and Weighted Median, to conduct Mendelian randomization analyses on the causal relationship between left and right handgrip strength and cognitive function.

The IVW model results demonstrated a positive causal relationship between right handgrip strength (β=0.08, 95% CI: 0.03-0.14, P=0.004), left handgrip strength (β=0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.14, P=0.017), and cognitive function.

The findings of this study support a positive causal relationship between left-hand grip strength, right-hand grip strength, and cognitive function.

To investigate the association between the expression of mucin-5B(MUC5B) gene and its locus polymorphisms rs2075853, rs4963053, and rs2014486 with coal worker’s pneumoconiosis(CWP).

The study analyzed age and years of service from 506 subjects (comprising 143 healthy individuals, 132 dust-exposed workers, 121 stage I CWP patients, and 110 stage II CWP patients) collected at the Guiyang City Public Health and Medical Center from February 2020 to October 2023. Gene expression levels were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were plotted, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive value of MUC5B for CWP. Genotyping of MUC5B rs2075853, rs4963059, and rs2014486 was performed using a MassARRAY Analyzer, and the association between the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotypes’ distribution frequency and the risk of CWP was analyzed.

Significant statistical differences were observed among the groups in terms of age (H=242.198, P<0.001), years of service (H=315.822, P<0.001). Expression levels of MUC5B were significantly reduced in stage I and II CWP patients compared to the healthy and dust-exposed groups (H=34.491, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that MUC5B could serve as an auxiliary diagnostic marker for CWP (AUC=0.755, 95% CI: 0.682-0.828, P<0.001). Furthermore, haplotype analysis revealed that the CG haplotype constructed from rs4963059 and rs2014486 was more frequent in CWP patients, showing a significant association (odds ratio OR=1.719, 95% CI: 1.074-2.751, χ²=5.201, P<0.05), suggesting that the CG haplotype constructed by rs4963059 and rs2014486 loci was associated with an increased risk of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.

The CG haplotype constructed by MUC5B gene rs4963059 and rs2014486 is closely related to the risk of developing coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.

The exact causal association between dietary intake and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unclear, and this study used two-sample, two-way Mendelian randomization (MR) to conduct causal association analyses between them.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with dietaryintake were extracted from the pooled data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as instrumental variables (IV). Causal associations between dietary intake and ADHD were analyzed using the TwoSampleMR package in R software. The main methods used included inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger and weighted median tests. Cochran’Q, MR-Egger, and the "leave-one-out" method were used for heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, and sensitivity analysis, respectively.

The IVW results showed that avocado (OR=0.309, 95% CI: 0.132-0.719), celery (OR=0.503, 95%CI: 0.380-0.905), mutton/lamb (OR=0.349, 95% CI: 0.170-0.715), shellfish (OR=0.083, 95% CI: 0.011-0.638), grapefruit (OR=0.175, 95% CI: 0.043-0.711) and oily fish (OR=0.687, 95% CI: 0.492-0.960) were negatively associated with the development of ADHD, and naan bread (OR=4.109, 95% CI: 1.079-15.648), average weekly intake of spirits (OR=3.320, 95% CI: 1.419-7.767), intake of artificial sweetener added to cereal (OR=5.064, 95% CI: 1.507-17.017), and standard Tea (OR=1.004, 95% CI: 1.002-1.007) were positively associated with the development of ADHD.

Increased intake of avocado, celery, mutton/lamb, shellfish, grapefruit, and oily fish reduced the risk of ADHD, whereas increased intake of naan bread, average weekly spirits intake, Intake of artificial sweetener added to cereal, and standard tea raised the risk of ADHD.