To study the effect of short-term antibiotics cocktail exposure on the intestinal flora induced by azomethane (AOM) in mice.

Forty male ICR mice aged 3 to 4 weeks were randomly divided into control group (Control group), AOM group (AOM group), antibiotic group (Abx group), and antibiotic + AOM group (AbxAOM group). During the gavage period, AbxAOM group and Abx group were administered with antibiotic solution, meanwile Control group and AOM group were administrated with corresponding volume of pure water twice a day for 2 weeks. During the period of intraperitoneal injection,AOM group and AbxAOM group were intraperitoneally injected with AOM solution, the Abx group and Control group were intraperitoneally injected with sterile 0.9% NaCl solution once a week for 4 weeks. The feces of mice were collected 5 weeks after intraperitoneal injection, and the intestinal flora of feces was analyzed by 16SrRNA sequencing.

The Chao1 index and ACE index in AbxAOM group were higher than those in AOM group. Compared with AOM group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in AbxAOM group was significantly higher (P<0.05), while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly lower at the phylum level (P<0.05). Compared with AOM group, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotella in AbxAOM group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa and Blautia increased significantly at the genus level (P<0.05).

The changes of intestinal flora after antibiotic treatment suggest that specific microbial groups rather than single strains may play an important role in the occurrence and development of CRC induced by AOM in mice.

To describe children’s unhealthy eating behavior, to explore the influence of individual and family factors on children’s unhealthy eating behavior, and to provide suggestions for children’s health education and promotion.

By using the method of random cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 452 fifth-grade students and their parents from 16 medium-sized primary schools in 4 administrative regions of Beijing.

The percentage of consumption frequency of sugary beverages, sweets, and fried puffed foods ≥ 4 days per week was 13.1%, 19.3%, and 11.0%,respectively. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the stronger ability of perceptual behavior control in personal factors (β=-0.17, P<0.01), stronger subjective supervision in family factors (β=-0.15, P<0.01), less food reserve (β=-0.14, P<0.01), and better parents’ dietary behavior (β=0.14, P<0.01) were associated with better eating behavior.

Children’s unhealthy eating behavior is affected by many family factors. Health education for parents and control and intervention of children’s unhealthy eating behavior should be strengthened.

To analyze the effects of watching short videos on the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly in China, to provide scientific basis for improving the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Based on the data of China family panel studies (CFPS) in 2020, the linear regression model and propensity score matching method were used to explore the average effect of watching short videos on the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly.

Watching short videos could significantly improve the mental health level of middle-aged people (β=-0.217, P < 0.05). Watching short videos had a more significant effect on women, rural areas, and middle-aged and elderly people with an education level of junior high school or below (women: β=-0.323, P<0.05; rural areas: β=-0.309, P<0.05; junior high school: β =-0.387, P <0.01; middle-aged people: β=-0.270, P<0.05). The nearest neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching all passed statistical tests.

Watching short videos has to some extent improved the mental health of middle-aged and elderly people, and it is necessary to further increase the internet penetration rate of the elderly population and expand the coverage of smartphone usage training. Attention should be paid to the mental health of women, rural registered residence, middle-aged and elderly people with low education and income levels as well as physical diseases.

To investigate the effect of food intake on nutritional status of elderly patients with diabetes in a physical examination center.

In total 626 subjects who underwent physical examination in a physical examination center from November 20, 2021 to September 3, 2022 were divided into diabetic group (n=130) and non-diabetic group (n=496). The general information of the subjects was collected by questionnaire, the height and weight were measured by automatic monitor, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The mini nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF) was used to evaluate the nutrition of the subjects. The cumulative illness rating scale for geriatrics (CIRS-G) was used to evaluate the type and grade of concomitant diseases. According to the BMI level of subjects, the subjects in non-diabetic group and diabetic group were divided into obesity group, overweight group, and normal weight group. Dietary retrospective method was used to investigate the nutritional intake of different obese subjects.

The CIRS-G score of the diabetic group was higher than that of the control group (t=19.827, P < 0.05). The malnutrition rate and malnutrition risk rate in the diabetic group were 13.85% and 46.15%, respectively, which were higher than those in the non-diabetic group (6.25% and 42.34%, χ²=10.676, P < 0.05). The proportion of total energy intake excess in the diabetic group was 70.00%, which was higher than that in the non-diabetic group (39.92%,χ²=41.653, P < 0.05). The proportion of obesity in the diabetic group was 23.08%, which was higher than that in the non-diabetic group (13.71%, χ²=9.982, P < 0.05). The average daily total energy intake of obese group and overweight diabetic group was 2 487.43 ± 135.23 kcal and 2 214.28 ±119.59 kcal, respectively, which was higher than that of normal weight group(2 048.56 ± 121.65, F=117.227, P<0.05). There were significant differences in carbohydrate intake, carbohydrate energy supply, protein intake, and protein energy supply among obesity group, overweight group, and normal weight group (P < 0.05).

The malnutrition rate of diabetic patients in this physical examination center is high, and food intake affects the nutritional status of diabetic patients.

To investigate the combined effects of sleep duration and muscle strength on depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults, and to provide reference for mental health promotion.

A total of 4 225 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) who participated in both 2011 and 2018 waves. Sleep duration and depressive symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire, and muscle strength (grip strength and chair-rising time) was measured. Multivariable adjusted cox regression models were used to explore the combined effects of sleep duration and muscle strength on depressive symptoms.

In total 1 465 (34.67%) participants reported depressive symptoms in 2018. After adjusting for confounding factors, participants with non-recommended sleep duration (> 9 h/d or < 7 h/d), lower grip strength, and longer chair-rising time had significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms. Compared with those with recommended sleep duration (7 to 9 h/d) and high muscle strength (high grip strength and short chair-rising time) group, individuals with non-recommended sleep duration and low muscle strength showed significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms (HR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.38-2.87).

Non-recommended sleep duration and low muscle strength are significant risk factors for depressive symptoms. Thus, increasing muscle strength and improving sleep duration should be recommended for mental health promotion in middle-aged and elderly people.

To analyze the incidence trend and epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen, to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of infectious diseases.

Descriptive epidemiological methods and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the surveillance data of infectious diseases among children in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022.

A total of 249 614 cases of 31 infectious diseases were reported in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence of 4 981.47/100 000, showing a stable trend [annual percentage change (APC)=7.19%, P>0.05]. The main diseases were respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 53.93% and 46.00% of the total cases, respectively. The top five cumulative reported cases were hand-foot-mouth disease, influenza, chicken pox, other infectious diarrheal diseases, and mumps. Among them, the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease and mumps decreased slowly, but the trend test was not statistically significant (APC was -9.70% and -3.98%, respectively, P > 0.05). Influenza and chickenpox showed a “rising-falling”trend, with the turning point in 2019. The rising trend of influenza from 2013 to 2019 was statistically significant (APC=166.11%, P=0.005), and the downward trend of chickenpox from 2019 to 2022 was statistically significant (APC=-52.42%, P=0.022). Other infectious diarrheal diseases showed an upward trend (APC=19.15%, P=0.002). The incidence of infectious diseases in kindergarten children showed a bimodal type, with a peak in summer and winter-spring. The proportion of intestinal infectious diseases in girls was lower than that in boys (P < 0.001). The proportion of intestinal infectious diseases in children aged 3 years and above was lower than that in children under 3 years old (P < 0.001).

The overall incidence of infectious diseases among kindergarten children in Shenzhen is relatively high. The vaccination rate of EV71, influenza, and varicella vaccine should be further improved. At the same time, comprehensive prevention and control measures such as monitoring and early warning, health education, and institutional health management should be taken to effectively control the occurrence and prevalence of common infectious diseases among kindergarten children.

To explore the chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and anxiety on social support and well-being in elderly patients with chronic diseases.

In total 2 177 elderly patients with chronic diseases ≥ 60 years old in the 2022 psychological and behavioral survey of Chinese residents were investigated using perceived social support scale (PSSS), World Health Organization Five item Well-being Index (WHO-5), New General self-efficacy scale (NGSES), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). The Process plug-in of SPSS was used, and the chain mediating effect test was carried out by Bootstrap method.

Self-efficacy and anxiety played a chain mediating role in the relationship between social support and well-being. Among them, the direct effect of social support on well-being was significant (β=0.345, 95%CI: 0.330-0.432), the individual mediating effect of self-efficacy was significant (β=0.201, 95%CI: 0.164-0.240), the single mediating effect of anxiety was significant (β=0.029, 95%CI: 0.006-0.016), and the chain mediating effect of self-efficacy-anxiety was significant (β=0.006, 95%CI: 0.002-0.013).

Social support can affect the well-being of elderly patients with chronic diseases through the individual or chain mediation of self-efficacy and anxiety, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the well-being of this population.

To investigate the choice of hospitalization location of floating population and analyze the influencing factors, to provide suggestions for further improving the fairness and accessibility of health services used by floating population and improving the urban medical and health service system.

The data of 4 547 floating people who had used hospitalization service in the 2018 national floating population health and family planning dynamic monitoring questionnaire were analyzed. The main analysis methods were statistical description, χ² test, and binary logistic regression analysis.

Among the 4 547 floating people who used hospitalization services, 3 435 people chose to stay in local hospital, accounting for 75.5%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that people with education of junior high school and primary school or below (OR=0.732, 95%CI: 0.578-0.927; OR=0.673, 95%CI: 0.514-0.883), inter-provincial mobility (OR=0.784, 95%CI: 0.647-0.949), occupation as production and transportation workers (OR=0.644, 95%CI: 0.462-0.897), and no contracted family doctor (OR=0.782, 95%CI: 0.615-0.994) were more likely to choose non-local hospitals for hospitalization. Those who did not have medical insurance (OR=1.516, 95%CI: 1.071-2.146) and with self-assessed health and basic health (OR=1.813, 95%CI: 1.450-2.268;OR=1.353, 95%CI: 1.095-1.671) were more likely to be hospitalized in the inflow area.

The level of hospitalization service utilization of floating population in China has been improved, but there is still room for improvement. Attention should be paid to the demands of floating population for medical treatment and hospitalization and health security. We should constantly narrow the gap in the utilization of public health services between the floating population and the local population and improve the fairness and accessibility of access to medical and health resources.

To analyze the epidemiological and spatial-temporal aggregation characteristics of other infectious diarrhea (OID) in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022, to provide scientific basis for disease prevention and control.

The data were collected from the infectious disease surveillance and reporting system of China Disease Prevention and Control Information system. Descriptive epidemiological methods, seasonal index analysis, and spatial autocorrelation analysis were used.

A total of 393 817 OID cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022. The reported annual incidence rate was 49.2/100 000 to 89.2/100 000. The overall incidence increased at first and then decreased. There were two peaks of incidence in winter and summer every year. The incidence rate showed a high-to-low trend from west to east, and the high incidence area changed dynamically with time, mainly in northwest and southwest regions. The sex ratio of reported cases ranged from 1.20 to 1.31, mainly in children under 5 years old (55.3%) and elderly people aged 60 and above(34.0%). The occupational categories were mainly children living at home (53.1%) and farmers (23.0%). Of the reported cases, 43 020(10.9%) were laboratory confirmed cases, of which viral diarrhea accounted for 95.4% and bacterial diarrhea accounted for 4.4%. The results of seasonal index analysis showed that there was a seasonal backshift in the epidemic month of viral diarrhea. The results of spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the Moran I index was between 0.307 and 0.401, and there was spatial aggregation in each year. The number of “high-high” aggregation areas fluctuated and decreased, and the distribution was mainly in the northwest.

The incidence of OID in Hubei Province fluctuates, and there are obvious characteristics of temporal and spatial aggregation. Attention should be paid to the high incidence areas and key populations in the northwest, and the surveillance, prevention, and control of OID should be strengthened.

To explore the mediating effect of activities of daily living (ADL) between arthritis and depression in the elderly, and to provide reference for preventing and intervening the occurrence and development of depression in the elderly.

Based on the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data, stepwise regression analysis and Bootstrap intermediary test were used to analyze the mediating effect of ADL between arthritis and depressive symptoms in the elderly.

The prevalence rate of arthritis was 8.12%, and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 44.60%. Arthritis was positively correlated with ADL (r=0.025, P<0.05), arthritis was positively correlated with depression symptoms (r=0.036, P<0.01), and ADL was positively correlated with depression symptoms (r=0.348, P<0.001). ADL plays a mediating role in the relationship between arthritis and depressive symptoms. The mediating effect of ADL on depressive symptoms was 0.009,and the mediating effect accounted for 25.71% of the total effect.

Arthritis has a certain influence on the depressive symptoms of the elderly through ADL. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to improve the joint health of the elderly, reduce the prevalence of arthritis, and improve ADL of the elderly, to prevent the occurrence of depression in the elderly.