To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and trends of notifiable infectious diseases among ≥ 60-year-olds in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the elderly population.

The data of ≥ 60-year-old cases of notifiable infectious diseases in Chaoyang District from 2014 to 2023 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the incidence trends and epidemiological characteristics of cases were descriptively analyzed.

From 2014 to 2023, the average annual incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases among ≥ 60-year-old population in Chaoyang District was 864.01/100 000 showing an upward trend over the years (AAPC=31.50%, P<0.05). The incidence was highest in the ≥ 85-year-old population, and the incidence rate of males was 1 020.40/100 000 and higher than that of females (922.03/100 000) (χ²=150.333, P<0.001). 48 979 cases were mainly respiratory infections, accounting for 84.56%, its incidence showed an increasing trend, while that of intestinal infectious diseases showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=40.77%, -9.12%, P<0.05). A total of 317 deaths had been reported, with an average annual mortality rate of 4.63 per 100 000.

From 2014 to 2023, the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases among ≥ 60-year-old population in Chaoyang District showed a significant upward trend, and it is necessary to pay attention to tuberculosis, AIDS and influenza. Males are at high risk of respiratory and bloodborne and sexually transmitted infections; The incidence of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases from 2020 to 2023 has no obvious seasonal characteristics, and the peak increases.

To analyze the incidence rate, spatial trends and clustering characteristics of the echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2023, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted prevention and control strategies.

Utilizing the echinococcosis surveillance data from Tibet Autonomous Region between 2019 and 2023, χ² tests were conducted using SPSS 25.0 software to compare differences between groups. ArcGIS 10.8 software was used for spatial trend surface analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis.

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 508 074 individuals were screened in Tibet Autonomous Region, with 460 new cases of echinococcosis identified, resulting in an annual average incidence rate of 0.091%. Significant differences in incidence rates were observed between different years and regions. Spatial trend analysis revealed a higher incidence in the west and lower in the east, with a higher incidence in the middle and lower incidence at both ends in the north-south direction. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that high-high clustering areas were concentrated in southwestern Tibet, while low-low clustering areas were concentrated in central and southern Tibet.

From 2019 to 2023, the incidence of echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region exhibited significant spatial trends and clustering characteristics. It is recommended to strengthen surveillance in southwestern Tibet, assess the epidemiological situation, and explore prevention and control models suitable for this region to reduce the high incidence of echinococcosis.

To mailto:analyze the serovars, antimicrobial resistance status and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of Salmonella in Haidian District, Beijing. To discover the connection between antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, and to explore the impact of disinfectant use during the COVID-19 on antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella.

Serotyping and drug susceptibility testing were performed on 107 strains andnext-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 27 strains of Salmonella collected from 2021 to 2023.

Salmonella enteritidis had the highest proportion (57.01%). Ceftazidime/avibactam and ertapenem had the highest susceptibility rates (100.0%). Ciprofloxacin had the highest intermediate rate (63.6%), and nalidixic acid had the highest resistance rate (74.8%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed increased resistance to multiple drugs. Among 27 strains, the carrying rate of aminoglycoside resistance genes was 100.0%. Most strains carried four or fewer resistance genes (88.9%). Salmonella enteritidis with drug-resistant genotypes of aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Iaa, aph(3'')-Ib, blaTEM-1B and sul2 accounted for the largest proportion (42.9%). Other serovarsSalmonella with only one type of aminoglycoside resistance gene accounted for the largest proportion (53.8%). The phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of Salmonella to streptomycin (sensitivity 100.0%, positive predictive value 77.8%), ampicillin (sensitivity 55.6%, positive predictive value 100.0%), cefotaxime (sensitivity 60.0%, positive predictive value 80.0%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (sensitivity 60.0%, positive predictive value 85.7%), and chloramphenicol (sensitivity 50.0%, positive predictive value 100.0%) showed good agreement.

The antimicrobial resistance situation of Salmonella in Haidian District is serious. The impact of disinfectants and the correlation between phenotypes and genotypes should be focused on in the future.

To explore the mediating effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the association between body mass index (BMI) and thyroid nodules, and analyze the mechanisms of how an increase in BMI contributes to the development of thyroid nodules.

We selected 1 627 individuals who underwent health examinations at a hospital in Shenzhen from December 2020 to October 2023. Demographic data, physical examination, and biochemical test information were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between BMI, HbA1c, and thyroid nodules. The bootstrap method was used to assess the mediating effect of HbA1c on the relationship between BMI and thyroid nodules.

Among the 1 627 participants, there were 520 males and 1 107 females, with males and females accounting for 32.0% and 68.0% of the sample, respectively. The detection rate of thyroid nodules was 40.9% (666/1 627). Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the nodule group and the non-nodule group in terms of age, BMI, occupation, education level, salt intake, HbA1c, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Multivariate analysis indicated that elevated BMI and HbA1c levels were risk factors for thyroid nodules, with OR(95% CI) of 1.038 (1.002-1.075) and 1.297(1.060-1.587), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that HbA1c partially mediated the effect of BMI on the prevalence of thyroid nodules (β=0.018, 95% CI [0.007 - 0.035]), with the mediating effect of HbA1c accounting for 31.58% of the total effect.

BMI and HbA1c are influencing factors of the risk of thyroid nodules, with HbA1c partially mediating the impact of BMI on the incidence of thyroid nodules.

To study the main influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia using logistic regression and decision tree models and to understand their psychological characteristics, in order to take targeted measures to improve the mental health status of them.

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 537 patients with functional dyspepsia from two tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang, using a general demographic data survey, Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Multidimensional Health Control Source Scale (MHLC), and Simplified Niping Digestive Dysfunction Index (SF-NDI). Binary logistic regression model and CHAID algorithm based classification decision tree to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia. Compare the differences between the two models.

Logistic regression results showed that the leaders and staffs of state institutions (OR=5.13, 95% CI:1.031-25.529), freelances, the unemployed(OR=6.3, 95% CI:1.291-30.749), the worse the emotional states (OR=1.167, 95% CI:1.03-1.323), the worse the gastrointestinal symptoms(OR=1.065, 95% CI:1.037-1.095), and health authority control (OR=1.032, 95% CI:1.006-1.06) were associated with a higher risk of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia (P<0.05). The results of decision tree modeling showed that gastrointestinal symptoms, health authority figure control and emotional state were the influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia, among which gastrointestinal symptoms were the most important influencing factors.

Both models have classification and prediction value, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The two can complement each other, making the analysis results more practical.

To investigate the relationship between the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and the risk of albuminuria in hypertensive patients based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

This study utilized NHANES data from 2003 to 2018, including 5 705 hypertensive patients. Weighted logistic regression models were employed to adjust for confounding factors, and restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to assess the correlation. Finally, subgroup analyses were performed to observe the correlation between SIRI and albuminuria in different hypertensive populations.

Among the 5 705 recruited participants, 54.28% were male. The prevalence of albuminuria was 12.81%. In the multivariate logistic regression model 3 with full adjustment for confounding variables, for every one standard deviation increase in SIRI levels, there was a 20% increase in the risk of albuminuria (OR=1.20,95% CI:1.07-1.34). When SIRI was analyzed as quartiles, with Q1 serving as the reference group, Q2 (OR=1.42,95% CI:1.02-1.97), Q3 (OR=1.55,95% CI:1.13-2.11), and Q4 (OR=1.94,95% CI:1.40-2.69) all demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the risk of albuminuria. Restricted cubic spline fitting revealed a non-linear positive correlation between SIRI and albuminuria. Stratified and interaction analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.

SIRI levels demonstrate a non-linear positive correlation with the risk of albuminuria in hypertensive patients and represent a high-risk factor across different age groups and genders within the hypertensive population.

To explore the reasonable setting of the experimental teaching project of the core course of undergraduate preventive medicine under the background of "new medicine".

A questionnaire was used to investigate the familiarity and score of the core experimental courses of preventive medicine among professionals in medical institutions and universities, and the results were statistically analyzed. Interviews with experts were conducted for experimental projects with low scores and those recommended by employers to explore reasonable experimental teaching projects for core courses of preventive medicine.

A total of 218 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall score of most experimental items in "Public Health Skills" was more than 8 points, and there was no significant difference in scores among different units (P>0.05). The overall score of the experimental items of the other preventive medicine experimental courses was more than 6 points, and the scores of the classical experimental operation experimental items of the CDC and the primary medical and health institutions were lower than those of other units (P<0.05). After sorting out the open questions in the questionnaire and interviews with experts, each employer intended to recommend adding experimental projects of on-site emergency handling and practical operation.

At present, the experimental teaching project of the core course of the undergraduate specialty of preventive medicine is reasonable. The reasonable setting of classic experimental operation experimental items and comprehensive practical experimental items in the core courses of undergraduate preventive medicine is worth studying.

To investigate the longitudinal association between glycemic profile and the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as the impact of genetic susceptibility on this association.

Utilizing baseline survey and genetic data from the UK Biobank, Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the correlation between baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and glycemic status with the onset of CKD, along with the role of genetic susceptibility in this relationship.

A total of 81 059 participants were included in this study, with 15.2% classified as prediabetic and 6.9%as diabetic. During a median follow-up period of 13.5 years, 3 637 new cases of CKD were observed. Multivariable-adjusted models indicated that both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes significantly increased the risk of developing CKD compared to participants with normal blood glucose levels, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 2.04 (95%CI:1.85-2.25) and 1.09 (95%CI: 1.00-1.18), respectively. A clear risk gradient was observed when HbA1c was below the diabetes threshold; participants with HbA1c ≥6.6% had approximately double the risk of CKD compared to those with HbA1c <5.0%. A significant multiplicative interaction between glycemic status and genetic risk was found (P _interaction <0.001). In all genetic risk groups, hyperglycemia significantly increased the risk of CKD. Among participants with high genetic risk, those with both T2D and high genetic risk exhibited the highest CKD risk (HR=6.67, 95%CI: 5.75-7.74) compared to those with low genetic risk and normal blood glucose.

Glycemic status is associated with the risk of CKD across all genetic risk groups.

To explore the association between blood pressure levels and the risk of stroke-related death in type 2 diabetic population.

A survey was carried out on 9 708 type 2 diabetic patients who participated in the chronic disease patient health management of basic public health services in Huai’an District and Qing jiang pu District (former Qing he District) of Huai’an city. Multivariate proportional-hazards Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the association between blood pressure levels and the risk of stroke-related death in type 2 diabetic patients, and further stratified analysis was carried out according to smoking, body mass index (BMI), central obesity, and dyslipidemia respectively. The follow-up duration was calculated from December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2020, and death from stroke (I60-I69) was defined as the end-point event.

The follow-up duration was 63 833.8 person-years, and the stroke death density was 5.4 per 1 000 person-years. After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, taking the normal blood pressure group as the reference, the HR value of the stroke-related death risk in the grade III hypertension group was 4.45 (95%CI: 2.09-9.48). The stratified analysis results showed that compared with the normal blood pressure group, among smokers, those with BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m², those with central obesity, and those with dyslipidemia, the stroke-related death risks in the grade III hypertension group increased by 3.12 (HR=4.12, 95%CI:1.16-14.67), 1.97 (HR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.26-7.00), 3.19 (HR=4.19, 95%CI: 1.27-13.86), and 5.49 (HR=6.49, 95%CI: 1.97-21.43) times, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by excluding the baseline stroke patients, participants who died in the first year of follow-up, and those over 80 years old, and a significant positive relationship between blood pressure levels and the risk of stroke-related death was found.

Elevated blood pressure levels will increase the risk of stroke-related death in type 2 diabetic patients, and there is a positive relationship between blood pressure levels and the risk of death. Among type 2 diabetic patients, those with low BMI have a higher risk of stroke-related death than those with high BMI.

To construct a mitochondrial-related risk assessment model to explore the impact of mitochondria on the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), predict immune status, and evaluate its potential value.

Mitochondrial and NSCLC-related data were downloaded from the MitoCarta3.0 database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, respectively. Differentially expressed mitochondrial-related genes were screened, and a risk scoring model was constructed using Cox regression analysis. Based on the median risk score, NSCLC patients in the TCGA database were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. The validity of the prognostic model was verified using Kaplan-Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, clinical case feature analysis, and immune status assessment.

A total of 320 mitochondrial-related genes were obtained from NSCLC samples. Four key model genes (TIMM10, CYP24A1, BCL2L10, ACSM5) were selected through COX analysis, leading to the construction of a nomogram prediction model for NSCLC. Immune cell infiltration assessment revealed a negative correlation between risk scores and the enrichment of T cells, B cells, and macrophages; conversely, the enrichment of resting mast cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and myeloid progenitor cells was positively correlated with risk scores. Patients in the high-risk group had shorter overall survival and exhibited higher levels of immune suppressive cell infiltration. Validation of the IMvigor210 immunotherapy model showed significant differences in survival probabilities between high-risk and low-risk groups in bladder cancer.

This study established a mitochondrial gene risk scoring model for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC. TIMM10,CYP24A1, BCL2L10, and ACSM5 are promising potential targets for further research on NSCLC.