To analyze the trend of incidence and mortality of liver cancer due to HBV (hepatitis B virus, HBV) infection in China from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of liver cancer.

Using the Global Burden of Disease database, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer due to HBV infection in China were analysed from 1990 to 2019, and a Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyse the trends in the incidence and mortality of liver cancer due to HBV infection. An age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the effects of three factors: age, period, and cohort on changes in morbidity and mortality.

The overall trend of the standardized incidence rate and the standardized mortality rate of liver cancer due to HBV infection for both men and women in China from 1990 to 2019 showed a decreasing trend. The average annual rates of change in the standardized incidence rate for men and women were -2.94% and -4.24%, respectively. And the average annual rates of change in the standardized mortality rate were -3.35% and -4.45%, respectively. The age-period-cohort model showed that the risk of morbidity and mortality for males and females tended to increase and then decrease with age, and the overall trend decreased with period and birth cohort, but there was a slight increase locally.

The incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer caused by HBV infection show a substantial downward trend from 1990 to 2019. In the future, the problem of HBV-induced liver cancer will remain serious, and it is recommended that hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) vaccination be expanded among high-risk groups, and that public education on health behaviors be strengthened and early screening for liver cancer be actively carried out.

To explore the longitudinal trajectory of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and its influencing factors in community hypertensive patients.

We used data from national basic public health services for nine counties in Shandong Province to conduct a prospective cohort study. Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) was used to explore the trajectory of systolic blood pressure. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to describe the changes in trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of the trajectories.

A total of 104 402 hypertension patients were included. The systolic blood pressure trajectories could be divided into four groups: Stage-1 high blood pressure gradually decreased group (21.8%), Stage-1 high blood pressure stable group (55.5%), Stage-2 high blood pressure gradually decreased group (7.2%) and Stage-2 high blood pressure increased group (15.6%). The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure values at different time points or different groups (P<0.001, P<0.001). The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that compared with the group with Stage-1 high blood pressure gradually decreased, the people with less education(OR=82.68, 95% CI:75.60-90.42), physical inactivity(OR=2.77, 95% CI:2.19-3.50), high frequency of drinking(OR=1.39, 95% CI:1.17-1.64), general compliance behavior(OR=1.44, 95% CI:1.18-1.75), intermittent medication(OR=2.15, 95% CI:1.98-2.34) were more likely to be classified into the group with Stage-2 high blood pressure increased. People with increased age (OR=1.03, 95% CI:1.02-1.03), and regular medication (OR=1.94, 95% CI:1.79-2.11) were more likely to be classified into the group with Stage-2 high blood pressure gradually decreased.

The systolic blood pressure trajectories in hypertensive patients can be divided into 4 categories. In the future, we should make more efficient assessments and interventions based on homogeneous populations of systolic blood pressure trajectories and their risk factors.

To explore the longitudinal bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and HIV infection risk behaviors among young men who have sex with men (YMSM).

A longitudinal study design was used to recruit 489 YMSM from September 2017 to January 2018 (T1), and two follow-up surveys were completed from July to September 2018 (T2) and from June to July 2019 (T3), respectively. The cross-lagged path analysis model was used to analyze the causality, time series relationship and interactive direction between depressive symptoms and HIV infection risk behaviors.

Data of 347 YMSM were analyzed using cross-lagged path analysis. The results showed that T1 depressive symptoms significantly and positively predicted T2 HIV infection risk behaviors (β=0.071, 95% CI: 0.000-0.142), and T2 depressive symptoms significantly and positively predicted T3 HIV infection risk behaviors (β=0.072, 95% CI: 0.000-0.143). However, T1 HIV infection risk behaviors did not significantly predict T2 depressive symptoms and T2 HIV infection risk behaviors did not significantly predict T3 depressive symptoms.

Depressive symptoms among YMSM significantly and positively predicted HIV infection risk behaviors, with a unidirectional causal temporal relationship. Therefore, the level of depressive symptoms should be considered as an essential factor in HIV infection risk behavior interventions for YMSM.

To comprehensively evaluate the vulnerability level of elderly farmers and herdsmen’s family old-age pension and analyze the obstacle factors.

Based on the vulnerability framework, we constructed a family old-age pension vulnerability assessment index system, and selected 2 594 research subjects for questionnaire survey by multi-stage random cluster sampling. We applied entropy-weight-TOPSIS method to comprehensively evaluate the level of elderly farmers and herdsmen’s family old-age pension vulnerability, and explored the obstacle factors.

60.14% of the elderly farmers and herders in the southern mountainous pastoral areas of Xinjiang had medium or high levels of vulnerability to old age; the three dimensions of vulnerability to old age and their degree of obstacles were sensitivity (47.59%), adaptive capacity (27.73%), and exposure (25.58%); the top five obstacles and their degree of obstacles were hospitalization due to illness (11.86%), physical fitness index (10.86%), and physical health index (11.86%); and the top five obstacles and their degree of obstacles were hospitalization due to illness (11.86%). The top five barriers and their degree of obstacles were hospitalization due to illness (11.86%), body mass index (10.17%), debt (10.06%), caring for grandchildren (9.16%), and self-care ability (5.70%); and the degree of obstacles to care for the elderly was the fourth highest among elderly farmers (8.62%) and the fourteenth highest among elderly pastoralists (2.69%).

There are differences in vulnerability levels and obstacles between elderly farmers and herders. It is recommended to pay attention to the differences in the characteristics of elderly farmers and herders themselves and their pension resources, so as to formulate more accurate pension strategies.

To intervene in the process of the information epidemic's impact on public anxiety through a mediated model with moderation, and to explore the relationship between information epidemic and anxiety and its mechanism of action, with a view to better solving the difficulties it poses, eliminating the atmosphere of public anxiety shrouded by the information epidemic under the public health emergencies, and further stifling the possibilities of the generation of social risk crises.

Using a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling, 1 580 valid questionnaires were surveyed nationwide, and descriptive statistical analyses, regression analyses, and mediated moderated effects analyses were conducted.

Information epidemic had a positive predictive effect on anxiety level (β=0.14, P<0.001), mental toughness partially mediated the relationship between information epidemic and anxiety level 0.30 (95% CI:0.10-0.52), with the indirect effect accounting for 15.4 % of the total effect; and education level played a moderating role in the second half of the pathway of the aforementioned mediation model (β=-0.36, P<0.001).

In the context of public health emergencies, it is recommended to improve the public's mental toughness and education level to mitigate the adverse impacts of information outbreaks, and then reduce the negative emotions of public anxiety.

To explore the bidirectional causal relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

The dataset was pooled by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), of which MS data contained 14 498 samples and IBD data contained 24 865 samples, including 6 968 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 17 897 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD). Random effect inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WME), MR-Egger regression, and weighted model were used for MR Analysis.

MS was found to increase the risk of UC (IVW: OR=1.108; 95% CI: 1.012-1.213; P<0.05), but not associated with the risk of CD (IVW: OR=1.021; 95% CI: 0.926-1.127; P>0.05); UC also increased the risk of MS, and the two were causal (IVW: OR=1.096; 95% CI: 1.027-1.169; P<0.05), and CD was associated with an increased risk of MS (IVW: OR=1.133; 95% CI: 1.003-1.279; P<0.05). After the MR-Egger regression intercept item test, it was found that there was no horizontal pleiotropy (P>0.05). The heterogeneity test results were all <0.001, so we should pay more attention to the random effects IVW model.

MS is associated with an increased risk of UC, but the effect on CD is not significant. IBD increases the risk of developing MS.

To explore the association of different glycemic measures and the risk of cancer.

A prospective cohort study conducted in Pudong New Area was used to solve the question. Cox proportional hazard model and Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model were used to explore the associations between different glycemic measures and the risk of cancer.

A total of 411 new cancer patients were observed after median 7.78 years follow-up, accumulative person-year incidence rates were 7.12/1 000. After multi-variable adjustment, the HR (95% CI) of elevated FPG and 2hPG were 1.10 (1.03~1.18) and 1.11 (1.02~1.20), respectively. The association between FPG and cancer risk showed a linear dose-response relationship; the association between 2hPG and cancer risk showed a trend toward a U-shaped dose-response relationship.

FPG and 2hPG are important risk factors for cancer, attention should be paid in the prevention and intervention of cancer.

To investigate the effect and mechanism of HBV-stimulated HTR8-S/Vneo mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) signaling pathway on the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) to hepatitis B vaccine.

The HTR8-S/Vneo were co-incubated with serum of HBV-DNA positive patients. MAVS siRNA transfection was hereby applied for silencing of MAVS and MAVS plasmid transfection was applied for overexpression of MAVS in HTR8-S/Vneo. We then cocultured them with human immune cells assembly PBMC and subsequently stimulated with hepatitis B vaccine. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MAVS, NF-κB, pNF-κB, IRF3 and pIRF3 in HTR8-S/Vneo were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry (FCM). The levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-β and IL-17 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the proportion of CD4⁺T cell were detected by flow cytometry. The data were analyzed for t test.

HBV down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of MAVS, NF-κB, IRF3 (t=6.66, P=0.003; t=14.18, P<0.001; t=3.70, P=0.021) and the protein expression levels of MAVS, NF-κB, pNF-κB (t=3.42, P=0.042; t=4.23, P=0.013; t=4.86, P=0.008), and inhibited the production of IFN-β (t=9.83, P=0.010). Silencing MAVS down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of MAVS (t=31.20, P<0.001; t=6.53, P=0.023), inhibited the expression of IFN-β (t=5.46, P=0.032), and reduced the proportion of CD4⁺T cells in PBMC (t=9.07, P=0.001). Overexpression of MAVS induced IFN-β production (t=-34.26, P<0.001; t=-5.11, P=0.036), but the proportion of CD4⁺T cells did not show significant effect (t=-0.73, P=0.506).

HBV can inhibit the MAVS signaling pathway in HTR8-S/Vneo. Overexpression of MAVS could promote the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in PBMC.

The purpose of this study was to investigate loneliness and its influencing factors among female migrant elderly following children (MEFC) in Jinan City, based on which to recommend suggestions to alleviate the loneliness of female MEFC.

The data came from a survey conducted in 2020 in Jinan City, on the MEFC, and 418 valid samples were obtained by using multistage cluster sampling. The ULS-8 scale was used to measure the loneliness of female MEFC, and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to measure the social support status. t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to test the differences in loneliness of female MEFC with different characteristics, and multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the influencing factors of the loneliness of female MEFC.

371 (88.8%) female MEFC came from rural areas, 369 (88.3%) of them moved to take care of their grandchildren, the social support score of female MEFC was (39.5±6.0), the loneliness score was (12.9±4.0), and the factors influencing loneliness included: personal monthly income(β=-0.17, P<0.001,95% CI：-3.337--1.007), type of household registration (β=-0.12, P=0.008, 95% CI:-2.523--0.385), year of migration (β=-0.09, P=0.042, 95% CI: -2.155--0.038), perception of being a local (β=-0.17, P=0.018, 95% CI: 0.267-2.840), the frequency of participation in community square dance (β=-0.18, P<0.001, 95% CI: -3.614--1.092) and community-organized activities (β=-0.13, P=0.013, 95% CI: -2.636--0.306), and social support (β=-0.19, P<0.001, 95% CI: -0.186- -0.064).

The level of loneliness among female MEFC was lower than that of female empty nesters but higher than that of male elderly. To alleviate the loneliness of female MEFC, joint efforts are needed from the communities where female MEFC live, family members of female MEFC, and female MEFC themselves.

To explore the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the risk of lung cancer (LC) (including three subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)) using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach (MR).

The analysis was performed using summary datasets of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in European ancestry. Using 380 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNP) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus as instrumental variables (IV), the primary analysis used inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression and weighted median estimator method to investigate the causal association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and lung cancer and its subtypes. Sensitivity analyses were performed including MR-Egger regression intercept test, removing SNPs associated with potential confounding traits, excluding palindromic SNPs, and “leave one out” method.

IVW method showed that genetically predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus was not associated with the risk of lung cancer and its subtypes (LC OR: 1.003, 95% CI: 0.974-1.034; LAC OR: 0.981, 95% CI: 0.943-1.021; LSCC OR: 1.043, 95% CI: 0.995-1.093; SCLC OR: 0.988, 95% CI: 0.921-1.061, respectively). The results remained consistent by using MR-Egger method and weighted median estimator method. The robustness of results was collaborated by several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions This study dosen’t provide evidence supporting the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of overall lung cancer and its subtypes.