Based on the health big data platform of Yichang city, to analyze the characteristics of allergic diseases of children born in medical institutions from 2017 to 2022 in Yichang city, and to clarify the distribution of allergic diseases among children in Yichang city.

Statistical analysis was conducted based on the records of born children with allergic diseases in the outpatient clinic of urban comprehensive medical institutions from 2017 to 2022 in the big data cloud platform of Yichang city.

The number of visits of male children was 68 707, more than that of female children, and the number of visits had been increasing since 2017. The highest number of hospital visits was 46 190 (37.86%) among children of 0-1 year old, of which the highest number of visits was 3 331(13.74%) among children of two months. Atopic dermatitis/eczema and allergic rhinitis had a higher number of visits with 46 156 and 14 388 visits, respectively. The age of onset of atopic dermatitis was earlier, with the age of first consultation being 0.42 years, and the age of onset was earlier in males than in females. Atopic dermatitis/eczema and allergic rhinitis were the most common multimorbidities.

For children with atopic dermatitis/eczema and/or allergic rhinitis, the focus is on the development of concomitant diseases to further interrupt the allergic process and promote early detection, prevention and treatment of the disease.

To comprehensively evaluate the technical support ability of occupational disease surveillance and evaluation of the county-level Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Sichuan Province, in order to optimize the allocation of resources, improve the support ability of occupational disease prevention and control, and provide reference for balanced development.

The technical support ability of occupational disease surveillance and evaluation of county-level CDCs in Sichuan Province was comprehensively evaluated by entropy weight TOPSIS method, followed by classification by RSR method.

Among the 179 county-level CDCs in Sichuan Province, 29 county-level CDCs such as Jiangyou, Mianzhu, and Zhongjiang were rated as “good”, and 28 county-level CDCs such as Shiqu, Batang and Daocheng were rated as “poor”.The rest were rated as “medium”. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that the grading results were statistically significant (H=120.21, P < 0.001).

The overall level of technical support ability of occupational disease surveillance and evaluation of county-level CDCs in Sichuan Province is not high, and there are great differences among economic zones and within cities (prefectures). In order to achieve an overall improvement and balanced development of technical support capacity for occupational disease monitoring and assessment in county-level CDCs in Sichuan Province, more policy attention should be given, occupational and radiological health technology services certification should be vigorously promoted, targeted training and professional title promotion should be strengthened for specialized talents, and critical instruments should be gradually equipped.

To evaluate the potential causal relationship between blood metabolites and the risk of heart failure by two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Based on a genome-wide association study containing 486 blood metabolites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) independently associated with blood metabolites was selected as instrumental variables. The heart failure data were derived from the Genome-Wide Association Study of the Molecular Epidemiology Research Consortium for Therapeutic Targets in Heart Failure. The potential causal relationship between them was analyzed by inverse variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression method, and weighted median method, and the sensitivity analysis was perfomed using MR-Egger regression intercept, Cochran Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method.

In total 7 516 SNP associated with blood metabolites were selected as instrumental variables. The results of inverse variance weighting analysis showed that pantothenic acid was associated with heart failure (OR=1.29, 95%CI: 1.03-1.63). Sensitivity analysis results indicated that the results were robust.

This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between pantothenic acid and the risk of heart failure, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and drug targets of heart failure.

To analyze the transmission of HIV-1 infections newly found in Luzhou city, Sichuan Province in 2021,and to investigate the risk factors and characteristics of HIV-1 transmission network, so as to provide data for the prevention and control of AIDS epidemic in Luzhou.

The blood samples and demographic information of 363 newly reported HIV-1 infections in Luzhou in 2021 were collected. The HIV-1 pol gene sequence was amplified by nested PCR, and the virus subtype and transmissible drug resistance were analyzed according to the pol gene sequence. The molecular network was constructed based on the optimal gene distance (d=1.5%) and the characteristics of molecular transmission network and its influencing factors were analyzed.

A total of 346 valid sequences were obtained, including 113 cases of CRF07_BC subtype (32.66%),107 cases of CRF01_AE subtype (30.92%), 99 cases of CRF08_BC subtype (28.61%), 18 cases of CRF105_0108 subtype (5.20%), and 9 cases of other subtypes (2.60%). The rate of transmitted drug resistance of HIV-1 was 15.03% (52/346), and dual drug resistance was detected in 4 samples. A total of 34 molecular clusters were formed, and the number of cases in the clusters ranged from 2 to 25, with 148 individuals (42.77%) included in the transmission network under the optimal genetic distance threshold (1.5%). There were significant differences in age, education level, infection route, genotype, and registered residence registration (P<0.05). Logistic regression found that education level and registered residence were the influencing factors of network access.

The newly reported HIV-1 infection in Luzhou city shows diversity of virus genes. CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC, and CRF08_ BC subtype have become the main subtype of epidemic virus strains, and molecular transmission network should be established for long-term monitoring in this region to take targeted measures to block its further transmission.

To provide reference for improving and promoting the management and reform of practical ability training of Master of Public Health (MPH).

Based on the connotation of practical ability, combined with the characteristics of practical ability training in sample colleges, the USEM model of MPH practical ability was constructed, and the multiple realization paths that could improve MPH practical ability were extracted by fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis.

Eight combined paths were identified including practical interest A* achievement motive B* no practical pressure ~ C* adaptability and strain capacy D* interpersonal communication E* team work and autonomous learning ability F* professional knowledge G* professional skill H* lack of analytical ability and judgement ~ I* implementation ability K* monitoring and evaluation ability L (* represented “and” while ~ represented “not”). Through the interactive comparison of different combination paths, it is found that practical interest, achievement motivation and self-monitoring and evaluation ability are the necessary conditions to improve the practical ability of MPH. Social adaptability had an important influence on the improvement of MPH practical ability. Practical pressure and implementation ability could complement each other in improving MPH practical ability. Practical interest, achievement motivation, analysis and judgment ability and decision planning ability were the core conditions to improve MPH practical ability.

It is suggested to improve practical interest, stimulate achievement motivation, strengthen self-monitoring and evaluation ability, pay attention to the cultivation of social adaptability and improve students’ comprehensive quality, restrict industry mentors by system to give students appropriate practical pressure, and explore the opportunity of situational education and strengthen the ability of situational practice.

To analyze the basic hygiene status and main health hazard factors of public places in Hainan Province, so as to provide technical support for promoting health management of public places.

The health hazard factors of 200 public places in Hainan Province were monitored in 2022, and the results were statistically analyzed.

A total of 2 339 samples from public places in Hainan Province were monitored, and the overall qualified rate was 83.9%. There were significant differences in the qualified rates of samples from different types of places (χ²=120.63, P < 0.05). Among them, the qualified rates of swimming pools (halls) and hotels (hotels) were relatively low, which were 65.8% and 76.3%, respectively, while the overall qualified rates of the other five types of places were between 85.7% and 96.5%. The main unqualified indexes of indoor air in hotels were formaldehyde, the total number of bacteria, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5. The main unqualified indexes of indoor air in barber shops and beauty shops were ammonia and PM₁₀. The main unqualified index of indoor air in shopping malls (supermarkets) was the total number of bacteria. The total number of bacteria detected in all kinds of public goods and appliances in 6 types of public places exceeded the limit. The unqualified rate of pH value of towels in hotels, beauty shops, and barber shops was 43.2%, 13.6% and 11.4%, respectively. The main unqualified indexes of swimming pool were the pH value of swimming pool water, urea and oxidation-reduction potential, and the unqualified rate of oxidation-reduction potential was 29.6%.

The hygienic condition of public places in Hainan Province still needs to be improved in 2022. It is suggested that the relevant departments further strengthen the supervision and monitoring of the total number of bacteria, ammonia, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and formaldehyde in indoor air, the total number of bacteria, coliform group and pH value of towels for public goods, and the redox potential, urea and pH value of swimming pool water.

To investigate the influence of income level on fertility intention of migrant women in China, and to provide theoretical support for the formulation and implementation of supporting measures to enhance the fertility intention of migrant women.

Based on the survey data of health and family planning of floating population in 2018, the influence of income level on fertility intention of migrant women was analyzed by ologist regression model, and robustness test and heterogeneity test were carried out.

The results of ologist model regression analysis showed that the income level had a significant positive effect on the fertility intention of migrant women (OR=1.182, 95%CI: 1.096-1.274, P < 0.01). The robustness test and heterogeneity test showd that the positive effect of income level remained stable.

Migrant women with higher income levels have higher fertility intention, and income levels have a positive effect on the fertility intention of migrant women.This suggests that a variety of measures including raising the income level on all fronts could be taken to enhance the fertility intention of migrant women.

To analyze the treatment outcomes and influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2022, and to improve a basis for enhancing tuberculosis prevention and control strategies.

Individual cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2022 were obtained from The Tuberculosis Information Management System. The distribution characteristics of treatment success were described using percentages (%), and the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression model were utilized to analyze the factors influencing treatment outcomes.

During the period of 2017 to 2022, the annual average registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province was 97.27/100 000 population, exhibiting a consistent downward trend (trend χ²=2 230.684, P<0.001). Meanwhile, the treatment success rate among the patients during the same time period was 92.89%, demonstrating a steady increase (trend χ²=51.800, P<0.001). Analysis results of influencing factors showed that compared with female, age group <20 years old, cadres and staff, physical examination, negative etiological results, initial treatment, no comorbidities, no other tuberculosis, and negative HIV test results, male (OR=0.736, 95% CI:0.709-0.765), ≥60 years old age group (OR=0.360, 95% CI:0.323-0.402), farmers (OR=0.591, 95% CI:0.468-0.747), medical treatment due to illness (OR=0.716, 95% CI: 0.599-0.855), retreatment (OR=0.570, 95% CI:0.540-0.602), complications (OR=0.789, 95% CI:0.752-0.827), other tuberculosis (OR=0.685, 95% CI:0.542-0.867) and positive HIV test results (OR=0.387, 95% CI:0.342-0.437) were risk factors for successful treatment(P<0.05).

Overall, the treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province are highly positive. However, it is essential to recognize that there are disparities in the distribution of treatment outcomes across various population groups. Hence, it is recommended to prioritize the treatment concerns of specific demographics, including male patients, the elderly population, individuals residing in Bijie city, patients with positive microbiological results, HIV=positive patients, individuals requiring retreatment, and those with comorbidities or concurrent tuberculosis. By focusing on these groups, targeted interventions and tailored approaches can be implemented to ensure that all individuals receive optimal treatment and care.

Toanalyze the prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural areas of Yunnan Province.

The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 1 402 rural Hani ethnic minority older adults aged ≥60 years in Mojiang County, Yunnan, each participant received a questionnaire survey and physical examination. Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to assess the possible influencing factors of COPD status.

Among the Hani ethnic minority older adults investigated, the prevalence of COPD was 8.84%. Men had a significantly higher prevalence of COPD than women (12.04% and 5.90%, χ²=16.348,P<0.001). Prevalence of COPD increased with advancing age (χ²=5.625,P=0.018). Hani older adults with a family history of COPD, individuals with low body mass index, and smokers had a higher prevalence of COPD than their counterparts (χ²=13.791,χ²=36.651,χ²=14.963,P<0.001). The results of SEM analysis indicated that gender, age, low body mass index, smoking had an effect on prevalence of COPD with the total effects of -2.53, 0.66, 1.79, 1.20 and 0.30, respectively.

The prevalence of COPD among Hani older adults was comparatively low in rural Yunnan, and men, advanced age groups, those with a family history of COPD, those with a low body mass index, and smokers were the priority populations for COPD prevention and control.

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of elderly patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in Chongqing, and to provide evidence for the formulation of prevention and control policies for drug-resistant tuberculosis in elderly population in Chongqing. MethodsData of RR-TB patients registered in Chongqing from 2011 to 2022 were collected through the tuberculosis surveillance module of National Health Security Information Project-Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Then, RR-TB patients over 65 years were screened. Retrospectively, descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of elderly patients with RR-TB, and to compare them with RR-TB in the whole population.

A total of 5 797 RR-TB patients were registered in Chongqing from 2011 to 2022, among which 885 were over 65 years old, accounting for 15.27%. The annual average patient registration rate of elderly RR-TB patients was 1.81/100 000, showed an increasing trend year by year.(,P<0.05). The elderly RR-TB patients were mainly male (80.90%), local population(75.03%), farmers (56.61%) and re-treatment (57.18%). The elderly RR-TB patients of local population, farmers and newly diagnosed patients increased year by year (,22.904,21.581, all P<0.05). In the number of elderly RR-TB patients, the central urban area accounted for the most (29.49%), and the city cluster of Wuling Mountain area in southeast Chongqing. There were statistical differences between different areas. In terms of region, the new area of the main city accounted for the most (29.49%), and the town of Wuling Mountain area in southeast Chongqing accounted for the lowest (12.88%), There were statistical differences between different areas (χ²=42.422, P<0.05). The treatment acceptance rate of elderly RR-TB patients registered from 2011 to 2020 was 83.52%, and the treatment success rate was only 34.59%. The main reasons for unsuccessful treatment were death (19.96%)and loss to follow(28.60%).

The epidemic situation of RR-TB in the elderly is serious.Initial drug resistance, treatment acceptance, standardized management should be paid special attention.