To analyze the changes in the burden of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) due to esophageal cancer in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the DALY trends over the next 20 years, providing scientific basis for policy-making and public health interventions.

The analysis of DALY changes due to esophageal cancer in China from 1990 to 2021 was conducted using the Global Burden of Disease Study database. Joint point regression analysis was employed to assess the annual percentage change in the DALY rate for esophageal cancer in China, and comparisons were made with North Korea, Japan, South Korea, and the United States. A decomposition analysis was performed to evaluate the contributions of population aging, population growth, and age-specific factors to the changes in esophageal cancer DALY. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was used to forecast the changes in esophageal cancer DALY over the next 20 years.

In 2021, the total number of DALYs due to esophageal cancer in China was approximately 6.8 987 million years, with a significantly higher burden in males compared to females;individuals aged 65 and older accounted for 52.71% of the total DALYs. Compared to international data, China exhibited a more pronounced declining trend in esophageal cancer DALYs. From 1990 to 2021, the DALY rate decreased, with population aging and growth being the main driving factors for the increase in DALY burden. The BAPC predictive analysis indicated a slow declining trend in the total standardized DALY rate for esophageal cancer in China over the next 20 years.

Over the past 30 years, the burden of DALYs due to esophageal cancer in the Chinese population has shown a significant declining trend, particularly among males and the elderly. Future efforts should focus on enhancing screening coverage and interventions for high-risk populations.

To investigate the molecular mechanism by which Astragal side IV (ASV) combined with Quercetin (QUE) inhibits silica (SiO₂)-induced macrophage proptosis activation.

An in vitro co-culture system was established using rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) and rat fibroblasts (RFL-6). The experiment was divided into six groups: control group, drug group, SiO₂ group, SiO₂ + drug group, SiO₂ + Balmacaan (Bel) group, and SiO₂ + drug + Bel group. After 24 hours of intervention, cell and supernatant samples were collected. The levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the supernatant were measured using ELISA. The protein levels of α-SMA,Vimentin, and E-Cadherin (E-cad) in RFL-6 cells were detected using Western blot. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 in NR8383 cells were assessed using PCR and Western blot, respectively.

Compared to the control group, the levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and HMGB1 in the supernatant of the SiO₂ group were significantly increased (P<0.05), the protein levels of α-SMA and Vimentin in RFL-6 cells were elevated, while E-cad protein levels were reduced. The expression levels of (Cleaved-) Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 mRNA and protein in NR8383 cells were also significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared to the SiO₂ group, the levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and HMGB1 in the supernatants of the SiO₂ + drug group, SiO₂ + Bel group, and SiO₂ + drug + Bel group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein levels of α-SMA and Vimentin in RFL-6 cells were reduced, and E-cad protein levels were elevated. The expression levels of (Cleaved-) Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 mRNA and protein in NR8383 cells were also significantly decreased (P<0.05).

ASV combined with QUE may reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the proptosis levels of macrophages exposed to SiO₂ in the co-culture system, thereby suppressing the fibrosis levels in fibroblasts.

To investigate the effects of nickel cobalt manganese lithium (NCM) on the metabolic pathways of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).

The MTS assay was employed to assess the impact of NCM on the viability of BEAS-2B cells, determining exposure concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml. Cell samples were collected after 48 hours of exposure. Intracellular metabolites were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was utilized to investigate changes in the metabolic profile. Differential metabolites were selected based on a variable importance in projection (VIP) value >1, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescence probes were used to assess the effects of NCM on cellular ultrastructure and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP).

Compared to the control group, exposure to different concentrations of NCM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of BEAS-2B cells. A total of 788 substances were detected in the metabolomic samples; 281, 284, and 274 differential metabolites were identified at exposure concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml, respectively. Among these, 82 differential metabolites were common across all exposure groups, with the highest proportion being lipid metabolites. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways such as coenzyme Q biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and very long-chain fatty acid oxidation. NCM exposure led to mitochondrial swelling, reduced cristae, and fragmentation in BEAS-2B cells, significantly decreasing MMP levels.

NCM exposure has a pronounced impact on the metabolic profile of BEAS-2B cells and induces mitochondrial damage, with the toxicological pathways primarily involving coenzyme Q biosynthesis.

To explore the relationship between gaseous air pollutants and inflammatory indices in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ).

A total of 866 hospitalized SCZ patients were included from October 2020 to December 2023.The daily average exposure values of gaseous air pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO) for the seven days prior to hospitalization were estimated using Kriging interpolation. Based on the biochemical test results on the day of admission, four inflammatory indices were calculated for the SCZ patients: Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), and Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI). Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression models were employed to analyze the association between individual gaseous air pollutants and inflammatory indices;Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) was used to assess the joint effects of mixed gaseous air pollutants on inflammatory indices.

The daily average exposure values of SO₂, NO₂, and CO in the seven days prior to hospitalization showed a positive correlation with PLR（r_SO-PLR=0.08;r_NO-PLR= 0.069; r_CO-PLR=0.078）、NLR（r_SO-NLR=0.075; r_NO-NLR= 0.077; r_CO-NLR=0.069） and SII（r_SO-SII=0.081; r_NO-SII=0.072; r_CO-SII=0.075）, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). The multiple linear regression results indicated a positive correlation between the daily average NO₂ exposure and NLR levels, with β=0.006(95%CI: 0.001-0.011). The BKMR analysis revealed that when the daily averages of the four gaseous air pollutants exceeded their 50^th percentile (P₅₀) in the seven days prior to hospitalization, the mixture of SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃ had a positive joint effect on the NLR and SII of SCZ patients.

Short-term exposure to a mixture of gaseous air pollutants may influence the inflammatory response in SCZ patients.

To study the association between the food environment and the risk of diabetes among residents and the mediating role of dietary intake.

Based on the data from the surveillance and investigation of chronic diseases and risk factors in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2020, buffers with different radii were constructed centered on the residential areas of the study subjects, and the densities of fast-food restaurants, dessert shops, supermarkets, vegetable markets, and convenience stores in each buffer were calculated to measure the food environment. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the food environment and the risk of diabetes among residents, as well as the mediating effect of different types of food intake.

A total of 24 467 adults were included in this study, and the prevalence of diabetes was 12.1%. Regression analysis showed that the density of vegetable markets was positively correlated with the risk of diabetes (OR=1.018, 95%CI: 1.004-1.031). The results of the mediating analysis showed that the density of vegetable markets could reduce the risk of diabetes by increasing fruit intake, and the proportion of the mediating effect was 1.32%. Sub-group analysis showed that in the population under 60 years old, the density of supermarkets was negatively correlated with the risk of diabetes (OR=0.962, 95%CI: 0.937-0.988).

The density of vegetable markets is positively correlated with the risk of diabetes among residents, but a higher density of vegetable markets can reduce the risk of diabetes by increasing fruit intake. Optimizing the layout of the food environment and improving the availability of healthy foods can help reduce the risk of diabetes among residents.

To explore the alterations in gut microbiota following the oral administration of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in vanadium-exposed mice, providing new insights into the mechanisms of vanadium toxicity and its prevention and treatment.

Male C57BL/6J mice were used as subjects and randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and three PPE dosage groups, with 10 mice in each group. Mice were administered sodium metavanadate solution via intraperitoneal injection (3 mg/kg, once every 2 days) for modeling, and PPE was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg every 2 days. The control group received physiological saline. At the end of 12 weeks, fecal samples were collected to extract gut bacterial genomic DNA for amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and the SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls) test.

Long-term vanadium exposure resulted in a decrease in gut bacterial abundance, with a reduction in OTU numbers (P < 0.05).The α-diversity indices, including Shannon, Simpson, ACE, and Chao1, significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The β-diversity analysis, represented by PCoA and NMDS plots, showed significant differentiation. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Akkermansiaceae significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae significantly decreased (P < 0.05).However, low and medium doses of PPE were able to partially restore the reduction in gut microbiota abundance and diversity caused by vanadium exposure (P < 0.05), bringing the abundance of affected characteristic bacterial groups back to normal levels (P < 0.05).

Vanadium exposure leads to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in mice, while low and medium doses of PPE intervention can effectively improve the gut microbiota disorder induced by vanadium exposure.

To explore the relationship between the romantic status of vocational school students in Guizhou Province and their engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as well as the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation, providing a reference for the prevention of adolescent NSSI behaviors.

A questionnaire survey was conducted from October to December 2023, utilizing a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select students from nine vocational schools in Guizhou Province. The Chinese version of the Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were used to measure NSSI behaviors and emotion regulation difficulties among vocational students. The mediating effect of difficulties in emotion regulation was examined using categorical variable mediation methods.

The prevalence of NSSI among vocational students in Guizhou Province was 27.4%. The standardized relative direct effect of experiencing a breakup on NSSI was 0.575 (95%CI: 0.104 to 0.258), and the relative mediating effect was 0.421 (95%CI: 0.062 to 0.203), with the mediating effect accounting for 26.8% of the total effect. Difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between being in a romantic relationship and NSSI, with the mediating effect constituting 47.3% of the total effect. For students who had previously been in a relationship but were now in the post-breakup phase, the standardized relative direct effect on NSSI was 0.008 (95%CI: -0.021 to 0.037), and the standardized relative mediating effect was 0.011 (95%CI: -0.001 to 0.024), both of which were not significant.

Differences in emotion regulation abilities across various romantic statuses partially explain the occurrence of individual NSSI behaviors. Enhancing adolescents’ emotion regulation skills can help them establish healthy emotional perspectives and positive interpersonal relationships, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of NSSI behaviors and positively impacting adolescent mental health within the public health domain while fostering harmonious social relationships.

To analyze the current situation of sleep quality and its relationship with diabetes among elderly Bai people in rural areas of Dali, Yunnan.

A multi - stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 1 418 rural Bai elderly people aged ≥60 years in Dali city, Yunnan Province for questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. Binary multi-factor Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and the prevalence of diabetes.

The sleep disorder rate in the surveyed population was 48.4%, with 41.1% in men and 54.9% in women. The sleep disorder rate in women was higher than that in men (χ²=26.818, P < 0.001).The prevalence of diabetes was 15.9%, with 15.2% in men and 16.6% in women. The sleep disorder rate increased with age (χ²_trend =4.607,P < 0.05). The results of multi-factor Logistic regression showed that the elderly with sleep disorders were more likely to suffer from diabetes than those without sleep disorders (OR=1.425, 95%CI: 1.059-1.916).

Sleep disorder is an important risk factor for diabetes in the elderly. Strengthening sleep management for the elderly is helpful for the prevention of diabetes.

To explore the influence of social activity on cognitive ability among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China and the mediating role of depression.

Based on the data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 7 058 rural middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above were selected as the research subjects. Social activity was measured by the types and frequency of social activities. Cognitive ability was evaluated by the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE), and depression was measured by the (CES-D 10) scale. Descriptive statistics and partial correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and the Process macro program was used to test the mediating effect.

The mediating effect test showed that social activity among rural middle-aged and elderly people had a direct effect on cognitive ability (β=0.066, 95%CI: 0.039-0.093), accounting for 92.96% of the total effect. Depression (β=0.005, 95%CI: 0.001-0.010), accounting for 7.04% of the total effect, played a mediating role between them.

Improving the social activity of rural middle-aged and elderly people may effectively relieve their depression and promote the protection of cognitive function. Support and promotion of social activities for rural middle-aged and elderly people should be strengthened to improve their mental health and cognitive ability.

To understand the successful aging rate of middle-aged and elderly people in China， to explore the association between sleep duration and successful aging of middle-aged and elderly people in China，and to provide reference for promoting the health and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people.

Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)， a longitudinal study was conducted to analyze sleep duration， successful aging scores and successful aging rates among individuals aged 45 and above from 2011 to 2020. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the associations of naptime sleep duration，nighttime sleep duration and total sleep duration with successful aging scores in middle-aged and older adults.

The successful aging rates were 4.26%，16.82%，11.62%，10.08%，and 16.47% in 2011，2013，2015，2018，and 2020，respectively. Nighttime sleep duration (β₁=0.377，P<0.001; β₂=-0.023，P<0.001) and total sleep duration (β₁=0.345，P<0.001；β₂=-0.020，P<0.001) showed inverted U-shaped associations with successful aging in China’s middle-aged and elderly. Naptime duration and successful aging showed an inverted U-shaped association in the middle-aged population aged 45-59 years (β₁=0.083，P=0.008; β₂=-0.042，P<0.001)， and a linear association in the elderly population aged 60 years and above (β₁=0.074，P=0.011).

Maintaining a moderate length of sleep is conducive to the development of successful aging in China middle-aged and older adults，and either too short or too long a sleep period may have a detrimental effect on middle-aged and older adults.