To analyze the epidemiological patterns and transmission characteristics of norovirus in China, providing new scientific evidence for prevention and control strategies in the post-COVID-19 era.

Epidemiological data on norovirus outbreaks in China over the past two decades were collected and analyzed via a review of relevant literature from four major databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Web of Science, and PubMed).

The epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in China exhibited dynamic changes, highly correlated with the alternation of globally dominant strains. High outbreak frequency was associated with specific geographical regions (East China and South China regions, 63.27%), transmission routes (foodborne transmission, 29.15%), outbreak settings (schools, 72.57%), and viral genogroups (GII, 76.07%). Cross-analysis revealed that school outbreaks predominantly involved person-to-person and waterborne transmission, while the GII genotype spread chiefly through interpersonal contact, foodborne contamination, and aerosol dispersion.

Norovirus epidemics in China demonstrate distinct spatiotemporal clustering and diverse transmission pathways, necessitating targeted reinforcement of prevention and control measures to address these multifaceted challenges.

To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated risk factors among residents aged 35-74 years in Hainan Province, and to provide scientific evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies for hyperuricemia.

A total of 3 950 eligible participants were selected from the prospective chronic disease cohort of the general population in Hainan from 2017 to 2021. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with hyperuricemia.

A total of 3 950 participants were included in this study, and the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) was 17.2% (679/3 950). Results from the multivariable logistic regression model showed that overweight/obesity (compared with underweight, OR=14.496, 95% CI:7.566-27.773), retirement (compared with manual labor, OR=2.184, 95% CI:1.166-4.091), smoking (OR=2.300, 95% CI:1.820-2.906), alcohol consumption (OR=11.073, 95% CI:8.713-14.073), eating late-night snacks (OR=7.628, 95% CI:5.135-11.333), fair sleep quality (compared with good sleep quality, OR=4.928, 95% CI:3.588-6.768), poor sleep quality (OR=14.194, 95% CI:10.145-19.859), and living in urban areas (compared with rural areas, OR=2.526, 95% CI:1.971-3.237) were major risk factors for HUA. In contrast, having completed junior high school (compared with no formal education, OR=0.278, 95% CI:0.130-0.595) or high school and above (OR=0.366, 95% CI:0.174-0.767), engaging in mental labor (compared with manual labor, OR=0.270, 95% CI:0.169-0.432) or other types of labor (OR=0.381, 95% CI:0.208-0.699), and eating breakfast (OR=0.446, 95% CI:0.344-0.577) were protective factors against HUA.

The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) among middle-aged and older adults aged 35-74 years in Hainan Province is relatively high. Targeted health education and interventions should be prioritized for key populations, including those who are overweight/obese, retired, havingpoor sleep quality, or engagingin unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and late-night eating, in order to reduce the risk of HUA.

To investigate the risk genes associated with pancreatic impairments in order to elucidate the key genes and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Analysis of pancreatic transcriptomes from T2DM patients and healthy populations (GSE20966 and GSE25724) identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via R-based screening, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to investigate the causal relationship with T2DM, and the expression patterns of key candidate genes were validated using RT-qPCR and Western blot.

Integrated PPI network and Mendelian randomization analysis revealed consistently upregulated GABBR1and HK1, while HMGCR, HSD17B12, VLDLR, and WIPI1 were significantly downregulated in T2DM versus controls. In a high-fat diet-induced T2DM mouse model, HMGCR expression was significantly downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. These findings indicate that HMGCR may play a critical regulatory role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.

These findings suggest that HMGCR is a potential key regulator involved in pancreatic dysfunction in T2DM and may affect β-cell function.

To investigate the genetic association between birth weight (BW) and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) in adults, and to explore their shared genetic mechanisms and potential public health implications for osteoporosis prevention.

Using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the UK Biobank and the EGG Consortium, we systematically analyzed the genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci, and causal relationship between BW and eBMD through linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), local genetic correlation analysis (SUPERGNOVA), cross-trait meta-analysis (CPASSOC), and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

A significant negative genome-wide genetic correlation was observed between BW and eBMD (r_g=-0.052 5,P=0.021 1). MR analysis revealed a negative causal association between BW and eBMD(β=-0.081,P=3.48×10^-3).

The inverse causal association between BW and eBMD supports the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, indicating that intrauterine development may regulate adult bone metabolism through pleiotropic genes (e.g., SNX10, RAC1). These findings highlight the importance of early-life interventions for osteoporosis prevention.

To identify the risk factors of stroke in hypertension patients and construct nomogram based on the survey data of elderly health in Fanjingshan area, and to provide reference for stroke risk prevention and control in this area.

In 2025, proportional sampling method will be adopted to select elderly residents aged ≥65 years old and living locally for ≥6 months to carry out health survey. LASSO-Logistic regression was used to screen stroke risk factors in elderly hypertensive patients to construct nomograms. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), calibration curves, Brier values, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility of the model. The robustness of the model was evaluated by repeated ten-fold cross validation.

A total of 1 670 hypertensive patients were enrolled, of whom 245 had stroke. LASSO-Logistic regression analysis showed that impaired instrumental ability of daily living (IADL), waist circumference, average monthly income <3 000 yuan, tea drinking, sleep duration>8 hours, heart disease, self-rated health as average, alcohol abstinence were risk factors for stroke, and age ≥85 years old and alcohol consumption were protective factors. The model discriminated well (AUC=0.735), the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (H-L test) statistic was 8.749 (P=0.364), and the Brier value was 0.112, suggesting that the model was well calibrated; DCA indicated that the model had a clinical net benefit within the specified risk threshold range; repeated 10-fold cross validation results further confirmed its robustness.

The nomogram model can be used as an effective tool to assess stroke risk in elderly hypertensive population and formulate individualized prevention and intervention strategies.

To systematically evaluate the factors influencing delayed detection and health-seeking of pulmonary tuberculosis among Chinese mainland students.

Literature was searched from CNKI, CBM, VIP, WanFang Data, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane library, and CINAHL Complete up to May 8, 2025. Registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251058065).

22 papers involving 123 802 tuberculosis students were included. Meta-analysis showed that junior high school (OR=0.795, 95% CI=0.674-0.936), onset in the fourth quarter (OR=0.806, 95% CI=0.702~0.926), pathogenetic positivity (OR=1.599, 95% CI=1.166-2.192), and tuberculous pleurisy (OR=1.611, 95% CI=1.447-1.794) influenced delayed detection; female (OR=1.092, 95% CI=1.005-1.187), pathogenetic positivity (OR=1.220, 95% CI=1.092~1.362), no pathogenetic result (OR=0.482, 95% CI=0.351-0.664), tuberculous pleurisy(OR=1.181, 95% CI=1.041-1.341), passive detection(OR=2.348, 95% CI=1.891~2.916), consultation due to disease (OR=3.743, 95% CI=2.531-5.535), referral due to disease (OR=3.591, 95% CI=3.074-4.196), and referral (OR=2.914, 95% CI=2.716-3.127), follow-up (OR=4.163, 95% CI=3.389-5.115), other routes (OR=2.790, 95% CI=2.379-3.272), serious illness (OR=1.127, 95% CI=1.049-1.210), and general hospital (OR=0.540, 95% CI=0.372-0.783) influenced delayed health-seeking.

Student tuberculosis delays are multifactorial, necessitating targeted interventions including campus symptom monitoring and cross-departmental referral channels.

To investigate the association between different macronutrient energy supply proportion combinations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Using data from adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999—2018, the energy supply proportions of fat, carbohydrate, and protein were calculated. Nutrient clusters were constructed using a three-dimensional nutrient space sequential partitioning method. Weighted logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between clusters and NAFLD, along with interaction and subgroup analyses. K-means clustering was used as a sensitivity analysis.

Compared with the most common energy supply pattern (Cluster 1: moderate fat, medium-high carbohydrate, moderate protein), clusters characterized by medium-high fat, medium/low-medium carbohydrate, and moderate protein (Cluster 3 and 4) were significantly associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. In the fully adjusted model, both Cluster 3 (OR=1.367, 95% CI: 1.142-1.636) and Cluster 4 (OR=1.462, 95% CI:1.137-1.879) showed elevated risks. Interaction analysis indicated a borderline significant interaction with hypertension (P=0.053), while no significant interactions were found for other covariates (P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis results were consistent with the main findings.

Macronutrient proportion combinations are significantly associated with NAFLD risk. A dietary pattern of medium-high fat paired with medium/low carbohydrate is associated with higher risk, highlighting the importance of dietary structure regulation for guiding NAFLD prevention and management.

To explore the dog-raising behavior of children and adolescents and its influencing factors based on the health action process approach (HAPA), so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of echinococcosis.

A questionnaire based on HAPA was developed to investigate students in four schools in Nagqu City, Tibet from October 2024 to April 2025. The factors influencing dog-raising behavior were analyzed by structural equation model.

Among the 942 children and adolescents with dog-raising at home included in this study, the unqualified rate of dog-raising behaviors was 69.9%. In the HAPA model, the intention of correct dog-raising behavior was influenced by outcome expectations [standard path coefficient (95% CI)=0.321 (0.224-0.411), P<0.001]. The intention of correct dog-raising behavior and maintenance self-efficacy directly affected the action plan, with standard path coefficients (95% CI) of 0.225 (0.138-0.314) and 0.560 (0.417-0.695) respectively, and P values were both <0.001. The action plan directly affected the correct dog-raising behavior [standard path coefficient (95% CI)=0.160 (0.013-0.341), P<0.05]. Social support had an indirect effect on correct dog-raising behavior by influencing the action plan [effect value (95% CI)=0.025 (0.003-0.037), P<0.05].

The correct dog-raising behaviors of children and adolescents are influenced by the action plan.The intention of correct dog-raising behavior and social support indirectly affect correct dog-raising behavior through the action plan. In health education strategies, the formulation of the action plan can be taken as the key intervention point to promote children and adolescents to form correct dog-raising behaviors.

To establish vital capacity percentile reference values for students aged 6-18 in Renhuai City, Guizhou Province, using the LMS method; to compare these findings with national average levels for primary and secondary school students; and to analyze influencing factors and population characteristics, thereby providing a scientific basis for physical health interventions targeting local students.

The LMS method was employed to construct vital capacity percentile curves and reference values (P₃, P₁₀, P₂₅, P₅₀, P₇₅, P₉₀ and P₉₇). Concurrently, multiple linear regression and K-means clustering analysis were utilized to investigate influencing factors and the characteristics of student subgroups.

A total of 109 072 students aged 6-18 were included in the study. The vital capacity curves for both boys and girls exhibited similar trends, increasing with age, with an accelerated growth rate observed during puberty. In comparison with national averages, the P₅₀ values for boys were lower between ages 7 and 17 but exceeded the national average at age 18. For girls, P₅₀ values were lower than the national average before age 14 but surpassed those after age 14. Significant variations in vital capacity were associated with BMI, boarding status, urban-rural residence, and ethnicity (R²=0.66, F=35 369.75, P<0.01). Specifically, vital capacity increased by an average of 191.5 ml for every 1-year increase in age and by 32.6 ml for every 1-unit increase in BMI. On average, females had a vital capacity 276.8 ml lower than males; The vital capacity of boarding students were 262.1 ml higher than non-boarding students; rural students were 23.3 ml lower than urban students; and ethnic minority students were 55.4 ml lower than Han students. Cluster analysis identified three distinct student subgroups. The “younger age, low BMI, non-boarding” group exhibited the lowest relative vital capacity (1 233.0 ml), while the “older age, high BMI, boarding” group demonstrated the highest (2 578.3 ml).

The application of LMS curves provide a valid reference standard for the health assessment of vital capacity among local adolescents. Education authorities should implement targeted interventions specifically aimed at younger students in rural areas and those with low BMI.

To investigate the impact of nutritional health knowledge levels on dietary patterns among childbearing-age women, to analyze the mediating role of eating out and breakfast consumption frequency, and to provide evidence-based references for formulating nutritional intervention strategies.

A total of 1 340 reproductive-age women aged 18-49 years from 10 districts/counties in Hunan Province were selected as research subjects from the 2022-2023 National Survey on Residents’ Nutritional and Health Knowledge Awareness. Data on basic information, nutritional and health knowledge, and dietary consumption were collected. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, Logistic regression to examine the association between knowledge levels and dietary patterns, and structural equation modeling with Bootstrap method to test mediating effects.

Among women of childbearing age in Hunan Province, the nutrition and health knowledge awareness rate was 25.9%, 29.8% eating out ≥1 day/week, and 26.6% having breakfast <7 days/week. Four dietary patterns were identified: high-energy, fruit-dairy-seafood, poultry-egg-bean, and whole grain-vegetable. Logistic regression showed that the level of nutrition and health knowledge was negatively correlated with high-energy dietary pattern (OR=0.428, 95% CI:0.319-0.575) and positively correlated with whole grain-vegetable dietary pattern (OR=1.513, 95% CI:1.142-2.005). Mediator effect analysis showed the total effect of knowledge on high-energy pattern was -0.493(-0.616--0.370), direct effect was -0.278(-0.382--0.174), mediating effects of eating out and breakfast consumption frequency were -0.180(-0.250--0.117) and -0.035(-0.057--0.016), accounting for 43.6% of total effect; total effect on whole grain-vegetable pattern was 0.132(0.007-0.256), direct effect was 0.108(-0.017-0.232), mediating effect of breakfast frequency was 0.024(0.008-0.047), accounting for 18.2% of total effect.

Eating out and breakfast consumption frequency mediate the relationship between childbearing-age women’s nutritional health knowledge level and high-energy dietary patterns, and whole-grain vegetable dietary patterns.

To explore the chain mediating role of social capital and anxiety between school bullying and suicidal behavior of bullying victims, and to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the suicidal behavior among primary and middle school students.

A cross-sectional survey design was employed. A total of 8 854 school students from 36 schools in Datong, Lvliang, and Linfen cities of Shanxi province were included as study participants in June-July 2024 using a multi-stage whole cluster random sampling method, and questionnaires were administered using the Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale-Student, European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, Adolescent Students’ Social Capital Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 Item, and the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine associations between variables. Wald tests assessed differences in standardized path coefficients for standardized bullying and cyberbullying on suicidal behavior. Structural equation modeling examined the chained mediating effects of school bullying victimization on suicidal behavior.

Both traditional and cyberbullying were positively correlated with suicidal behavior among bullying victims, and the associations between these two types of bullying and suicidal behavior exhibits significant differences (W=115.26, P<0.001).Social capital mediated only between cyberbullying and suicidal behavior, with an effect value of 0.016 (95% CI: 0.010-0.025), and anxiety mediated between both traditional bullying/cyberbullying and suicidal behavior, with effect values of 0.061 (95% CI: 0.046-0.077), 0.060 (95% CI: 0.045-0.078).Social capital and anxiety all had a chain-mediated effects between traditional bullying/cyberbullying and suicidal behavior, with effect values of 0.030 (95% CI: 0.024-0.037) and 0.010 (95% CI: 0.007-0.014), which accounted for 8.0% and 2.0% of the total effect, respectively (P<0.01).

Social capital and anxiety have chain-mediated effects between school bullying and suicidal behavior. Attention should be paid to bullying victims to improve their social capital and reduce anxiety, which can help prevent suicidal behaviors among primary and middle school students.

To investigate the integration of healthcare and childcare status in Hunan, China, and toexplore its institutional demand characteristics to promote further integration of healthcare and childcare.

A questionnaire survey was conducted at 257 healthcare institutions and 365 childcare institutions in Hunan, China were investigated in Jun-Sep, 2024. Univariate and multiple response analyses were performed on the data.

A total of 82 healthcare institutions (31.9%) and 244 childcare institutions (66.8%) achieved healthcare and childcare integration. Maternal and child health care institutions served significantly more childcare institutions on average compared to other types of medical institutions(χ²=7.897, P=0.001).The satisfaction level of parents with childcare institutions adopting healthcare and childcare integration was higher than that of institutions that did not adopt integration (81.6% vs.70.2%, χ²=5.992, P=0.014). Among the services provided by healthcare institutions, practitioner training had lowest response rate (16.2%) and popularity rate (63.4%), but childcare institutions showed the maximum demand for it (response rate=24.3%, popularity rate=93.7%).

Maternity and child care institutions have enhanced healthcare and childcare integration, effectively improving parent satisfaction. The services provided by healthcare institutions are not consistent with the practical demand by childcare institutions.

Based on the theoretical framework of the grey system, a combined model suitable for the demand prediction of elderly care service beds is constructed to reveal the future development trend of elderly care service bed resources in different regions of China from the perspective of regional differences, providing decision-making references for optimizing the allocation of elderly care resources and the formulation of related policies.

Researchers construct a combined prediction framework integrating improved models such as the fractional-order grey model and the non-homogeneous discrete grey model. Based on the relevant indicator data of elderly care service beds in the “China Social Statistical Yearbook”, they predict the changing trend of elderly care service bed demand in the four regions of eastern, central, western and northeastern China from 2024 to 2028.

By 2028, the number of elderly care beds in China and its four representative provinces is expected to reach 6 653 258，740 181，572 245，184 002, and 237 566, respectively. The demand for elderly care service beds in the four major regions of the east, central, west and northeast all shows an upward trend. Especially in the east and central regions, the growth is more significant, reflecting the greater elderly care pressure brought about by the intensification of population aging. Although the overall demand in the western and northeastern regions is relatively low, it is also showing a steady upward trend, indicating that the pressure of elderly care in these areas will gradually increase in the future.

The resources of elderly care service beds in various regions of our country will continue to grow in the future. The allocation level of elderly care resources in the eastern region will still be better than that in the central and western regions as well as the northeastern region. This research can better reflect the differential characteristics of elderly care service demands in various regions and provide strong support for the scientific allocation of regional elderly care resources.

To investigate the current status of inpatient health service utilization, rate and equity among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China, and to explore the contribution of each influencing factor to the inequity of inpatient health services utilization.

The concentration index and concentration curve were used to measure and show the equity of inpatient health service utilization among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas, and used concentration index decomposition methods to conduct a decomposition analysis.

From 2011 to 2020, the inpatient health service utilization rate for middle-aged and elderly people in rural China was 7.36%, 11.41%, 12.97%, 16.90%, and 21.61%, respectively. From 2011 to 2020, the concentration index of inpatient health service utilization rate among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China was 0.154 2, 0.013 4, 0.084 9, 0.043 6, and 0.050 6, respectively. Economic status, region, and age are the main factors affecting the equity of inpatient health services utilization among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas.

The inpatient health service utilization is mainly concentrated among the economically well-off population. It is of great significance to reduce the inequity of inpatient health service by narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and regional disparities, paying attention to the elderly and other groups that are vulnerable to health risks, improving the health insurance system and improving the quality of rural health service.

To provide a basis for formulating response strategies under the pilot program of the disease control supervisor system, research on disease prevention risk assessment in medical institutions is conducted.

In the pilot work of the disease control supervisor system in medical institutions, the Delphi method, FMEA, and Borda rank method were used to conduct risk evaluation, and ranking of the likelihood, severity, and detectability of disease prevention risks.

10 primary and 53 secondary medical institution disease prevention risk indicators have been constructed, and the risk levels have been classified and ranked:the 10 primary risks were ranked from high to low as infectious disease treatment and prevention and disinfection and isolation, infectious disease monitoring and epidemic reporting, medical waste disposal, pathogenic microorganism laboratory biosafety management, organizational management, facility equipment, personnel allocation and capacity building, infectious disease investigation and epidemic control, information construction and application, preventive vaccination, and others; Among the 53 secondary risks, the top 10 risks were in the following order: One person, one use, one disinfection or sterilization of medical devices>Epidemic control of infectious diseases within the institution=Infection control (protection and isolation)=Compliance with laboratory operating procedures>Professional quality and sense of responsibility of personnel=Implementation of pre examination and triage work system=Hand hygiene>Treatment of infectious disease patients>Prevention and control of key infectious diseases>Compliance with infectious disease epidemic reports in accordance with the law.

In the pilot work of the disease control supervisor system, this study comprehensively applied the Delphi method, FMEA, and Borda ordinal value method to evaluate disease prevention risks, enabling more potential disease prevention risks that are easily overlooked to be identified, warned, tracked, and intervened in a timely manner, forming a closed loop and promoting the integration of medical and prevention. This is a new thinking and method that can provide a reference for various regions.

To explore the effect of the DRG payment reform on the quality of healthcare services in a Grade A Tertiary Public Hospital in Xinjiang.

Data were extracted from the inpatient records front pages of basic medical insurance patients admitted to a tertiary Grade A public hospital in Xinjiang between 2020 and 2024. An Interrupted Time Series (ITS) analysis was employed to examine trends in key indicators pre- and post-DRG policy implementation. Indicators spanned three dimensions: in-hospital death (total in-hospital mortality, in-hospital mortality rate of surgical patients, and in-hospital mortality rate of patients with low-risk ICD diseases), patient return (30-day readmission rate), and patient safety (complication rate of surgical patients). The average hospitalization cost and average length of stay were also analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of the DRG policy on the quality of medical services.

No significant trend changes occurred in overall inpatient mortality (β1+β3=-0.000 94, P>0.05), surgical patient mortality (β1+β3=-0.000 07, P > 0.05), 30-day readmission rate (β1+β3=-0.000 13, P>0.05), and surgical complication rates (β1+β3=0.000 07, P>0.05) post-DRG policy implementation. The mortality rate of low-risk ICD diseases (β1+β3=-0.000 03, P<0.05) decreased significantly. After the implementation of the DRG policy, the average length of stay continued to decrease by 0.05 days per month, and the average hospitalization cost continued to decrease by 84.38 yuan per month.

DRG reform has no significant impact on the overall medical quality of the sample hospitals but has a positive effect on reducing the mortality rate of low-risk patients. The DRG policy also has a significant effect on cost control.

To investigate the attitudes of different groups towards the construction of a mechanism for managing the prescription rights of public health physicians in Sichuan Province, with the goal of offering references for policy-making.

Through questionnaires combined with in-depth expert interviews, relevant staff from CDCs, general hospitals, health administrative departments, primary healthcare institutions at various levels in Sichuan Province, and scientific research institutions were surveyed towards the process and management mechanism of granting prescription rights to public health physicians.

The respondents supported granting prescription rights directly to public health physicians who passed the third level hospital training (94.43%) or obtained a physician qualification certificate (93.73%). There were significant differences in the perception of prescription approval departments among different groups. Public health physicians (33.93%) and medical school teachers (42.47%) tended to favor provincial health administrative department approval and empowerment, while clinical physicians (33.74%), health administrative personnel (31.25%), and patients (35.08%) were more supportive of physician practice institution approval and empowerment. In terms of operational mechanism, the survey respondents supported the supervision and management of public health physicians’ prescription rights by county (district) health administrative departments (39.16%), and conduct regular assessments every two years (60.14%).

The granting of prescription rights to public health physicians should be steadily promoted at different levels, institutions, and departments. It is suggested to establish a hierarchical training path and differentiated assessment standards, as well as a dual-track regulatory system of "provincial coordination institutional execution". At the same time, promote legal rights confirmation and closed-loop management mechanisms to ensure the legal and compliant use of prescription rights by public health physicians.

To understand the status of physical activity, cognitive impairment, depression, and their comorbidity in elderly people in Chengdu, Sichuan, and to explore the association between physical activity and the comorbidity of cognitive and depressive disorders.

A cluster sampling method was used to select 8 108 elderly individuals in Chengdu. The Chinese version of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, the Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Mini-Mental State Examination were used for evaluation. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between different dimensions of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the comorbidity.

The study found that 2 195 participants (27.3%) had cognitive impairment, 802 participants (9.9%) had depression, and 303 participants (3.8%) had both cognitive impairment and depression. The elderly engaging in more than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity household chores per week, more than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity leisure exercises, or more than 210 minutes of transportation-related physical activity per week were significantly negatively correlated with comorbidity. On the other hand, sitting for more than 480 minutes per day was significantly positively correlated with comorbidity.

Participation in physical activity among the elderly is significantly associated with the comorbidity of cognitive and depressive disorders. Promoting moderate-intensity household chores, leisure exercises, and transportation-related physical activities, while reducing sedentary behavior, can help prevent the occurrence of comorbidity.

To investigate the association between night-time sleep duration and new-onset frailty among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China, and to examine the mediating effect of depression levels on this relationship, thereby providing evidence for the prevention of frailty in this population.

Using longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) surveys in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we employed logistic regression models to analyze the relationship between night-time sleep duration, depression levels, and frailty among middle-aged and older adults. Restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine the non-linear association between night-time sleep duration and frailty. A causal mediation model was employed to examine the mediating effect of depression severity between night-time sleep duration and new-onset frailty.

Among 7 582 participants, the frailty prevalence was 21.2%. For each additional hour of night-time sleep duration, depression scores decreased by 0.36 points, with an OR (95% CI) for frailty incidence of 0.92 (0.89-0.96). Conversely, for each 1-point increase in depression severity, the OR (95% CI) for frailty incidence was 1.08 (1.07-1.10). A significant non-linear relationship existed between night-time sleep duration and new-onset frailty (P=0.004). Depression mediated the association between night-time sleep duration and new-onset frailty, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.972 (0.966-0.979), accounting for 35.2% of the mediated effect.

Shortened night-time sleep duration increases the likelihood of new-onset frailty among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, with depressive symptoms partially mediating this association.

To investigate the association between Cardiovascular Health (CVH) and cognitive function trajectories.

Data were obtained from five waves (2011-2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including participants aged ≥45 years. CVH was assessed using six indicators: tobacco exposure, sleep, body mass index (BMI), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), blood glucose, and blood pressure. Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to identify trajectories of cognitive function, and multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between CVH and cognitive function trajectories.

A total of 5 774 participants was included. Four cognitive trajectories were identified: low-declining, medium-declining, medium-stable and high-stable. Compared with the high-stable group, each one-point increase in CVH score was associated with a reduced risk of entering the low-decline, medium-decline, and medium-stable groups by approximately 1.4%, 0.8%, and 0.5%, respectively (all P<0.01). Tobacco exposure, sleep, and blood pressure were consistently associated with cognitive trajectories (P<0.05), while BMI and non-HDL-C showed significance in selected comparisons.

CVH in middle-aged and older adults is positively associated with cognitive function trajectories. Tobacco exposure, sleep, BMI, non-HDL-C, and blood pressure emerge as key influencing factors. Enhancing CVH, especially through midlife strategies focusing on modifiable lifestyle behaviors and metabolic indicators within an integrated “heart-brain prevention” framework, may represent a promising avenue to mitigate or delay cognitive decline.

To assess energy and amino acid metabolic features in overweight and obese adults compared with normal-weight controls, and to examine their associations to better understand the metabolic mechanisms of obesity.

A total of 61 healthy adults were recruited in Chengdu, China, and categorized into normal weight (18.5-23.9 kg/m²), overweight (24.0-27.9 kg/m²), and obese (≥28.0 kg/m²) groups according to body mass index (BMI). Basal energy expenditure (BEE) and resting energy expenditure after cold exposure (REE) were measured using indirect calorimetry, and cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were calculated. Plasma amino acid levels were determined using non-targeted metabolomics. Group differences and correlations were assessed by analysis of variance and Spearman rank correlation, respectively.

BMR and CIT were lower in the overweight and obese groups, and both CIT and BMR were negatively correlated with BMI (r=-0.452, P<0.001; r=-0.421, P=0.001). Non-targeted metabolomics revealed no significant between-group differences in amino acid levels. Correlation analysis showed that CIT was positively correlated with arginine (r=0.431, P=0.017) and negatively correlated with Leu-Leu and nicotinuric acid (r=-0.319, P=0.033; r=-0.414, P=0.023). BMR was positively correlated with L-glutathione, reduced (r=0.377, P=0.040).

Obese individuals exhibit reduced BMR and CIT, and specific plasma amino acids are closely related to energy metabolism indicators, suggesting that amino acid metabolism may be involved in obesity-related energy metabolic dysregulation.

To examine the association between trajectories of body roundness index (BRI) and impaired activities of daily living (ADL) among older adults in China.

Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). BRI was measured in 2011, 2013, and 2015, and latent class growth mixture modeling was used to identify longitudinal BRI trajectories. ADL impairment was assessed based on the 2017 (Wave 4) survey. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the associations between BRI trajectories and impairments in basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential effect modifications by sex, age, and chronic disease status.

A total of 3 157 individuals aged 60 years and above were included. Two distinct BRI trajectories were identified: low-stable group (87.6%) and high-stable group (12.4%). After adjusting for potential confounders, the high-stable group was significantly associated with BADL impairment (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.11-2.96), while the association with IADL impairment was positive but not statistically significant (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 0.89-1.66). No significant interactions were found in subgroup analyses.

A persistently high BRI trajectory is significantly associated with an increased risk of BADL impairment in older adults. Longitudinal BRI trajectories may serve as predictive indicators for functional decline, offering new insights for the early identification and intervention of functional impairment in aging populations.

To explore the relationship between physical activity, outdoor activities, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among male and female college students, and provide recommendations for scientific prevention and control.

A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 152 college students from grades 1-3 across 20 universities in Chengdu. The questionnaire was based on the National Survey on Common Diseases and Health Influential Factors among Students. Chi-square or linear trend chi-square tests were used to compare categorical data, and binary logistic regression was employed to analyze associations.

Among males, the proportions of those who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at least 60 minutes daily for 0 days, 1-2 days, and ≥3 days in the past week were 19.39%, 30.88%, and 49.73%, respectively. Among females, the corresponding proportions were 40.39%, 39.53%, and 20.07%. Regarding daily outdoor activity duration, 18.67% of males spent <1 hour/day, 36.42% spent 1-2 hours/day, and 44.91% spent ≥2 hours/day; among females, these proportions were 25.96%, 33.75%, and 40.29%, respectively. Differences in the detection rates of anxiety, depression, and comorbidity were observed among male and female students with varying levels of physical activity and outdoor activity. Moreover, as the frequency or duration of activity increased, the detection rates showed a decreasing trend. Multivariate analysis showed that, compared to male students who engaged MVPA for 0 days in the past week, those who completed 1-2 days/week or ≥3 days/week of MVPA had a lower risk of anxiety (1-2 days/week: aOR=0.75, 95% CI:0.58-0.98; ≥3 days/week: aOR=0.60, 95% CI:0.47-0.78) and depression (1-2 days/week: aOR=0.67, 95% CI:0.48-0.93; ≥3 days/week: aOR=0.54, 95% CI:0.39-0.75). Compared to female students with less than 1 hour/day of outdoor activity, those with 1-2 hours/day or ≥2 hours/day of outdoor activity had a lower risk of anxiety (1-<2 hours/day: aOR=0.77, 95% CI:0.62-0.95; ≥2 hours/day: aOR=0.81, 95% CI:0.66-0.99) and depression (1-<2 hours/day: aOR=0.58, 95% CI:0.44-0.77; ≥2 hours/day: aOR=0.55, 95% CI:0.42-0.72).

Emotional regulation in male students may be more closely matched with the mechanism of MVPA, while emotional regulation in female students may align better with outdoor activities. It is advisable to provide gender-specific intervention scenarios to improve mental health.

To describe the trends in influenza vaccination coverage among children under five years old in Zhangjiagang from 2021 to 2024, and to explore the key determinants of parental vaccine acceptance using the Behavioural and Social Drivers (BeSD) framework, in order to provide scientific evidence for optimizing immunization strategies.

Data were obtained by integrating influenza vaccination records from the Jiangsu Provincial Immunization Information System and population statistics from the Zhangjiagang Statistical Yearbook. A BeSD-based questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the impact of parental cognitive attitudes, social support, and service accessibility. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between these factors and children’s influenza vaccination behavior.

Coverage increased from 8.12% in 2021 to 12.32% in 2024, remaining low. A total of 900 questionnaires were distributed, and 796 valid responses were included in the analysis. Multivariable analysis showed that older age (36-<60 months, OR=2.72), prior non-EPI vaccination (OR=2.17), school-based information (OR=1.90), vaccination intention (OR=7.21), healthcare provider recommendation (OR=2.81), and prior parental vaccination experience (OR=16.37) significantly promoted uptake. Living in non-urban areas (OR=0.60) and grandparent caregivers (OR=0.60) were barriers.

Vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. It is recommended to strengthen the health education capacity of medical staff and optimize the convenience of vaccination procedures. Targeted interventions should be implemented for families with young children and those with grandparent caregivers in order to enhance overall vaccination coverage.

To analyze the prevalence and its influencing factors among adult residents in Guangxi in 2023, so as to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and control of diabetes mellitus in Guangxi.

A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select residents aged 18 years and older in Guangxi. Participants completed questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Data were analyzed using R 4.5.1 software, including χ² tests and multivariable logistic regression.

Among the 6 187 subjects, 1 117 were identified as diabetic patients, with a standardized prevalence of diabetes 13.8 %. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (compared with 18-44 years old, 45-59 years old: OR=2.249, 95 % CI: 1.290-3.919; age 60 and above: OR = 3.428, 95 % CI: 1.894-6.205), retirees (compared with agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy production personnel, OR=1.847, 95 % CI: 1.151-2.962), overweight and obesity (compared with normal weight, overweight: OR=2.067, 95 % CI: 1.496-2.856; obesity: OR=2.326, 95 % CI: 1.506-3.595), and hypertension (compared with non-hypertensive individuals, OR=2.110, 95 % CI: 1.546-2.880) were significant risk factors for diabetes.

In 2023, the prevalence of diabetes in Guangxi showed a rapid rising trend. It is necessary to implement targeted prevention and control for key populations such as middle-aged and elderly people, overweight or obese people and individuals with hypertension.

To analyze the disease burden of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, and to predict the trend of burden changes from 2022 to 2050, providing a reference for the prevention and control of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in China.

Data on the prevalence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in different gender and age groups in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (95%UI), were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Joinpoint 5.0.1 software was used to calculate the temporal trends of the disease burden of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in China and globally. The nested Bayesian meta-regression model was employed to predict the burden of alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

The age-standardized prevalence (average annual percent change [AAPC]=-0.93% and -0.46% respectively), age-standardized mortality (AAPC=-2.17% and -0.89% respectively), and age-standardized DALYs rate (AAPC=-2.26% and -0.86% respectively) of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in China and globally showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2021. The burden of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in males was more severe than that in females in both China and globally, and the burden in people aged 50 years and above was more severe than that in those aged 15-49 years. It is predicted that by 2050, the age-standardized mortality rate in China will be 0.68 per 100 000, and the age-standardized DALYs rate will be 20.60 per 100 000; globally, the age-standardized mortality rate will be 4.36 per 100 000, and the age-standardized DALYs rate will be 134.70 per 100 000.

The disease burden of alcoholic liver cirrhosis in China is lower than the global level, with significant gender and age differences. It is recommended to strengthen attention to high-risk groups, allocate more resources to prevention and early detection, promote health education, and encourage residents to adopt healthy lifestyles.

To investigate the blood pressure levels, cognitive function, and gut microbiota characteristics of middle-aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

SHR and its control rats WKY aged 13 weeks were purchased and randomly divided into 4 groups, namely SHR male group (n=6), SHR female group (n=8), WKY male group (n=6) and WKY female group (n=8). After 26 weeks of feeding, the blood pressure level of the rats was measured by tail pressure method, and the autonomous activity ability of the rats was observed by open field experiment. The Morris water maze experiment was used to observe the learning and cognitive function of rats. After the experiment, the stool of rats was collected, and the intestinal flora characteristics of rats were analyzed by 16SrRNA sequencing.

The systolic blood pressure of male and female rats in SHR group was significantly higher than that in WKY group (all P<0.01). The results of open field test showed that the average speed of SHR female rats was higher than that of WKY male rats (P<0.001), while the residence time in the surrounding area of WKY female rats was higher than that of WKY male rats (P<0.05). The results of water maze test showed that the latency time of SHR during training decreased more than that of WKY, and the latency time of WKY female rats during testing was higher than that of SHR male and female rats (P<0.01; P<0.001). Beta diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in the structure of intestinal flora among the four groups of rats (R=0.627 5, P=0.001), and the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Turicibacter was increased in SHR males, while that of Bacteroidota and norank_f_Muribaculaceae was increased in WKY males (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between the relative abundance of certain gut microbiota and blood pressure as well as behavioral indicators in SHR and WKY rats of different genders.

There are significant gender differences in blood pressure levels, cognitive function, and gut microbiota characteristics among middle-aged SHR rats. The elevated blood pressure and hyperactivity characteristics are more pronounced in female rats, while the abnormal gut microbiota composition is more prominent in male rats. This suggests that gender differences should be considered in studies related to hypertension and gut microbiota.

Toexplore the factors influencing the persistence and progression of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1), and to construct and validate a Nomogram prediction model therefor.

A total of 564 patients with histopathologically confirmed CIN1 were enrolled from a community-based cohort of married women in Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province, between June and December 2022. All patients underwent pathological re-examination at 12 months, and their CIN1 lesions showed three outcomes: regression, persistence or progression. The study population was divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Lasso regression was used to screen predictor variables associated with the risk of CIN1 persistence and progression, and a Nomogram model was constructed using multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The model was evaluated using the concordance index(C-index), Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test, calibration curves, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 479 participants were enrolled in this study, with 335 assigned to the training set and 144 to the validation set. Lasso-Logistic regression identified serum folate level, HR-HPV infection, genital cleaning frequency, underwear change frequency, and gynecological history as variables associated with CIN1 persistence and progression. The internally validated C-index of the constructed Nomogram was 0.767, indicating good predictive performance.The H-L test showed a good fit of the model (χ²=1.447, P=0.485). The calibration curves of both the training and validation sets were close to the ideal diagonal, indicating good calibration. The areas under the ROC curves for the training and validation sets were 0.784 (95% CI:0.734-0.835) and 0.815 (95% CI:0.736-0.895), respectively, demonstrating good discriminative ability.

Serum folate level, HR-HPV infection, genital cleaning frequency, underwear change frequency, and gynecological history are significant predictive variables for persistence and progression of CIN1.The constructed Nomogram can intuitively predict the incidence of CIN1 persistent or progression in patients, providing a theoretical reference for the prevention, treatment, and individualized management of early cervical lesions.