Objective To evaluate the residue dissipation dynamics and dietary intake risks of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (DCCNa), prochloraz and its metabolites in Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc. Methods The residue dynamics of DCCNa, prochloraz and its metabolite 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc under room temperature and cold storage conditions were quantitatively analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), dietary intake risks were further assessed. Results There was a positive correlation between the concentration and residual amount of DCCNa and prochloraz in fruit soaking, indicating that higher dipping concentrations resulted in greater initial residues. The dissipation dynamics of both pesticides in Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc followed the first-order kinetics. The half-lives of DCCNa were 0.5-0.9 days at room temperature and 0.8-1.1 days under refrigeration, while those of prochloraz were 1.1-1.3 days and 1.5-2.1 days respectively. Additionally, the content of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, a metabolite of prochloraz, exhibited an increasing trend during storage. Dietary risk assessment demonstrated that when Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc were treated with DCCNa (15 mg/L and 60 mg/L) or prochloraz (45 mg/L and 180 mg/L) solutions for preservation respectively, the acute dietary exposure risks of both pesticides in at the highest residue levels remained within the acceptable limits. Moreover, acute dietary risk values of DCCNa and prochloraz in commercially available Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc were lower than those in the experimental treatment groups, with all acute dietary exposure risks below 100%, indicating controllable exposure levels. Conclusion This study clarifies the degradation patterns of sodium DCCNa, prochloraz and their metabolites during the storage and preservation process of Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc, providing a theoretical basis for the scientific and standardized use of fungicidal preservatives as well as quality and safety regulation.

Objective To detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by platinum nanoparticle labeling immunoassay based on metal-organic framework. Methods LPS polyclonal antibodies were obtained through immunization of mice with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). A composite nanozyme consisting of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) loaded on metal-organic framework (MIL101-NH₂) was prepared as a signal label. This nanozyme was integrated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to establish a novel immunosensing platform for LPS detection. Results The prepared LPS antibodies demonstrated a titer of 1:256000. The constructed nanozyme-based colorimetric immunoassay showed the limit of detection was 5 ng/mL (4-fold improvement in sensitivity compared with conventional enzyme-labeled ELISA), linear detection range of 20-2000 ng/mL, and satisfactory stability and specificity. Recoveries in apple juice and beer samples ranged from 90.38% to 105.71%. Conclusion This study develop LPS antibodies exhibited high specificity and strong titer. The establish Pt@MIL101-NH₂-ELISA method demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and reliability, providing a new approach for immunological detection of LPS.

Foodborne pathogens contamination is a major global challenge in the field of food safety. Traditional detection methods are limited by issues such as time-consuming processes and complex operational requirements. In recent years, bacteriophage-based biosensors have emerged as a promising research focus for the detection of foodborne pathogens due to their high specificity, sensitivity, and rapid detection capabilities. Bacteriophages, acting as biological recognition elements, can specifically bind to target bacteria and achieve rapid detection through signal transduction methods such as optical, electrochemical and magnetic signals. This review systematically summarized the research progress in bacteriophage-based biosensors for foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection, with a particular focus on the design principles, technical advantages and application prospects of optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, magnetic biosensors, and multimodal/multifunctional integrated sensors. These sensors show great potential for applications in food safety, environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. In the future, as bacteriophage resources become more abundant and with the advancement and integration of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence technologies, bacteriophage-based biosensors are expected to enable the development of more efficient detection tools and large-scale applications. These advancements will provide robust technical support for food safety, environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics, holding significant research and societal value.

Objective To investigate and analyze a food poisoning incident caused by bongkrekic acid (BA) in Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria, and detect the toxin. Methods Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure BA levels in 2 exposed food samples (cold rice noodles), 3 food storage environment samples, and 2 patient blood samples. Following GB/T 4789.29—2020 Microbiological examination of food hygiene—Examination of Burkholderia gladioli (Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans), microbial identification was performed on 2 exposed food samples and 3 environmental samples, including isolation and culture, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 16S rDNA sequencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and toxin production experiments. Results The BA concentrations in the 2 patients’ blood samples were 92.2 μg/L and 1059.0 μg/L, respectively. The BA content in the unsold and frozen cold rice noodles was 2.26 mg/kg and 0.39 mg/kg, respectively, while no BA was detected in the environmental samples. Two suspected strains were isolated from the implicated food. VITEK MS MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA sequencing identified both strains as Burkholderia gladioli. Real-time quantitative PCR and toxin production experiments confirmed that both strains could produce BA and tested positive for the bon gene, indicating toxigenic potential. They were comprehensively identified as Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans. No Burkholderia gladioli was detected in the environmental samples. Conclusion This food poisoning incident is caused by cold rice noodles contaminated with Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans. Relevant authorities need to strengthen food safety supervision to prevent similar poisoning incidents.

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of quinolones antibiotics (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin) and doxycycline residues in prepared dishes by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The 84% acetonitrile aqueous solution (1% ice acetic acid) was used as extraction solution, Oasis Prime-HLB solid phase extraction column was used to purify and concentrate, all the eluents were collected, nitrogen-blown to nearly dry, and 1 mL of complex solution 10% methanol aqueous solution (containing 1% ice acetic acid) was added to vortex dissolve, and 0.22 μm microporous filter membrane was taken as supernatant. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC TM BEH C₁₈ column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was separated, methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution were used as mobile phase, ionization mode was spray positive ion mode, and the analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction detection mode. Results The linear correlation of the 7 kinds of antibiotics was good (r>0.9990). The limits of detection were 0.03-0.24 μg/kg and the limits of quantitatation were 0.09-0.72 μg/kg. The recoveries were 84.5%-114.0% and the relative standard deviations were 1.1%-4.1%. Conclusion The method established in this study is convenient, rapid, accurate and stable, and can be used for quantitative analysis of 6 kinds of quinolone veterinary drug residues and doxycycline residues in prepared dishes.

Objective To establish and optimize conditions for the determination of octachlorostyrene residues in milk by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Methods Milk samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleared up by sodium chloride and anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered through a microporous membrane, and analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed on a Waters C₁₈ column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution by using 0.3% trifluoroacetic acid solution (pH=3.2) and acetonitrile (20:80, V:V) as the mobile phase, and quantified by external standard method. Results The results indicated that the correlations were greater than 0.999 at the range of 0.1 to 2.0 ng/mL. The limit of detection of octachlorostyrene was 0.05 μg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 0.1 μg/kg. The average recoveries of octachlorostyrene ranged from 70% to 90% at spiled levels of 0.1 to 0.4 μg/kg with relative standard deviation less then 10%. Conclusion The experiment show that the method is simple, rapid, high sensitivity, good reproducibility and suitable for detection of octachlorostyrene residues in milk. The method provide effective technical support to the government’s food and agricultural product quality supervision work.

Objective To establish a rapid analytical protocol for the detection of multiple pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables on bioluminescence inhibition of enzyme receptor. Methods Regarding sensitivity as the index of investigating, the effects of the extraction solvent and reaction time were separately investigated. The pretreatment protocol and detection conditions parameters were optimized. Then, the sensitivity, false positive rate, false negative rate and cross-reactivity of the method were evaluated. Results The findings demonstrated that the enzyme receptor bioluminescence technique was capable of concurrently identifying several pesticide residues within fruits and vegetables, with a sensitivity that complies with the GB 2763—2021 National food safety standards-Maximum residue limits of pesticides in food. The false negative rate was 0%, the false positive rate was less than 5%, and the cross-reactivity rate was less than or equal to 0.10%. Comparative analysis utilizing both the bioluminescence inhibition of enzyme receptor and the conventional national standard method was conducted on fruit and vegetable samples sourced from the market, yielding congruent results. Conclusion The bioluminescence inhibition of enzyme receptor established in the present study is deemed suitable for the rapid assessment of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. It is appropriated for oversight by local regulatory bodies and assists companies in improving their internal quality control, which is highly important for boosting the quick detection ability of pesticide residues.

Owing to the high protein content, low fat levels, and rich amino acid profile of Bos grunniens meat, market demand has been steadily increasing. Due tohigh breeding costs, low production yields, and widespread adulteration practices have hindered the industrial development of Bos grunniens meat. Analysis technologies have played a crucial role in ensuring the safety of the supply of Bos grunniens meat products. This paper reviewed the analytical techniques applied to Bos grunniens meat assessment over the past 20 years, namely chromatography, mass spectrometry (MS), biological and spectroscopic techniques. In particular, chromatography, MS and their coupled techniques had proven effective in characterizing the composition and structure of Bos grunniens meat. Biological techniques, notably polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, DNA sequencing (DNA-seq), and related methods, were applicable to species identification and genetic analysis. Furthermore, immunoassay (IA) demonstrate high sensitivity in monitoring veterinary drug residues, whileloop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) could be employed for adulterant detection. Spectroscopic techniques exhibited outstanding performance in compositional analysis, freshness evaluation and geographical origin tracing. The integration of chemometrics with spectroscopic techniques showed great promise forrapid analysis and accurate identification of Bos grunniens meat components, driving the evolution of Bos grunniens analysis toward eco-friendly, non-invasive and automated paradigms. It provides comprehensive technical references and theoretical support for quality improvement, market supervision, scientific research, and the sustainable development of the Bos grunniens industry.

As a crucial source of natural astaxanthin, Haematococcus pluvialis powder holds a significant position in the global food, health products and feed industries. The scientificity and rationality of its quality standards are not only crucial for the market competitiveness of the products but also directly impact the health and safety of consumers. Although the national standard GB/T 30893—2014 Haematococcus pluvialis powder issued in 2014 played a pivotal role in the early stages of industrial development, technological advancements and evolving market demands have made some technical indicators inadequate for the current high-quality industry development. To address this, the National Standardization Management Committee issued the national standard GB/T 30893—2024 Haematococcus pluvialis powder in 2024, which will be officially implemented on April 1st, 2025, replacing the 2014 standard. This paper systematically introduced the basic framework of the new standard and provides an in-depth analysed of the basis for establishing key technical indicators such as total astaxanthin, all-trans astaxanthin, protein, moisture and ash. It also compared the main changes before and after the standard revision in detail. The research findings of this paper offered precise theoretical basis and technical reference for quality supervision departments, manufacturers and traders, aiding in promoting the high-quality and sustainable development of China’s Haematococcus pluvialis powder industry in the global market. Simultaneously, the implementation of the new standard will inject strong momentum into the efficient utilization of microalgae biological resources and the vigorous development of the big health industry in China, further enhancing China’s influence and competitiveness in the global microalgae industry.

Penicillin antibiotics are widely used in the field of animal and plant disease prevention and control. However, due to improper or even illegal use, there are residues of penicillin antibiotics in food. The molecular structure of penicillin is unstable and undergoes varying degrees of degradation under different conditions. The degradation products, such as penicilloic acid, are the primary contributors to its allergenicity and cytotoxicity. And once penicillin degrades, conventional detection technologies for it will not accurately reflect the actual situation. At present, the potential risks of degradation products of penicillin antibiotics in food safety have not been given sufficient attention both domestically and internationally. This article summarized the degradation processes of penicillin antibiotics under different conditions, summarized the specific applications of high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, immunoassay and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in the detection of degradation products of penicillin antibiotics. Additionally, this paper analyzed the applicability characteristics and limitations of these methods to raise awareness of food safety issues caused by degradation products of penicillin antibiotics and provide references for further research and development of related detection technologies.