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Penicillin antibiotics are widely used in the field of animal and plant disease prevention and control. However, due to improper or even illegal use, there are residues of penicillin antibiotics in food. The molecular structure of penicillin is unstable and undergoes varying degrees of degradation under different conditions. The degradation products, such as penicilloic acid, are the primary contributors to its allergenicity and cytotoxicity. And once penicillin degrades, conventional detection technologies for it will not accurately reflect the actual situation. At present, the potential risks of degradation products of penicillin antibiotics in food safety have not been given sufficient attention both domestically and internationally. This article summarized the degradation processes of penicillin antibiotics under different conditions, summarized the specific applications of high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, immunoassay and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in the detection of degradation products of penicillin antibiotics. Additionally, this paper analyzed the applicability characteristics and limitations of these methods to raise awareness of food safety issues caused by degradation products of penicillin antibiotics and provide references for further research and development of related detection technologies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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