To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of 30 kinds of pesticide and veterinary drug residues across 10 classes-including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, nitroimidazoles, triphenylmethanes, β-lactams, hormones, organophosphorus compounds and carbamates in aquatic products by automated solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing formic acid, purified using HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges, and separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water, and analyzed by a SCIEX\Triple Quad 5500+ tandem mass spectrometer.

The 30 kinds of compounds exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 5–100 μg/L, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9914 to 0.9998. The limits of detection were less than or equal to 0.025 mg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were less than or equal to 0.050 mg/kg. Mean recoveries for spiked samples ranged from 62.8% to 108.1%, with relative standard deviations of 1.0%–14.7% (n=6).

The method demonstrates high precision, good accuracy and a high degree of automation, making it suitable for high-throughput screening of pesticide and veterinary drug residues in aquatic products.

To develop a nanozyme-based immunochromatographic test strip with high sensitivity for rapid identification of bovine milk or goat milk adulteration in camel milk, utilizing the property that nanozymes can catalyze substrates to amplify detection signals.

The competitive method was adopted to develop the immunochromatography test strip. The rabbit antibody (Ab) of β-casein labeled with cobalt iron oxide (CoFe₂O₄)nanozyme was sprayed onto the binding pad. The β-casein antigen and mouse anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) were respectively coated on the detection line (T line) and the control line (C line) of the nitrocellulose membrane to assemble the nanozyme immuno-chromatographic test strip. The nanozyme test strip was evaluated for consistency, sensitivity, limit of detection and specificity with the commercial colloidal gold immuno-chromatographic kit.

The nanozyme strip demonstrated a sensitivity of 5 μg/mL for antigen detection, which was 200 times higher than that of the commercial colloidal gold strip (1000 μg/mL). The limit of detection was 0.02% (capable of detecting cow milk diluted up to 5000 times), demonstrating a significant advantage over commercially colloidal gold strips with a limit of detection was 0.1%. It exhibited excellent specificity and achieved 100% consistency with the commercial colloidal gold strip.

This method is simple to operate, and can quickly screen out adulteration in camel milk on the spot.It has higher sensitivity than the commercial colloidal gold reagent strip.

To evaluate the antioxidant activities of peanut peptides and investigate the effects of temperature, pH, metal ions, food ingredients and sterilization methods on their antioxidant stabilities.

Peanut peptides at gradient concentrations were subjected to assays for free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, metal ion chelating capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The scavenging activity of peanut peptides against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was assessed under different conditions of temperature, pH, metal ions, food ingredients and sterilization methods.

With increasing concentrations of peanut peptides, 7 kinds of antioxidant activities—namely, DPPH radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing power, molybdenum reducing power, Fe²⁺ chelating ability, Cu²⁺ chelating ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity—were all enhanced. At temperatures below 37  ℃, the peanut peptide fully retained its antioxidant activity, while at 80 ℃, the reduction rate of antioxidant activity was only 4.58%. The peanut peptide maintained complete antioxidant activity under acidic to neutral conditions (pH 2–7), partial activity at pH 8 and 9, and lost its antioxidant activity at pH greater than 10. The peanut peptide also retained intact antioxidant activity in the presence of food ingredients such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, citrate, ascorbic acid, sodium bisulfite and sodium benzoate, as well as metal ions including Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Al³⁺, and under various sterilization conditions such as microwave sterilization method, pasteurization sterilization method, ultraviolet sterilization method, high-pressure steam sterilization method and boiling water treatments sterilization method.

The peanut peptide prepared in this study exhibits favorable antioxidant activities and stabilities. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the isolation, purification and development of high-value-added products from peanut peptide, as well as for its application in food processing.

To establish a method for the rapid determination of 13 kinds of metallic elements in agricultural products by ultrasonic-assisted acid extraction-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

The ultrasonic extraction method was adopted, with nitric acid solution as the extractant. By systematically optimizing key parameters such as the concentration of the extractant, ultrasonic time and temperature, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to detect 13 kinds of metallic elements in edible agricultural products.

Comparative analysis with GB 5009.268—2025 National food safety standard-Determination of multiple elements in foods showed that ultrasonic extraction with 20% nitric acid at 55 ℃ for 20 minutes effectively extracted ten heavy metallic elements, such as sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, cadmium, arsenic, lead, copper, manganese and zinc from agricultural products. The extraction efficiency was comparable to that of the GB 5009.268—2025 microwave digestion method (the ratio between the results of ultrasonic acid extraction and those of the GB 5009.268—2025 microwave digestion method was between 0.8 and 1.0). However, the extraction efficiencies for aluminum, chromium and iron were unsatisfactory.

This method is suitable for rapid detection of most heavy metallic elements in agricultural products, offering advantages such as high efficiency, energy savings and low pollution. Nevertheless, and it is not applicable for quantitative analysis of aluminum, chromium or iron.

To investigate the extraction efficiency of Pteris vittata polysaccharides via an ultrasound-assisted cellulase method, and explore its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities.

Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the technical parameters for the ultrasound-assisted cellulase extraction of Pteris vittata polysaccharides. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by determining the inhibition rates of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, while the in vitro hypolipidemic activity was assessed by analyzing the inhibition rate of pancreatic lipase activity as well as the binding rates to sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate.

The optimal extraction parameters for Pteris vittata polysaccharides were determined as follows: solid-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g:mL), cellulase dosage of 2.2%, ultrasonic power of 316 W, ultrasonic temperature of 51 ℃ and ultrasonic time of 22 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of Pteris vittata polysaccharides was measured to be 4.19%±0.08%. In vitro bioactivity assessment demonstrated that Pteris vittata polysaccharides possessed certain hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic biological activities. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of Pteris vittata polysaccharides against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 3.52 mg/mL and 2.75 mg/mL, respectively. Its IC₅₀ against pancreatic lipase was 4.08 mg/mL, and the half-maximal effective concentrations (EC₅₀) for glycocholate and taurocholate were 4.45 mg/mL and 4.38 mg/mL, respectively.

The ultrasound-assisted cellulase method can efficiently extract Pteris vittata polysaccharides. Pteris vittata polysaccharides are potential functional food material with hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties.

To analyze the molecular mechanism of active components from Forsythia suspensa leaves in intervening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.

The 3 NAFLD datasets (GSE126848, GSE89632, GSE63067) were selected from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. With healthy population as the control group and “NAFLD patients” as the experimental group, the limma R package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The active components of Forsythia suspensa leaves were obtained and their targets were predicted. The intersection with DEGs was taken to obtain potential targets. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG)enrichment analyses were performed to explore cell functions and signaling pathways. A protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed to screen core targets. Molecular docking was conducted via AutoDock Vina, and the molecular interaction mechanism between core targets and components was analyzed online.

A total of 17 kinds of main active components of Forsythia suspensa leaves, 576 DEGs and 61 intersecting targets were obtained.The core targets included intercellular adhesion molecule 1, insulin-like growth factor 1, nitric oxide synthase 3, matrix metalloproteinase 2, etc. The involved signaling pathways included the advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, etc. Molecular docking results showed that key components bound tightly to core targets. Among them, rutin had the lowest binding affinity with nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) (–10.9 kcal/mol), involving hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds, π-π stacking and π-cation interactions.

Forsythia suspensa leaves may interfere with the pathological process of NAFLD in multiple dimensions by inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation, alleviating oxidative stress, reducing chronic inflammation, improving insulin resistance and delaying hepatic fibrosis through a multi-component, multi-target and multi-signaling pathway mode. Core active components such as rutin play an important role in the treatment of NAFLD.

To investigate the types and differences of volatile compounds in ethyl ester-type fish oil after the addition of different adsorbents.

The carbon tube composite adsorbent was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The quality of ethyl ester-type fish oil was evaluated by determining its acid value, peroxide value and p-anisidine value. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis was applied to screen the key volatile compounds in ethyl ester-type fish oil treated with different adsorbents.

SEM analysis confirmed the stability of the carbon nanotube-activated carbon composite structure; after treatment with the carbon tube composite adsorbent, the quality of ethyl ester-type fish oil complied with GB 5009. 229—2025 National food safety standard-Determination of acid value in foods, GB 5009.227—2023 National food safety standard-Determination of peroxide value in foods, GB/T 24304—2024 Animal and vegetable fats and oils-Determination of anisidine value; GC-IMS analysis detected a total of 53 kinds of volatile compounds, including 11 kinds of aldehydes, 10 kinds of alcohols, 8 kinds of ketones, 7 kinds of esters, 6 kinds of alkenes and 11 kinds of other compounds. Combined with orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and variable importance in projection, GC-IMS screening finally identified 14 kinds of key volatile substances, namely (E, E)-2, 4-nonadienal, N-nitrosodimethylamine, 2-butanone (D), (Z)-3-hexenol, ethanediol (D), (E, E)-2, 4-heptadienal (D), decanal, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethanediol (M), ethyl propionate (M), (E, E)-2, 4-heptadienal (M), 3-penten-2-one (M) and camphene.

This study clarifies the regulatory rules by which a novel new type carbon tube composite adsorbent the flavor compounds in ethyl ester-type fish oil, providing scientific guidance for optimizing the refining process of ethyl ester-type fish oil, as well as theoretical support and practical evidence for the development of new adsorbent materials.

To explore the migration regularity and the reduction and control technology of pesticide residues in citrus during canning.

Weizhang, a Satsuma variety, was used as the research object to do the simulation test of the entire canning process. The high-risk pesticide residues were treated by soaking the whole fruit.The design dose was 1, 10, 100 mg/L. Through the selection of methods and process parameters, sampling analysis and risk assessment were conducted on various processing stages such as cleaning, blanching, peeling, segment membrane removal, rinsing and sterilization in canning.

It was proved that pesticides of citrus mainly remain in the peel. Ozone and ultrasonic treatment were more effective than running water cleaning. The effects of blanching and acid and alkali treatment on pesticide degradation were better with the increase of time and temperature.In the segment membrane removal tests, the residue of carbendazim decreased by 67.12% on average with the acid-treatment, and decreased by 46.98% with the alkali-treated. The best technical system for reducing pesticide residues in canned citrus had been determined: The whole fruit is washed with running water for 10 min and combined with ozone or ultrasonic cleaning, then blanched at 95 ℃ for 2 min. And it was peeled and split within 15 min and soaked for 40 min with 0.15% HCl in 25 ℃, and 0.05% NaOH for 5 min and rinsed with running water for 1 h and sterilized after canning.

The degradation effect of each process on pesticide residues is ascertained. The migration law of pesticide residues is clarified. The key control points of canning are determined and a set of perfect and effective reduction technologies have been formed.

To analyze the characteristics and origin of one food-derived ST45 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain and evaluate its pathogenicity.

This study conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing and analysis, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation ability and the lethality of the food source ST45-MRSA (SAV15) to comprehensively assess its potential threat. Using the genomic data of Staphylococcus aureus included in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NCBI), the ST45 Staphylococcus aureus dataset was constructed. A phylogenetic tree was established based on single nucleotide polymorphism analysis to trace the food source SAV15.

The foodborne SAV15 exhibited resistance to cefoxitin, oxacillin, penicillin and erythromycin, carrying multiple resistance genes including mecA, erm(C) and blaZ.SAV15 harbored hemolysin genes (hla, hlb and hld) and adhesion-related factors (clfAB and icaABCDR), exhibiting strong biofilm formation capacity. Notably, its lethality in Galleria mellonella showed no significant difference compared to the hypervirulent USA300 and bloodstream infection strains (P>0.05). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SAV15 belongs to the Chinese ST45-MRSA lineage and carries multiple human immune evasion cluster genes, such as chp, scn and sak. These findings suggested that the foodborne SAV15 likely originated from human carriers through contamination of the food chain via horizontal transmission.

Human-origin ST45-MRSA may be horizontally transmitted through food chain contamination. Strengthening the surveillance of MRSA within the food chain is essential to provide data support for food safety and public health policy-making.