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Objective To investigate the distribution of 26 kinds of metal elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Al, Mn, Cu, Ba, V, Se, Sb, Ni, Sn, Li, B, Zn, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Sr, Mo, Co, Rb) and assess the dietary risk with cereals in Handan City. Methods A total of 51 cereal samples (wheat and maize) were analyzed for 26 kinds of metal elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Statistical analysis was performed on the detection results, and nutritional and exposure risk assessments were conducted for macro- and trace elements using the individual pollution index, target hazard quotient, carcinogenic risk, and estimated daily intake. Results The method demonstrated good linearity, high accuracy, and sensitivity. Among the 26 kinds of metal elements, 24 kinds of metal elements were detected in the cereal samples, except for Hg and Li. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis revealed interspecies differences between wheat and maize, as well as distinct correlations among different elements. The contamination levels of 5 kinds of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr) were within safe limits. The target hazard index of 19 kinds of metal elements and the carcinogenic risk index for Pb were significantly below threshold levels, indicating no health risks, but the carcinogenic risk assessment for As suggested potential health risks. Nutritional assessment showed that the cereals were rich in K and Mg, but low in Na. However, Cr exposure reached nearly 300% of the adequate daily intake, indicating a significant health concern. Conclusion The established method is effective for multi-element analysis in cereals. This research findings provide updated dietary intake assessment of multi-elements of Handan adult consumers. The dietary assessment indicates that intake of cereals in Handan City poses no significant health risks, but particular attention should be paid to Cr and As contamination.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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