To investigate the current application status of food-medicine substances in commercially available prepackaged foods and the labeling characteristics of relevant information on food packaging.

From June to October 2025, label information of prepackaged foods containing food-medicine substances ingredients sold in the market was collected. The application situation of food-medicine substances and labeling characteristics were analyzed, and the relationships between the use of food-medicine substances and food categories as well as their combined applications were explored.

A total of 583 food label samples were found to contain 103 kinds of different food-medicine substances, covering 25 product categories. Among them, beverages, convenience foods and tea and related products accounted for 327 samples (56.1%). Minimalist-type products were totaled 295 (50.6%). The 10 most frequently used food-medicine substances were: babury wolfberry fruit, Chinese date, dried orange peel, Chinese hawthorn fruit, liquorice root, indian buead, common yam rhizome, mullberry fruit, Ma-yuen jobstears seed and honey.Further analysis was conducted on the top 10 food-medicine substances used in 8 major food categories (each containing great than or equal to 20 kinds of products), which revealed that babury wolfberry fruit was the most frequently used in both beverages and tea products, and these two categories showed high similarity in the use of other food-medicine substances. In convenience foods, common yam rhizome was the most commonly used; in dairy products, Chinese hawthorn fruit was the most frequent; in confectionery and fruit products, liquorice root was the most prevalent; and in potato-based and puffed snacks, bunge pricklyath pericarp was the most used. The 7 kinds of food-medicine substances—liquorice root, babury wolfberry fruit, indian buead, common yam rhizome, Chinese hawthorn fruit, dried orange peel and Chinese date—were used across at least 4 different food categories. Regarding combined usage, 8 two-item sets (e.g., Chinese hawthorn fruit, dried orange peel) and 4 three-item sets (e.g., common yam rhizome, Indian buead, lotus seed) were found to have strong or very strong associations. The added amounts of food-medicine substances were indicated on the labels of 300 products (51.5%), while geographical origin information of the food-medicine substances was provided on 46 products (7.9%). A total of 399 products (68.4%) used text or graphics to highlight food-medicine substances-related characteristics, such as labeling with terms like “food-medicine substances”or “homology of medicine and food”.

Food-medicine substances are widely used in prepackaged foods but with high concentration, mainly relying on a small number of commonly used materials and mainstream food categories. The scientific basis of combined application of food-medicine substances, product innovation level and standardization of labeling all need to be further improved.

To establish a method for the simultaneous detection of 12 kinds of animal-derived ingredients in food, including Sus scrofa, Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis, Bos grunniens, Capra hircus, Ovis aries, Gallus gallus, Anas platyrhynchos, Anser cygnoides, Equus asinus, Equus caballus, Oryctolagus cuniculus by high-throughput quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and develop corresponding reference materials.

Primers, probes and reaction system were designed based on specific target genes of each animal-derived ingredient. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were evaluated. Concurrently, corresponding reference materials were developed.

A qPCR system for the simultaneous detection of 12 kinds of animal-derived ingredients was successfully established. The sensitivity for each ingredient was 0.01 ng/μL, and no amplification was observed in non-target species,demonstrating good specificity. The limit of detection of this method for different animal-derived components in fresh meat was 0.1%. The developed reference materials exhibited good homogeneity and stability, with the assigned value being positive for the corresponding animal-derived ingredients. The shelf life under frozen conditions at –18 °C is up to 36 months.

The established method exhibits good specificity and high sensitivity, effectively improving detection efficiency and reducing costs. The prepared reference materials meet the requirements for reference materials and can be used for intended purposes such as quality assurance throughout the detection process.

To investigate the prevalence distribution and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in diarrhea outpatient clinic in Qingpu District, Shanghai, from 2023 to 2025.

Rectal swabs and case data were collected from eligible diarrhea outpatients at 3 hospitals and 8 community health service centers in Qingpu District. Foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 5 kinds of categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, were isolated and identified by laboratory diagnosis. The antimicrobial susceptibility to 17 kinds of antibiotics of 10 classes was determined using the broth microdilution method. Epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the pathogens were statistically analyzed with SPSS 27.0.

A total of 110 strains of foodborne pathogens were detected from 974 anal swab samples of diarrhea cases during 2023—2025, including 56 strains of 5 categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, 30 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 24 strains of Salmonella. The annual detection rates were 6.46% (34/526), 15.29% (26/170)and 17.99% (50/278), respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (χ²=27.39, P<0.001). The detection rate was 11.60% (61/526) in males and 10.94% (49/447) in females, with no statistically significant difference(χ²=0.105, P=0.746>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in detection rates among different seasons(χ²=65.324, P<0.001), with the highest detection rate in the third quarter (summer) (21.65%, 63/291). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the 110 strains mentioned above. Marked differences were observed in the antimicrobial resistance profiles among different foodborne pathogens, and multidrug resistance was found in Salmonella strains. Among the 5 kinds of pathotypes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, the highest antimicrobial resistance rate was detected against ampicillin (a penicillin), reaching 76.79%. The resistance rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to polymyxin E showed an upward trend over the three-year period, with annual resistance rates of 0%, 8.00% and 46.15%, respectively. The difference in resistance rates among the 3 years was statistically significant(χ²=81.843, P<0.05). Salmonella strains exhibited high resistance rates to cotrimoxazole (100.00%),ampicillin/sulbactam (54.17%), tetracycline (58.33%) and streptomycin (54.17%). Salmonella strains showed high resistance rates to cotrimoxazole (100.00%), ampicillin/sulbactam (54.17%), tetracycline (58.33%) and streptomycin(54.17%). The proportion of multidrug-resistant strains (defined as resistance to 3 or more classes of antibiotics)increased annually, and multidrug-resistant strains accounted for 58.3% of all resistant isolates in 2025.

From 2023 to 2025, foodborne pathogens in Qingpu District, Shanghai are mainly prevalent in summer, and the annual positive detection rate increased year by year, indicating that more attention should be paid to food hygiene and health. The drug resistance profiles varied significantly among different foodborne pathogens. Clinicians should select sensitive and appropriate antibiotics based on diarrhea symptoms, combine with the characteristics and drug resistance of different pathogens. Meanwhile, strengthening food hygiene supervision and health education is necessary to control and reduce the incidence of foodborne pathogen-induced diarrhea.

To establish a method for the flavonoid components of honey from different geographical origins by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and conduct an evaluation of antioxidant activity.

After sample preparation,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed for analysis. Chemometric methods including principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to screen differential compounds of honey from different geographical origins. Additionally, the differences in their antioxidant activities were evaluated based on the scavenging rates of 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) cation radical and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical.

The 79 kinds of flavonoid compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Honeys from different origins were clearly distinguished, and 17 kinds of flavonoids,including quercetin, nobiletin and kaempferol, were screened as characteristic markers for origin differentiation. Hongqi village honey (HQC) exhibited the strongest scavenging rates against ABTS radical cation and DPPH radical.

The combination of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and chemometrics can effectively differentiate honey from different geographical origins. This study provides a reference for the authentication of honey origin.

To establish a recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow (RPA-LF) detection method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products, targeting the species-specific 16S rRNA gene and the hemolysin-encoding gene hly.

Primers and probes suitable for RPA-LF were designed based on the conserved fragments of the target sequence, and the optimal primer-probe combination was selected, the corresponding detection method was established, and its reaction conditions were optimized.

Under optimized conditions, the total reaction time of the RPA-LF assay was only 20 min, and the results could be observed visually by the naked eye. The method showed no cross-reactivity with 8 kinds of common foodborne pathogenic microorganisms, demonstrating good specificity. It could also distinguish Listeria monocytogenes from other Listeria species, indicating good anti-interference ability against bacteria from the same genus. The limit of detection was as low as 82 fg/μL, corresponding to approximately 1.8×10² CFU/mL, demonstrating high sensitivity. Furthermore,when used for routine sample detection, the method yielded results consistent with those obtained by traditional microbiological methods.

The RPA-LF method targeting the hemolysin gene of Listeria monocytogenes established in this study has several advantages, including low instrument dependency, simple operation, high sensitivity, good specificity and direct visual readout. It provides a new approach for the rapid on-site detection and screening diagnosis of this pathogen.

To establish an pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for the determination of D-mannose content.

p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester (p-ABEE) was selected as the derivatization agent. The derivatization reaction conditions between D-mannose and p-ABEE were systematically optimized, and the effects of molar ratio of derivatization reactants, reaction temperature and reaction time on derivatization efficiency were emphatically investigated. Meanwhile, the HPLC detection conditions,including chromatographic column type and mobile phase composition, were optimized to realize efficient separation and accurate quantification of derivatized products.

The optimal experimental conditions were determined as follows: the molar ration of D-mannose to p-ABEE was 1:54, and the reaction was performed at a constant temperature of 75 ℃ for 1.5 h. The mobile phase consisted of 0.02% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and acetonitrile(77:23, V:V) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.00 mL/min. The detection wavelength was determined to be 307 nm. and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. Method validation results showed that D-mannose had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.50–20.01 mmol/L (r²=0.998) with the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.05 mmol/L and 0.12 mmol/L, respectively. The recoveries of D-mannose were ranged from 98.55% to 101.45%, with the relative standard deviations of 3.62%–12.74% (n=3).

This method is simple to operate, with mild derivatization conditions and excellent separation effect. It also exhibits good linearity, high recovery rate and low detection limit, showing strong practicality. The method is suitable for the determination of D-mannose in in various matrices such as polysaccharides extracted from plants.

To analyze the genomic epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and cross-sector transmission risks of the Salmonella Kentucky ST198 lineage in Yangzhou from 2019 to 2025 based on the “One Health” framework.

Salmonella Kentucky isolates were recovered from clinical patients, retail foods, healthy food handlers and sewage in Yangzhou. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools were utilized to identify ST, resistance genes and plasmid structures. A phylogenetic tree based on core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms was constructed to evaluate the genetic relationships among isolates from different sources.

Among 23 ST198 isolates,ST198.2-2 was identified as the predominant subtype. ST198.2-2 isolates typically harbored bla_CTX-M-55, tet(A),genes. Notably, a novel IncFIB(K) plasmid carrying 8 kinds of resistance genes, including qnrS2, was first identified in an ST198.2-1 isolate. Phylogenetic analysis that food isolates and clinical case strains were highly clustered at the core genomic level, suggesting the possibility of foodborne transmission. The rmtB gene was detected in strains derived from health practitioners, suggesting that this group mought constitute a hidden drug resistance pool.

The ST198.2-2 subtype has become the dominant lineage in Yangzhou, presenting severe drug fast challenges. Animal-derived food serves as the primary infection route, while occupational carriers and sewage facilitate the environmental dissemination of resistance determinants. An integrated surveillance system covering the“farm-to-fork” chain, with specific focus on healthy food handlers, is urgently recommended.

To explore the impact of different storage methods on the volatile components and quality of Lycium chinensis, and screen suitable short-term storage conditions.

Taking fresh wolfberry fruit as a control, 3 kinds of storage treatments were set up: Room temperature, low temperature (4 ℃) and freezing. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy technology was used to identify volatile components, and the content of polysaccharides, total phenols, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and sensory quality were determined.Combined with orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, the correlation between component changes and quality was revealed.

A total of 52 kinds of volatile components were identified, among which alcohols and esters were characteristic aroma substances, which were significantly positively correlated with polysaccharides, total phenols, carotenoids, color and taste, and significantly negatively correlated with MDA; storage at room temperature promoted the accumulation of aldehydes and ketones, increased MDA, and significantly deteriorated nutritional and sensory quality; low-temperature storage could effectively inhibit the deterioration process. The volatile components were highly similar to fresh fruits. The retention rates of total phenols and carotenoids reached 89.22% and 85.72% respectively, and the sensory quality was the best; frozen storage caused serious aroma loss due to ice crystal damage, and the quality declined significantly.

The 4 ℃ low temperature storage can significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation and aroma degradation, which is an ideal method for short-term storage of Lycium chinensis.