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Fungal toxins are a class of toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi under specific environmental conditions, with nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenesis, and mutagenicity. These toxins can enter the food chain by contaminating agricultural products such as grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and their processed products, posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, developing efficient and sensitive detection techniques for fungal toxins in food is particularly important. This article provided a systematic review of common fungal toxin detection technologies in food, focusing on the technical characteristics of different detection technologies in sensitivity, specificity, multi-component synchronous detection, and on-site rapid screening, analyzed the key technical bottlenecks such as complex food matrix interference elimination, precise quantification of trace toxins, and development of detection standard substances, providing reference for in-depth research in this field and the updating and optimization of national and other levels of detection standards, in order to further improve the accuracy and efficiency of fungal toxin detection in food and provide strong support for food safety assurance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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