Objective To study the effects of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality changes of lotus seeds during storage. Methods Fresh lotus seeds were used as the test material, and the appearance and nutritional quality of the lotus seeds were treated with a film-covered 20% modified atmosphere packaging (T1), and a film-covered 20% modified atmosphere packaging with 1-methylcyclopropene (T2), with a regular preservation box used as the control (CK). Results The results showed that compared to CK, both T1 and T2 treatments significantly reduced the weight loss and browning of lotus seeds, and maintained the content of nutrients such as vitamin C, amylose, total phenols and soluble solids. Under the condition of 7 days of room temperature storage, the weight loss of CK was 16.4%, T1 was 3.4%, and T2 was 4.0%. The total phenol content of CK, T1 and T2 was 5.453, 9.210 and 10.916 mg/g, respectively. The vitamin C content in T1 and T2 was 0.41 mg/100 g and 0.84 mg/100 g higher than that of the control group, and the amylose content was 0.856 mg/g and 1.438 mg/g higher than that of the control group. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that the T1 and T2 treatments have a good effect in reducing the post-harvest nutrient consumption of lotus seeds and maintaining their color, with T2 treatment showing a more significant effect compared to T1 treatment. This research provides practical evidence for the optimization of post-harvest preservation techniques for fresh lotus seeds.

Objective To evaluate the residue dissipation dynamics and dietary intake risks of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (DCCNa), prochloraz and its metabolites in Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc. Methods The residue dynamics of DCCNa, prochloraz and its metabolite 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc under room temperature and cold storage conditions were quantitatively analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), dietary intake risks were further assessed. Results There was a positive correlation between the concentration and residual amount of DCCNa and prochloraz in fruit soaking, indicating that higher dipping concentrations resulted in greater initial residues. The dissipation dynamics of both pesticides in Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc followed the first-order kinetics. The half-lives of DCCNa were 0.5-0.9 days at room temperature and 0.8-1.1 days under refrigeration, while those of prochloraz were 1.1-1.3 days and 1.5-2.1 days respectively. Additionally, the content of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, a metabolite of prochloraz, exhibited an increasing trend during storage. Dietary risk assessment demonstrated that when Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc were treated with DCCNa (15 mg/L and 60 mg/L) or prochloraz (45 mg/L and 180 mg/L) solutions for preservation respectively, the acute dietary exposure risks of both pesticides in at the highest residue levels remained within the acceptable limits. Moreover, acute dietary risk values of DCCNa and prochloraz in commercially available Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc were lower than those in the experimental treatment groups, with all acute dietary exposure risks below 100%, indicating controllable exposure levels. Conclusion This study clarifies the degradation patterns of sodium DCCNa, prochloraz and their metabolites during the storage and preservation process of Myrica rubra Sieb. & Zucc, providing a theoretical basis for the scientific and standardized use of fungicidal preservatives as well as quality and safety regulation.

Objective To detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by platinum nanoparticle labeling immunoassay based on metal-organic framework. Methods LPS polyclonal antibodies were obtained through immunization of mice with outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). A composite nanozyme consisting of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) loaded on metal-organic framework (MIL101-NH₂) was prepared as a signal label. This nanozyme was integrated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to establish a novel immunosensing platform for LPS detection. Results The prepared LPS antibodies demonstrated a titer of 1:256000. The constructed nanozyme-based colorimetric immunoassay showed the limit of detection was 5 ng/mL (4-fold improvement in sensitivity compared with conventional enzyme-labeled ELISA), linear detection range of 20-2000 ng/mL, and satisfactory stability and specificity. Recoveries in apple juice and beer samples ranged from 90.38% to 105.71%. Conclusion This study develop LPS antibodies exhibited high specificity and strong titer. The establish Pt@MIL101-NH₂-ELISA method demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and reliability, providing a new approach for immunological detection of LPS.

Penicillin antibiotics are widely used in the field of animal and plant disease prevention and control. However, due to improper or even illegal use, there are residues of penicillin antibiotics in food. The molecular structure of penicillin is unstable and undergoes varying degrees of degradation under different conditions. The degradation products, such as penicilloic acid, are the primary contributors to its allergenicity and cytotoxicity. And once penicillin degrades, conventional detection technologies for it will not accurately reflect the actual situation. At present, the potential risks of degradation products of penicillin antibiotics in food safety have not been given sufficient attention both domestically and internationally. This article summarized the degradation processes of penicillin antibiotics under different conditions, summarized the specific applications of high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, immunoassay and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in the detection of degradation products of penicillin antibiotics. Additionally, this paper analyzed the applicability characteristics and limitations of these methods to raise awareness of food safety issues caused by degradation products of penicillin antibiotics and provide references for further research and development of related detection technologies.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucocorticoids (GCs) (betamethasone and dexamethasone) in livestock and poultry products with 3 kinds of different substrates by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by QuEChERS, filtered by 0.22 µm organic microporous membrane. The target analytes were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) pattern, using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. Results The calibration curve showed a good linear from concentration 0-100 μg/L and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.9994. The recoveries were from 79.3% to 105.8%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 1.4% and 9.4%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of betamethasone were 4.4-4.8 μg/kg and 14.6-15.9 μg/kg respectively. The LODs and LOQs of dexamethasone were 2.7-3.4 μg/kg and 8.9-11.2 μg/kg, respectively. Conclusion The method is suitable for the determination of glucocorticoid residues in livestock and poultry products with its high sensitivity and accuracy.

Objective To study and develop edible flower resources, evaluate their nutritional components and in vitro antioxidant activities. Methods The 6 kinds of edible flowers—Kanzan flower, loquat flowers, roses, chrysanthemums, jasmine flowers and honeysuckle—were selected as study subjects. The content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, total flavonoids, free amino acids, proteins, cyanidin and petunidin in the samples were measured. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were used to compare the antioxidant activity of different edible flowers. Results The chemical compositions of the 6 kinds of edible flowers showed significant differences. The free amino acid (11.18%) and protein (22.06%) content of Kanzan flower were significantly higher than those of the other 5 kinds of flowers. The polysaccharide content of the 6 kinds of flowers was concentrated around 4%. The highest polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were found in roses (9.42%-13.94%) and Guangxi honeysuckle (3.62%), respectively. Petunidin and cyanidin were detected in Kanzan flower, loquat flowers, and roses. Except for Pingyin roses, the petunidin and cyanidin contents in roses were generally higher than those in Kanzan flower and loquat flowers. Antioxidant experiments showed that roses exhibited strong scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and hydroxyl radicals. Correlation analysis indicated that polyphenols, petunidin and cyanidin in edible flowers were positively correlated with antioxidant activity, with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.72, while no significant correlation was observed between total flavonoid content and free radical scavenging rates. Principal component analysis and comprehensive scoring revealed that roses ranked highest among the 6 kinds of flowers. Conclusion Overall, roses possess higher nutritional value as a food ingredient compared to the other five edible flowers. The research provide a scientific basis for the selection of food materials and the development of new food products in the field of edible flowers.

Objective To establish a method for the rapid determination of 45 kinds of pesticides residues in Vitis vinifera by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The Vitis vinifera samples were first extracted with acetonitrile by vibration and ultra-sonic. Then the mix adsorbents were used in dispersive solid phase extraction to purify the extract. After high speed centrifugation and filtration, the samples were detected by GC-MS/MS using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, and LC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results Deltamethrin exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg, while captan showed linearity within the range of 0.2 to 3.0 mg/kg, 28 kinds of pesticides including metalaxyl showed good linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.04-1.00 mg/kg, and 15 kinds of pesticides including emamectin benzoate showed good linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg, with correlation coefficients reached 0.99 or above. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.00020-0.05000 mg/kg, the limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.00050-0.15000 mg/kg. The spiked recoveries at 3 levels of 45 kinds of pesticides were in range of 70.3%-117.0%, the relative standard deviations were in range of 0.01%-14.30%. Conclusion With features such as accuracy and easy operation, this method can be used to fast determination of 45 kinds of pesticides in Vitis vinifera without any special samples pretreatment apparatus, and also satisfies the requirement of pesticide routine analysis.

Objective To establish a method for rapid determination of 26 kinds of elements in liquor by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) adopting matrix matching. Methods Combining with kinetic energy discrimination (KED) and internal standard correction mode, the determination method of Cd, Sn, Ba, Pb, Li, B, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, Na, Se and Hg in liquor had been established though direct dilution injection, and compared with the standard test method. Results The results showed that the correlation coefficient of standard curve was 0.9990-0.9999, the limit of determination was 0.1-300.0 μg/L, the standard recovery rates were 94.5%-104.4%, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.1%-1.2%. The standard recovery rate was obviously better than that without matrix matching method. The performance parameters of the method met the requirements of GB 5009.295—2023 National food safety standards-General rules for verification of chemical analysis methods. Compared with the standard test method, it could effectively reduce the pre-treatment steps, shorten the pre-treatment time, and save consumables. The results of the 2 kinds of methods showed no significant difference. Conclusion The method is simple, fast, accurate, stable and reliable, and is suitable for the bulk detection of multielement in liquor. The method provides technical support for ensuring liquor quality and safety.

Objective To evaluate the edible safety of HuangqiSangyeYuzhu granules. Methods The edible safety of HuangqiSangyeYuzhu granules was comprehensively evaluated by acute oral toxicity test, 3 genotoxicity tests, and 28 d oral toxicity test. Results The results of acute oral toxicity test showed no abnormality in the test animals, and the maximum tolerated dose of HuangqiSangyeYuzhu granules was greater than 30.0 g/kg·BW, which was practically non-toxic substance. The results of bacterial reverse mutation test, mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test and spermatogonial chromosome aberration test were negative, indicating that the HuangqiSangyeYuzhu granules had no genotoxicity. During the 28 d oral toxicity test, the rats growed well, and no signs of toxicity were observed, and no adverse effects associated with HuangqiSangyeYuzhu Granules were seen in blood routine, blood biochemistry, and pathology indices, and the no observed adverse effect level was 10.0 g/kg·BW. Conclusion HuangqiSangyeYuzhu granules have edible safety within the dosage range of this experiment.

Objective To investigate the effects of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis on the sensory properties and metabolomics profiles of Dosidicus gigas viscera. Methods Three experimental groups were established: Autolytic group (B), exogenous enzymatic hydrolysis group (C) and ultrasound-assisted exogenous enzymatic hydrolysis group (U). Sensory evaluation, amino nitrogen content determination, and non-targeted metabolomics analysis were conducted to systematically compare the protein conversion efficiency under different hydrolysis strategies. Results Ultrasonic pretreatment significantly improved hydrolysis efficiency. The umami score and amino nitrogen content [(0.12±0.00) g/100 mL] of the hydrolysate in the ultrasound-assisted group (U) surpassed those of the conventional exogenous enzymatic group (C). Non-targeted metabolomics showed that the metabolites in the ultrasound-assisted exogenous enzymatic hydrolysis group (U) and the self-enzymatic hydrolysis group (B) were significantly different, and the number of differential metabolites was greater than that in the conventional exogenous enzymatic hydrolysis group (C). Primarily enriched in pathways related to plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis and ABC transporters. These findings indicated that ultrasound pretreatment enhanced enzymatic efficiency by altering protein conformation and metabolic networks. Conclusion Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis effectively improves the sensory characteristics of Dosidicus gigas viscera, promotes protein degradation and metabolite production, and enhances the high-value utilization and industrial production efficiency of Dosidicus gigas by-products. This study provides theoretical support and technical guidance for optimizing the processing of aquatic by-products.