To establish a method for determination of cyhalofop-butyl and its main metabolite cyhalofop acid residues in a variety of plant-derived foods by QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The acetonitrile contain 1% formic acid was used as the extraction solution, and the QuEChERS dispersion solid phase extraction method was used for purification. Electrospray ion source was used for mass spectrometry. Data were collected simultaneously under multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive and negative ion switching.

Under optimized conditions, the limit of quantitation of cyhalofop acid could reach 0.01 mg/kg, while that of cyhalofop-butyl could reach 0.02 mg/kg. The linear relationship between the 2 kinds of target substances and their mass concentrations ranges from 0.05 to 2.00 mg/L, with correlation coefficients (r²) all greater than 0.99. In 3 kinds of spiked levels of 10 kinds of plant-derived matrices including brown rice, wheat, soybeans, peanuts, apples, peaches, tomatoes, cucumbers, spinach and tea, the average recovery rate ranged from 68.7% to 106.7%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.6% to 14.3%.

This method features simple sample pretreatment. Its accuracy and precision meet the requirements for residue analysis. It can effectively eliminate interferences from complex matrices, satisfy the simultaneous confirmation and quantification of cyhalofop-butyl and its metabolite cyhalofop acid in plant-derived foods, and is suitable for routine monitoring and risk assessment of cyhalofop-butyl and its metabolite in large batches of plant-derived foods.

To develop an intelligent method for determining the storage time of chicken patties that balances prediction accuracy and model interpretability.

Cooked chicken patties stored at 4 °C were selected as the research object. Multi-dimensional quality data were collected across storage 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 d, including moisture-related properties, color difference, texture characteristics, electronic nose response signals and sensory evaluation scores. Principal component analysis was employed for data dimensionality reduction and visualization. A back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) classification model was then constructed to predict storage time.To enhance model transparency, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) framework was introduced to quantify the contribution of each input feature to the model’s predictive outcomes.

During storage, the moisture content of chicken patties decreased significantly (P<0.05), while water activity showed an upward trend. The lightness value (L^*)increased significantly and the redness value (a^*) decreased from –0.09 to –0.25. Texture properties exhibited an overall significant decline: hardness differed significantly among samples with different storage durations (P<0.05), and chewiness decreased by 59.62%. Sensory scores generally decreased with extended storage but showed limited discriminative power for samples from adjacent storage days. The BP-ANN model achieved an overall prediction accuracy of 0.985, a recall of 0.975, and a mean absolute error of 0.246 d. SHAP analysis revealed that the redness value(a^*), E-nose sensor signal S3 and adhesiveness were the 3 core features driving the model’s decisions.

The integration of the BP-ANN model and SHAP method not only enables accurate discrimination of chicken patties across different storage times but also elucidates the underlying decision-making logic. This approach provides a reliable and interpretable technical tool for shelf-life prediction and quality analysis of meat products.

To select a strain that effectively inhibits the growth of Aspergillus flavus.

Effective strains were screened using the streak plate method and the confrontation culture method of Aspergillus flavus. The species of the effective strain was determined through morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene analysis. The effect of the effective strain in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus flavus was verified through experiments of Aspergillus flavus infecting corn and peanut kernels. By using transcriptome sequencing technology, the fermentation broth of the effective strain G10 was co-cultured with Aspergillus flavus for different periods of time, in order to determine the interaction mechanism between the effective strain and Aspergillus flavus.

The strain G10 that inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus was selected. It was identified that the effective strain G10 had a 99.93% similarity in the 16S rRNA gene with Burkholderia stagnalis. It belonged to the Burkholderia stagnalis and was named Burkholderia stagnalis G10. The application experiments on infecting corn and peanut kernels had verified that strain G10 had a significant antagonistic effect against Aspergillus flavus. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes in strain G10 when co-cultured with Aspergillus flavus for 24 hours was 3341, among which 1830 genes showed up-regulation and 1511 genes showed down-regulation. The number of differentially expressed genes when co-cultured for 48 hours was 5334, among which 2429 genes showed up-regulation and 2905 genes showed down-regulation. Enrichment analysis revealed important gene ontology (GO) entries such as metabolic process, cell process, cell structure components, catalytic complex, etc., and important Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways such as carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, ribosome generation process, protein processing process, etc.

The selected effective strain G10 can effectively inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus, providing a reference for further research on the interaction mechanism between bacteria and Aspergillus flavus and the application of biocontrol bacteria.

To establish an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 25 kinds of elements in Apium graveolens powder using microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), and evaluate the practical application capability of the method through quality control assessment (test samples) conducted by the national food safety risk monitoring.

The samples were subjected to microwave digestion treatment and measured using the ICP-MS method in collision reaction cell mode, with matrix interference corrected by online internal standard. The linear range, limit of detection, precision and accuracy of the method were investigated. Utilizing the quality control assessment results of Pb, Cd, Hg and Ni from each participating laboratory, the proficiency was evaluated using the Z-score method.

The 25 kinds of elements exhibited good linear relationships within their respective concentration ranges, with r no less than 0.999. The limits of detection ranged from 0.0001 mg/kg to 0.4000 mg/kg, while the limits of quantitation spanned from 0.00029 mg/kg to 1.40000 mg/kg. For the Apium graveolens leaf reference material, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6 parallel measurements ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%, and all measured values fell within the uncertainty range. The assessment |Z| values for our laboratory were as follows: Pb: 2, Cd: 0.11, Hg: 0.86 and Ni: 0. All received satisfactory evaluations. Compared to other participating laboratories, our laboratory’s lead Z value was at the borderline, while the |Z| absolute values of cadmium, mercury and nickel were all less than 1, indicating excellent performance.

This method has high sensitivity, good accuracy and good reproducibility, and can meet the requirements of simultaneous determination of multiple elements in Apium graveolens and other substrates. The method has known limitations for the determination of aluminum, and it needs hydrofluoric acid assisted digestion to determine total aluminum. This method provides reliable technical support for food safety monitoring.

To investigate the regulatory mechanism of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in mice with radiation-induced oral mucositis, as well as its anti-inflammatory effect.

The experiment established a radiation-induced oral mucositis model in mice by irradiating their head and neck with X-rays. The levels of oxidative stress-related biochemical indicators and inflammatory-related cytokines in the mice’s serum were measured using kits. Subsequently, the messenger RNA(mRNA) and protein expressions in the mice’s oral tissues were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot methods.

Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 reduced the oral mucositis score in mice with radiation-induced oral mucositis. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 also increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of mice with radiation-induced oral mucositis and reduced the levels of NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further experiments showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 could up-regulate the mRNA expression of SOD1 (Cu/Zn-SOD), CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) and inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα) in the oral tissues of mice with radiation-induced oral mucositis and down-regulate the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), NF-κB subunit p65 (NF-κB p65), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-κB1 (NF-κB p50/p105). At the same time, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 also down-regulated the protein expression of NF-κB p65 in the oral tissues of mice with radiation-induced oral mucositis and up-regulated the protein expression of IκBα.

The experimental results confirmes that Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 has the effect of alleviating radiation-induced oral mucositis under laboratory conditions, and it is closely related to its regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

To investigate the influence of potato cultivar on the functional and physicochemical properties of proteins from starch processing wastewater.

This research utilized yellow-fleshed potato and purple-fleshed potato as raw materials. Proteins were derived from the starch processing wastewater using the alkali-soluble acid precipitation method, and their functional and physicochemical properties were determined and compared.

The results demonstrated that the solubility, foaming capacity, water holding capacity and emulsifying stability of the proteins from purple-fleshed potato starch wastewater (PP) (42.03%, 59%, 5.53 g/g, 15.77 min)were significantly higher than those of yellow-fleshed potatoes (YP) (35.58%, 24%, 3.74 g/g, 12.28 min) (P<0.01). The emulsifying activity of YP reached 14.71 m²/g, significantly higher than that of PP (8.65 m²/g) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in oil retention between PP and YP, which were 8.20 g/g and 8.42 g/g respectively (P>0.05). The average particle size of PP (511.66 nm±33.23 nm) was significantly smaller than that of YP (723.00 nm±39.84 nm)(P<0.05). The absolute value of the zeta potential of PP was 12.60 mV±1.22 mV, higher than that of YP(10.16 mV±0.21 mV). Amino acid composition analysis revealed that PP and YP exhibited similar amino acid profiles.Nevertheless, YP possessed significantly higher content of essential amino acids, nonessential amino acids and hydrophobic amino acids (83.323, 115.707 and 80.895 mg/g) compared with PP (70.954, 98.739 and 67.987 mg/g)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).

There are significant differences in the physicochemical, functional and nutritional properties between PP and YP, laying a data foundation for targeted resource utilization of wastewater proteins from various potato cultivars.

To investigate the current usage status of neonicotinoid pesticides in cold vegetable cultivation in Ningxia Region, and evaluate their residue levels and safety in vegetable samples.

Through investigation and understanding of the active ingredients, formulations and control targets of neonicotinoid pesticides, the current application status in cold vegetable cultivation was grasped. Vegetable samples were collected to detect neonicotinoid pesticide residues, and the detection rates, over-limit rates and distribution characteristics were analyzed.Combined with residents’ dietary intake, health risks were evaluated using the index of food safety method and the hazard risk coefficient model.

The investigation identified that the main active ingredients of the local used drugs from 2023 to 2025 were 5 kinds of single or mixed agents: imidacloprid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam and clothianidin. The detection results were highly consistent with the active ingredients of neonicotinoid pesticides actually in use. The detection of 5516 cold vegetable samples revealed an overall detection rate of 21.68% for neonicotinoid pesticides, with an over-standard rate of 0.13%. Thiamethoxam and acetamiprid exhibited relatively high detection rates. Detection rates varied among different of vegetables. The detection rate of solanaceous vegetables(32.15%) was the highest, followed by perennial and legume vegetables. The detection rates of sprout vegetables, edible fungi and onion garlic were relatively low. From 2023 to 2025, the detection rate and over-standard rate of neonicotinoid pesticides in Ningxia’s cold vegetables continued to decline. The detection rate in Yinchuan and Guyuan was higher than in the other 3 cities, and these rates were significantly higher in summer and autumn compared to spring and winter. The safety index of all detected neonicotinoid pesticides was less than 1, and the risk coefficient was less than 1.5, indicating a low risk to consumer health and acceptability.

The overall risk of nicotinoid pesticide residues in cold vegetables in Ningxia is relatively low. However, the detection rates of certain vegetables (such as solanaceous vegetables) and specific pesticides (such as thiamethoxam) are relatively high. Consequently, it remains essential to enhance guidance for farmers on the safe use of pesticides , thereby further mitigating the risk of pesticide residues.

To screen lactic acid bacteria from sauerkraut fermented with Wudalianchi natural mineral spring water, and to investigate their probiotic properties.

MRS-CaCO₃ agar medium was used for the primary screening of lactic acid bacteria from the samples. The growth curves of the isolated strains were plotted, and physiological, biochemical and molecular biological identifications were performed. Moreover, the probiotic properties including acid production, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance and bacteriostatic activity were analyzed.

A total of 6 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated and identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, Weissella hellenica and Weissella confusa, respectively. Growth curve analysis showed that 3 of the strains entered the logarithmic growth phase within 4 h and reached the stationary phase at 18–21 h. The evaluation results of probiotic properties indicated that strain 14-1, KQ15-1 (Lactococcus lactis)had the fastest acid production rate, while strain KQ19-1 (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus) exhibited the strongest acid production capacity with the final pH of 3.3. Strain KQ19-1 also showed the highest acid tolerance, with survival rates of 99%, 90% and 81% at pH 3.5, 3.0 and 2.5, respectively. In addition, strain KQ19-1 presented the highest bile salt tolerance with a survival rate of 97% under 0.3% bile salt concentration, whereas strain KQ10-1 (Leuconostoc mesenteroides) had the weakest bile salt tolerance with a survival rate of only 7%. All the 6 strains were sensitive to penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides without drug resistance. Notably, strain KQ19-1 exerted bacteriostatic activity against 3 kinds of pathogenic bacteria.

Strain KQ19‑1 screened in this study has the best probiotic characteristics. It can provide basic data for the exploration of probiotic resources from sauerkraut fermented with natural mineral spring water and the quality improvement of sauerkraut fermented with traditional method.

To explore the effects of classification methods on the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of Antarctic krill chitin.

Taking Antarctic krill chitin as the research object, the structure of Antarctic krill chitin was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, and its antioxidant activity was evaluated.

The source and classification of Antarctic krill meal affected the yield of chitin. It was found that in the infrared spectrum of chitin extracted from Antarctic krill meal B, C and E, the amide I band split into 2 separation peaks, while the amide II band appeared at 1558 cm^–1. The results of thermal stability analysis showed that the degradation of the extracted chitin structure could be divided into 3 stages. In the first stage, it was found that all of them would lose weight at a temperature below 100 ℃; in the second stage, the degradation started at 239 ℃, and the maximum loss occurred above 400 ℃; in the third stage, almost complete denaturation of chitin was observed at 550 ℃. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the X-ray diffraction spectrum of Antarctic krill chitin had 2 sharp peaks and 4 weak peaks, the main peaks (2θ) were around 9° and 19°, and the weak peaks were around 12°, 23° and 39°.

The results demonstrates that the antioxidant activity of Antarctic krill chitin with different sources and particle sizes is different, and the antioxidant activity shows a dose-dependent relationship. The research shows that Antarctic krill chitin and its derivatives have good functional characteristics, and it is expected that it will have a wider application fields and application prospect.