Objective To evaluate the pollution levels of five harmful heavy metals in different tissue parts and whole crabs of imported Cancer pagurus (common yellow crabs), clarify their distribution characteristics and food safety risks. Methods According to the national standard GB 5009.268—2016 National food safety standard-Determination of multielements in food, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and lead in 9 parts of Cancer pagurus liver, pancreas, crab roe, crab gills, crab body meat, crab leg meat and whole crab. The differences in heavy metal enrichment and exceedance in different parts were analyzed. Results Cadmium pollution was the most prominent, with the highest content in the liver and pancreas (up to 98.60 mg/kg) and a exceedance rate of 95.0%; arsenic was commonly detected but there was no clear limit standard, while mercury and lead only exceed the limit in inedible parts such as crab gills; the overall heavy metal content was cadmium>arsenic>mercury>lead>chromium, and the content of edible parts (crab body meat, crab leg meat) was significantly lower than that of non edible parts; the heavy metal content in whole crabs was significantly affected by highly polluted areas such as the liver and pancreas. Conclusion Imported Cancer pagurus pose a high risk of cadmium enrichment in suspected edible parts such as the liver, pancreas and gonads. It is necessary to improve the definition criteria for edible parts and establish a targeted risk assessment mechanism. It is recommended that consumers reduce their intake of highly contaminated parts. This study provides data support for optimizing the safety supervision strategy and dietary guidance of imported crustacean aquatic products.

Objective To establish a method for the rapid determination of total flavonoids in tartary buckwheat by cerium dioxide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/acetylene black (CeO₂/MWCNTs/AB) nano-electrochemical sensor. Methods The modified material and these nanoelectrochemical sensors were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of rutin on the electrode surface was systematically investigated via CV. Critical parameters were optimized, including electrolyte type, pH, modifier ratio, coating volume, accumulation time and scan rate. Results One pair of well- defined redox peaks were observed at the potential of 0.54 V and 0.57 V, which indicated that the electrochemical oxidation and reduction reaction of flavonoid was reversible. The experimental conditions were optimized, the results as follows: B-R solution with pH 2.0 as the electrolyte solution, V_CeO2/MWCNTs:V_{acetylene black} as 1:3, amounts of modified material, 12 μL, enrichment time as 9 min. At these conditions, the oxidation peak current of flavonoid linearly increased with its concentration, I_p=0.793C+3.508 (r²=0.998), and the limit of detection was 6.5×10^-8 mol/L. The developed method was used to determinate total flavonoids content of tartary buckwheat, the recoveries were in the range of 99.46%-102.15%, the results were superior to ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Conclusion The method is feasible for the rapid and accurate determination of total flavonoids in food with the advantages such as simple pretreatment time saving and convenience, low detection cost, high sensitivity and good accuracy.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of the migration of 14 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers in aqueous food simulants and chemical alternative solvents (95% ethanol aqueous solution and isooctane) by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The ultraviolet absorbers migrated into the aqueous food simulants were extracted twice with n-hexane by vortexing and shaking, and the combined extract was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and re-dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. The ultraviolet absorbers migrated into the chemical alternative solvents were evaporated to dryness and re-dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. A C₈ column was used for separation, with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase and gradient elution. Detection was performed using a ultraviolet detector at a wavelength of 300 nm. Results The limits of detection of 14 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers were as low as 0.008 mg/L, and the limits of quantitation were 0.020 mg/L. The correlation coefficients of the 14 kinds of target compounds were above 0.999 within the linear range of 0.20-5.0 mg/L. The 3 levels of ultraviolet absorbers (0.02, 0.05 and 0.50 mg/L) were added to the food simulants or chemical alternative solvents, and 6 replicate experiments were conducted. The results showed that the recovery rates of each compound at each level were within the range of 82.4%-108.0%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. Conclusion This method is accurate, efficient and simple, and can be used to simultaneously determine the migration amounts of 14 kinds of ultraviolet absorbers in aqueous simulants and chemical alternative solvents.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines residues, including diazepam, oxazepam, midazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, alprazolam and nitrazepam in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The sample was extracted by 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution containing 0.2% formic acid, purified by Waters PRIME HLB solid phase extraction column, concentrated by nitrogen blowing in water bath. The residue contents were separated by C₁₈ chromatographic column, eluted by 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol mobile phase systems, and analyzed by electrospray ion source in positive ion multi-reaction monitoring mode. The quantitative information was obtained by matrix-added calibration with external standard. Results The correlation coefficient of calibration curves of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines residues were above 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.064-0.226 μg/kg, the recovery rates of the method were 70.4%-107.0%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.1%-10.2%. Conclusion The method is rapid, simple and accurate, and it is suitable for the determination of benzodiazepine sedative drug residues in aquatic products.

Objective To prepare edible gelatin-corn starch bio-based composite film loaded with lactive Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9, and endow the film with antibacterial activity and excellent film properties. Methods Using gelatin and corn starch mixed film as substrate, the bacterial mud obtained by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 centrifugation was mixed into gelatin-corn starch mixture, and the living bacteria edible composite film was prepared by solution casting method. By measuring the characterization of the film and its antibacterial activity in vitro, the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 on the properties of gelatin-corn starch film were studied. Results The elongation at break of the gelatin-corn starch composite film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 increased by 35.51%, the moisture content decreased by 2.55%, and the water vapor permeability also decreased by 11.2%. This indicated that the ultraviolet barrier ability, water vapor permeability, elongation at break, and thermal stability of the film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 had all been improved. On the other hand, the addition of live bacteria gave the film antibacterial properties, and it had different degrees of inhibition on Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion In this study, gelatin-CXG9-corn starch antibacterial film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 is successfully prepared by using gelatin-corn starch as substrate, which reduces the burden of traditional packaging materials on the environment and opens up a new way for the development of food packaging field.

Objective To evaluate the levels of metal elements contamination in Morella ruba Lour. from different production areas in Wenzhou and establish a comprehensive evaluation system. Methods The 121 Morella ruba Lour. samples and 68 soil samples from Morella ruba Lour. planting sites in Wenzhou were studied. The pH of the soil and 6 kinds of metal elements indicators, including chromium, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, in both the soil and fruits were measured and analyzed. A fruit-soil correlation model (incorporating correlation analysis and principal component analysis of 13 parameters across 54 samples) was established. Results The qualification rate of Morella ruba Lour. samples was 94.21%, while the qualification rate of soil samples was only 39.71%; there was a varying degree of correlation between the metal elements content in Morella ruba Lour. fruits and soil, with a strong positive correlation between mercury in Morella ruba Lour. fruits and chromium and nickel in soil; principal component analysis identified chromium and cadmium in soil, as well as nickel, lead and arsenic in Morella ruba Lour., as the core indicators for evaluating the metal elements quality and safety of Morella ruba Lour.. Conclusion This study established a comprehensive evaluation system for metal elements quality safety in Morella ruba Lour., providing methodological references for regional agricultural product safety regulation.

Objective To investigate false positive interference from spices in hot pot base materials during the detection of thebaine using mass spectrometry, identify interfering matrix components, and optimize analytical methods. Methods The 62 kinds of commonly used spices in hot pot bases were collected. The false positive issues screened by BJS 201802 Determination method of morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine and thebaine in food were further analyzed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry combined with positive pressure electrospray ionization full mass spectrometry scanning. The potential interfering substances were locked through ion fragment analysis and verified. Results The results showed that the detection found interference peaks with retention times similar to those of thebaine in the extracts of bay leaves and pepper, which could lead to false positive results. The molecular weight of the interfering substance was 311.3812 ([M+H]+), with a deviation of less than 2 ppm from the theoretical value of thebaine (311.375), suggesting that it was an isomer. Through the detection of the suspected interfering substance, it was verified that Launobine and Pisatin had no interfering activity. Conclusion The alkaloid substances in spices have significant interference with the detection of thebaine. It is suggested to improve the specificity and accuracy of the detection by optimizing the mass spectrometry conditions, introducing nuclear magnetic resonance technology and perfecting the pretreatment process to avoid false positive misjudgment.

Tea is deeply loved by consumers for its unique aroma and health benefits, which is why tea quality and safety have garnered widespread attention. The quality and safety of tea involves the quality and safety of tea, as well as issues such as pesticide residues, heavy metals, harmful microorganisms, and fluorine. It is closely related to all aspects of tea cultivation, processing and storage. This paper started with tea-related standards and focuses on tea quality and safety issues such as pesticide residues, heavy metals, harmful microorganisms and fluoride, etc. It summarized the pretreatment of tea samples, normal detection technologies, rapid detecting methods, and relevant research progress. The aim is to provide a comprehensive knowledge framework for the tea industry, enhance quality and safety standards, and promote the sustainable development of the tea industry.

N-nitrosamines (NAs) are a class of strongly carcinogenic compounds with high contamination levels in aquatic products, posing significant risks to human health. Recent random inspections in China have revealed that excessive N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) content has become a major factor disqualifying processed aquatic products, seriously hindering the healthy development of the aquatic product processing industry. Therefore, elucidating the formation mechanisms and influencing factors of NAs in aquatic products, along with controlling their levels through processing technologies and multidisciplinary approaches, has become a key research focus. This review systematically examined various formation pathways of NAs in aquatic products, pretreatment methods, and analytical techniques compliant with national food safety standards. It further summarized comprehensive strategies for NAs control, including reduction of NAs precursor intake, blocking of NAs formation pathways, and decomposition of existing NAs. The paper aimed to address the excessive NAs levels in aquatic products, thereby ensuring the quality and safety of aquatic products and promoting sustainable development of the industry.

Food safety is crucial for national economic development and public health. With the development of science and technology, traditional detection methods is difficult to meet the supervision requirements of food safety in complex scenarios. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), with its high efficiency, high accuracy, powerful data processing capabilities, and precise identification and predictive analysis functions, has gradually been applied to research fields such as food flavor analysis, food safety risk assessment and early warning, and authenticity identification. The application of AI technology has improved the timeliness and reliability of food quality and safety testing, and has built a prevention and control system covering the entire industry for regulatory departments through intelligent decision-making assistance systems, becoming the core technical support for ensuring “safety on the tip of the tongue”. This paper mainly introduced the main algorithms of machine learning and deep learning algorithms, and reviewed the research progress of AI algorithms in food quality and safety. Additionally, it looks ahead to the existing problems and future research trends of the application of AI algorithms in food quality and safety. The aim is to offer references for further promoting the research and practice of AI technology in the field of food quality and safety, and to provide research ideas for the field of food quality and safety detection.