Objective To rapidly identify the chemical components in the peel of Wogam by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) in combination with various data analysis methods. Methods The samples were separated by Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD AQ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm) chromatographic column using solution A (0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile) and solution B (0.1% formic acid-water) as the mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. In the positive and negative ion mode, the electrical spray ion source was used to collect the signals of various chemical components in the peel of Wogam by means of one-step full scanning and two-stage ion scanning. Based on the high-resolution mass spectrometry data of traditional Chinese medicine components in the Trace Finder software and the screening network database of Compound Discoverer 3.2 software, the identification of chemical components were carried out by comparing the recognition of primary ions, major secondary ions, and other factors of the sample, as well as combining the possible cleavage pathways of the compound and consulting relevant literature reports. Through comprehensive analysis and judgment, the components were determined. Results Through literature review and comparison with high-resolution mass spectrometry data and databases, as well as compound analysis, a total of 52 compounds belonging to 11 categories were identified from the peel of Wogam, including 1 aldehyde, 5 organic acids, 2 alkaloids, 5 terpenes, 1 ketone, 7 phenylpropanoids, 2 coumarins, 1 nucleoside, 26 flavonoids, 1 anthraquinone, and 1 lignan. Conclusion The application of UPLC-QE-MS technology, combined with relevant databases and literature, enables the analysis of the chemical components of the peel of Wogam, providing a basis for the industrial development of Wogam peel.