Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of fasciolicides and its metabolite (nitroxinil, rafoxanide, closantel, triclabendazole and ketotriclabendazole) in raw milk by QuEChERS coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The raw milk samples was extracted with 3% triethylamine acetonitrile-ethyl acetate acetate solution (7:3, V:V), purified by C₁₈ adsorbent powder, and determined by UPLC-MS/MS with external standard method. The chromatographic separation was performed on an ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈ (2.1 mm×100 mm 1.8 μm) column with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile solution, and detected under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in the positive and negative electrospray ion modes. Results The results showed that a good linear relationship was obtained in the mass concentration range of 1 to 100 μg/L for fasciolicides and its metabolite, and the correlation coefficients (r) were all greater than 0.9988, the limits of detection were 2.5 μg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were 5 μg/kg. The average recoveries of 5 kinds of compounds at the concentration levels of 10, 20 and 100 μg/kg were between 86.0% and 108.2%, and the relative standard deviation ranged from 0.81% to 5.60%. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid accurate and reliable, and is suitable for the rapid determination of the residues of fasciolicides and its metabolite in raw milk.

Aroma is the core characteristic of the flavor quality of Prunus persica, composed of various volatile organic compounds, and its formation is comprehensively influenced by genetic background, cultivation management and post-harvest treatment. In recent years, studies have revealed the key roles of fatty acids, amino acids, terpenoids and esters as the main precursor substances in aroma synthesis, as well as the regulatory mechanism of ethylene on aroma formation. This article clarified the genetic basis of aroma synthesis, reviewed the research progress of aroma components and their biosynthetic pathways in Prunus persica, aiming to provide a the oretical basis for the quality evaluation and quality improvement of Prunus persica. However, at present, the complexity of the aroma synthesis pathway and the influence mechanism of environmental factors on it have not been fully clarified. Future research needs to further analyze the molecular mechanism of aroma synthesis and optimize cultivation and post-harvest processing techniques to enhance the aroma quality of Prunus persica.

As a worldwide medicinal and edible homologous plant, Allium sativum L. has the functions of antitumor, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and anti-pathogenic microorganisms. Studies have shown that many active ingredients in Allium sativum L. exert antitumor effects mainly by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, regulating signaling pathways to inhibit migration and invasion, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, and arresting cell cycle. At the same time, the Allium sativum L. active ingredient also enhances the antitumor effect of other drugs through its combination with other drugs. This article reviewed the research on the antitumor effect and mechanism of Allium sativum L. active ingredients in the past 30 years, as well as the effects of Allium sativum L. active ingredients in combination with other drugs, this provides an important theoretical basis and application reference for the study of the antitumor action mechanism of active ingredients in Allium sativum L. and the development of innovative drugs.

Objective To analyze the cause of a complex food poisoning incident using a combination of non-targeted and targeted methods based on mass spectrometry. Methods Suspected contaminated food and blood samples from the cases were collected. After sample preparation, a high-resolution mass spectrometry non-targeted method was used for toxin screening, and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry targeted detection method was applied for the quantitative analysis of xylazine in the samples. Results Xylazine was detected in both the suspected contaminated food (raw and fried venison) and the serum samples of 3 cases. The concentrations in raw and fried venison were 3.0 μg/kg and 395.9 μg/kg, while the concentrations in the cases’ serum were 47.0, 16.0 and 15.6 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion This incident is confirmed as xylazine poisoning caused by venison ingestion. First, through epidemiological investigation, the scope for identifying the cause of poisoning can be quickly determined. The non-targeted method provides accurate evidence for clinical treatment, aiding in the diagnosis and management of such events. At the same time, the targeted quantitative analysis of samples also provides a basis for the formulation of drug use standards in farmed animals in the future.

Objective To develope a co-microencapsulated probiotic-stachyose functional dairy product. Methods This research employed spray-drying technology using sodium alginate and stachyose as wall materials for probiotic encapsulation, with optimized parameters. The optimal yogurt formulation was determined through orthogonal experiments. Results The mass ratio of sodium alginate and stachyose was 3:1, the concentration of materials was 2.00%, and the spray drying was carried out at 140 ℃ and a feeding speed of 40%, the best embedding rate of the composite probiotics was achieved. Through orthogonal experiments, the yogurt formula was optimized to determine that the optimal combination was an addition rate of 0.08% for the starter culture, 3.00% for white granulated sugar, and 0.30% for stachyose. Under optimized conditions, the microencapsulation efficiency of probiotics reached optimal levels. Microscopic examination confirmed effective probiotic encapsulation, preventing thermal damage and improving stability. The final yogurt product demonstrated excellent color, taste, texture, and received outstanding sensory evaluations. Conclusion This study successfully developes a functional yogurt combining probiotic viability with superior sensory qualities, providing valuable technical insights for functional food innovation while meeting consumer demand for dairy products that balance health benefits with excellent taste.

Objective To establish an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 8 kinds of organophosphate ester flame retardants of major meat and cereal food products by QuEChERS purification technology coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Separation was achieved on a Agilent EC-C₁₈ column (3 mm×150 mm, 2.7 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile under gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Detection was performed in positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Results The 8 kinds of organophosphate ester flame retardants exhibited good separation and showed excellent linearity in the range of 1.0-50.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.99. The limits of detection and limits of quantitation were 1.0 μg/kg and 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of this method were 70.0%-119.6%, and the relative standard deviations were 0.2%-12.7%. Conclusion The established method is simple, rapid and highly efficient in extraction, and has been successfully applied to the analysis of organophosphate ester flame retardants in food samples (including cereals and meat products).

Objective Taking silicon dioxide fired from barley shells as the research object, to explore the potential application of its aqueous solution in efficient extraction of active functional components (flavonoids and polyphenols compounds) from plant materials represented by purple corn tea. Methods The silica aqueous solution was subjected to an acute oral toxicity test, and the mice were observed for 14 consecutive days, and the reactions, deaths and weight of the mice were recorded. Through the acute oral toxicity test, it was found that the acute oral toxicity median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of the test substance to female and male ICR mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg BW, which was actually non-toxic. Subsequently, this study took purple corn tea as an example, and based on the single factor experiment, adopted the response surface methodology and combined it with ultrasound-assisted extraction technology to systematically evaluate the effects of key factors such as solvent type, liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature and time on the extraction efficiency of flavonoids and polyphenols. Results A barley husk-derived silica aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 7000  mg/L was used as the extraction solvent. The optimal extraction conditions for flavonoids were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.04  (g/mL), an extraction temperature of 67  ℃, and an extraction time of 34.3  min. For polyphenols, the optimal extraction conditions were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.04  (g/mL), an extraction temperature of 50.7  ℃, and an extraction time of 61.6  min. Conclusion Compared with other solvents, the silica aqueous solution derived from barley husks exhibits superior extraction performance under the same conditions, demonstrating its preliminary feasibility for extracting flavonoids and polyphenols from purple corn tea and indicating its promising potential for further development and application.

Objective To explore the bacterial community composition and abundance, as well as inter-sample variations in species composition and community structure in commercially available peanut butter and sesame paste sold in Yunnan Province using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Methods A total of 160 samples encompassing best-selling peanut butter, sesame paste, and mixed spreads from Yunnan Province were subjected to 16S rRNA V4 region amplicon sequencing. Subsequent analyses included species composition profiling, abundance clustering, phylogenetic relationships, and diversity assessments. Results Characteristic sequence analysis revealed that sesame paste contained the highest number of characteristic sequences, followed by peanut butter, while mixed paste had the least. Bacterial community composition analysis indicated that these unique sequences predominantly belonged to the phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes. At the genus level, the top 35 identified genera included Listeria, Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Bacillus, Vibrio, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. α diversity analysis demonstrated significant differences in species diversity between peanut butter and sesame paste (P<0.05). Conclusion Distinct bacterial compositions are observed among peanut butter, sesame paste, and mixed spreads, with sesame paste exhibiting the highest species abundance. Among the top 35 identified genera, 12 are known to include pathogenic species, posing potential food safety risks. It is imperative for manufacturers and regulatory authorities to address these concerns to ensure consumer safety. This study provides a reference for food safety regulatory authorities and offered important data support for the establishment of microbiological safety standards for nut butter products.

Objective To develop for the determination of 16 kinds of rare earth elements in plant agricultural products by micro-open graphite digestion coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Methods Using the micro-open graphite digestion as the pretreatment method, the effects of acid digestion system, digestion time and matrix elements (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺) on rare earth elements were investigated. Results The results showed that adding HF to the HNO₃+HClO₄ mixed acid system facilitated complete digestion of samples and significantly improved the recovery of rare earth elements. When the concentration ratio of matrix elements to rare earth elements reached 4 orders of magnitude, there was no significant interference in the determination of rare earth elements. Under optimal conditions, the standard curves exhibited good linear relationships (r≥0.999) in the range of 0-50 μg/L, with the limits of detection was 0.001-0.006 mg/kg. The method was validated using national standard reference materials, and the determination results of each rare earth element were generally consistent with the reference values. The recoveries of spiked samples were 83.2%-110.3% and the relative standard deviations were 1.0%-10.4%. Conclusion The method features simple operation, strong anti-interference capability, and high accuracy, making it suitable for rapid determination of rare earth elements in batch plant agricultural products.

Objective To analyze the content characteristics of 5 kinds of heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Ca), total arsenic (As), total chromium (Cr), and total mercury (Hg) in Arachis hypogaea L. sold in Anhui Province, and to establish risk assessment of dietary exposure based on consumption data. Methods A total of 80 Arachis hypogaea L. samples were collected from 16 cities in Anhui Province. The content of Pb, Ca, As, Cr and Hg in Arachis hypogaea L. samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index were applied to evaluate the heavy metal pollution status in Arachis hypogaea L.. Combined with the consumption survey data on Arachis hypogaea L. consumption of residents in Anhui Province from 2015 to 2017, to analyze the exposure of various population groups in Anhui Province to heavy metals via Arachis hypogaea L. consumption, and the health effects were evaluated. Results Among the 80 Arachis hypogaea L. samples, the detection rates of Pb, Cd, As, Cr and Hg were 92.5%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 93.8% and 7.5%, respectively. Except for Cr, which had an over-limit rate of 5.0%, all other elements remained within the acceptable limits. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The single-factor pollution index of samples collected from Huainan City and Chuzhou City was greater than 0.7. Males aged 18-50 years had the highest Cr EDI [0.0622 μg/(kg·d), P_97.5=0.413 μg/(kg· d)]. The margin of exposure (MOE)/margin of safety (MOS) values of the 5 kinds of heavy metal elements in Arachis hypogaea L. were all greater than 1. The MOS value of the Cr element from 18-50 aged was lowed than 10, while the MOS values of Cd in were the lowest. Conclusion The detection rates of 5 kinds of heavy metals in Arachis hypogaea L. in Anhui Province are high, but the over-limit rates are low. Cr levels exceeds standards in certain localized areas, while Cd pollution indices varied across different sampling stages. The health risks from heavy metal exposure through Arachis hypogaea L. consumption are determined to be at acceptably low levels for local residents.