To address issues such as ventilation difficulties, deterioration of underground working environments, and increased ventilation energy consumption faced by complex high-resistance ventilation systems in ultra-deep mines, a study on quality improvement and consumption reduction of the ventilation system was conducted in Hongtoushan Copper-Zinc Mine. The research and application of complex low-resistance ventilation network construction, main fan setting optimization and remote intelligent frequency conversion control in ultra-deep mines with long strike were carried out by means of field investigation, calculation analysis and practical verification. After the implementation of the technical scheme of quality improvement and consumption reduction of the ventilation system, the ventilation resistance of the whole mine is reduced by 56.39%, the number of main fans is reduced from 4 to 2, and the deep air intake is increased by 36.1 m³/s. The ventilation energy consumption cost can be saved by 3.023 million yuan per year, and remarkable saving-energy and consumption-reducing effect has been achieved. The seven basic indicators of the ventilation system have been greatly improved, with an average increase of 20.43 percentage points, and the underground working environment has been significantly improved. The research results can provide a reference for the study on quality improvement and consumption reduction of ventilation systems in ultra-deep metal mines.

In order to solve the problem of high ore dilution rate and loss rate in the non-pillar sublevel caving method mining of Kizil-Tashtek copper-lead-zinc polymetallic mine, the flow characteristic parameters of ore-rock loose in the target ore section were measured by loose flow parameter test. Based on the ore drawing ellipsoid theory, the drift interval and ore drawing step distance were calculated. Through indoor ore drawing simulation test and on-site industrial test, the control variable method was used to study the drift interval and ore drawing step distance respectively. The stope parameters were optimized with the ore recovery difference as the evaluation index, and the optimal drift interval and ore drawing step distance were determined. The results show that when the drift interval and ore drawing step distance are 18 m and 3 m respectively, the ore drawing caving body and the ore drawing ellipsoid body are highly consistent, and the ore dilution rate and loss rate are reduced to about 12% and 15% respectively, which effectively solves the problem of high ore loss rate and dilution rate.

To solve the mining problem of orebody under the main transport roadway in the middle section of 790 m of a gold mine, an “Arch Bridge Method” mining scheme was put forward. The top pillar and interval pillar of the stope were simplified into a mechanical model, and the safety thickness of the top pillar under two constraints of fixed support and simple support was calculated as 7.09 m using the Reissner thick plate theory. The rationality of the “Arch Bridge Method” of 6 m width isolation interval pillar was verified using the Bieniawski pillar strength calculation formula. The “Arch Bridge Method” mining scheme with the interval pillar width of 6 m and the top pillar thickness of 6 m, 8 m, 10 m and 12 m respectively was designed. The FLAC3D numerical simulation software was used to simulate the influences of the width of the interval pillar and the thickness of the top pillar on the stability of the stope and the main transport roadway. The results show that based on the analysis of the stress field, displacement field, and plastic zone in the stope, the optimal thickness of top pillar for the “Arch Bridge Method” mining scheme is determined to be 10 meters. In the subsequent production practice, the loss rate, dilution rate and ore grade of the “Arch Bridge Method” mining scheme are similar to those of the upward horizontal layered filling mining method in the same stage. The production capacity of the stope is increased by 94.4%, and the transportation capacity of 900 t/d in the main transport roadway of 790 m is maintained, which provides a solution for the same mine problems.

In order to realize the safe and efficient mining of isolated pillars in metal mines transitioning from open-pit to underground mining, Mathews stability diagram method was used to calculate stope parameters. Combined with FLAC3D software, the influence of different mining methods on stope stability was analyzed. Upward drift filling mining method + construction of artificial false roof mining scheme was verified by field test. The results show that the hydraulic radius of the hanging wall of the designed stope is 1.64 m, and the maximum span of the roof without support is 3.5 m, both of which are within the safe range of theoretical calculation. The structural parameters of the stope meet the safety requirements. Under the mining method of skip mining, the maximum compressive stress and maximum tensile stress of the stope are less than the compressive strength and tensile strength of the rock mass, and the formed plastic zone does not penetrate the stope, indicating that the stope is in a stable state. In the field test, the production capacity of a single ore block reaches 100 t/d, the loss rate is 4%, and the dilution rate is 5% after the application of the mining scheme of the upward drift filling mining method + 1.5 m thick reinforced concrete artificial false roof and the mining method of skip mining. The number of ore blocks is stable and the economic benefit is good.

Roadway stability is the foundation of safe production in underground mines, and it is of great significance to study the dynamic damage effects of blasting vibration wave on roadway stability in underground mines. Taking the first subsection of a mine as the research object, aiming at the roof fall accident caused by the blasting vibration at the intersection of the footwall roadway and the approach due to the mining of the ore body during the mining process of the ore body of the non-pillar sublevel caving method, the FLAC3D dynamic analysis module was used to determine the reasonable position of the footwall roadway of the non-pillar sublevel caving method under the blasting load. The results show that the height of the section of the mine is 15 m, considering the vibration velocity, displacement and stress response of the roadway particles, the safe distance between the footwall connection roadway and the withdrawal position is 12 m. The engineering practice shows that the safety distance obtained by the study is obsolute deviation of only 0.7 m (<6%) with the reasonable safety distance of the footwall connection roadway in the mine site, which can provide solutions and technical support for the solution of similar problems in the mines.

Based on the theory of cylindrical charge blasting carter, on-site blasting carter test with variable depth and variable hole spacing were designed and carried out to determine the optimal burial depth and blasting hole spacing. The determined blasting parameters were applied to the coarse sandstone bench of a large open-pit mine in Inner Mongolia. The results indicate that the optimal burial depth range for the cylindrical charge is 1.10 m to 1.16 m, where the energy utilization rate of the charge is high and the volume of the blasting crater is large. The detonation of adjacent cylindrical charges will generate stress wave superposition effect, which gradually weakens and disappears with the increase of hole spacing. The optimal hole spacing is 1.28 m to 1.60 m. The field application results show that the overall shape of the blasting pile is gentle slope, the rock fragmentation is uniform, and the shoveling efficiency is high. Research has confirmed that conducting cylindrical charge blasting crater tests has a guiding significance for optimizing blasting hole network parameters.

In order to reduce the stripping transportation cost of open-pit mines and realize the efficient flow of stripping materials, the optimization design of open-pit mine road was studied. Firstly, the current situation of open-pit mine road optimization design was analyzed, and an open-pit mine road optimization design method based on truck fuel consumption law was proposed. The fuel consumption equivalent coefficient was introduced to reflect the fuel consumption of trucks under various slope conditions, which was convenient for accurate estimation of fuel consumption cost. Secondly, based on the measured fuel consumption data of trucks in an open-pit mine, the fuel consumption characteristics on heavy-haul uphill and no-load downhill for trucks under different slopes were quantitatively analyzed. Finally, according to the fuel consumption law of MT3700 truck, a design method of combined slope was explored by optimizing the slope and slope length of flat road section, and the optimization strategy of open-pit mine road was proposed. The results show that the truck transportation distance of open-pit mine should be controlled within 3.5 km as much as possible, and about 2 km is the best transportation distance. The fuel consumption generated after exceeding 3.5 km generally increases, and the growth rate is faster. The mine road design should reduce the height difference as much as possible and control the height difference within 160 m, among which the fuel consumption efficiency is the highest when the height difference is 80 m. The slope of the mine road is not sensitive to fuel consumption, so the overall slope of the mine transportation road can be appropriately increased to reduce the transportation distance to reduce fuel consumption.

To develop an environmentally friendly and economical coal gangue treatment scheme, and to achieve the goals of efficient resource utilization and environmental sustainability, the environmental problems caused by coal gangue in the Xinjie Taigemiao mining area were targeted. Through comparative analysis of various coal gangue treatment technologies, a reasonable method for gangue treatment was determined. A comprehensive filling technology scheme covering the key links of material preparation, transportation, filling and solidification was designed. The results show that the filling technology is selected as the preferred scheme for gangue treatment because of its environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. The high-level grouting technology is used as the preferred scheme for filling mining, and the gangue crushing storage, mixing, pumping system and pipeline system are designed. The technical system includes three processes of high-level grouting, adjacent grouting and low-level grouting, which are suitable for goafs with different conditions. The operation cost analysis shows that the proposed filling scheme is technically and economically feasible. The implementation of this scheme can significantly reduce surface subsidence, reduce environmental damage and improve the comprehensive utilization rate of resources. The scheme not only improves the safety production conditions of the mining area, but also promotes sustainable development and realizes the synergistic improvement between environmental governance and safety production.

Aiming at the problems of large ore depletion rate and serious surface subsidence in Shizhuyuan Polymetallic Mine by caving mining, it is proposed to use filling mining method. Physical and chemical properties test of tailings, static and dynamic flocculation and settlement test were carried out, combined with the actual production capacity of the mine, the optimum thickening parameters of tailings and thickener size were determined. The particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) was used to establish the sand discharge stability prediction model, and the optimum sand discharge process parameters were obtained. The results show that the optimum type of flocculant is CKYZ-24S, its optimum dosage is 30 g/t, the optimum feed mass concentration of the unclassified tailings is 12.5%, the optimum feeding rate of the tailings is 0.744 t/(m²h), and the diameter of the thickener is determined to be 12 m. The optimum sand discharge process parameters are as follows: the height of the tailings mud layer is 15.2 m, the thickening time is 3.9 h, the flow rate of sand discharge is 96 m³/h, and the average mass concentration of slurry is 70%, with fluctuation of ± 1.5%, which realizes 24 h continuous filling of tailings, and the filling capacity reaches 4 800 m³/d. The research results show that the filling mining method can improve the economic benefits and ensure the green and safe mining of the mine.

In order to study the influences of ultrasonic frequency, power and application time on the underflow mass concentration of unclassified tailings discharge, ultrasonic technology was introduced to explore the effect of ultrasonic coupled with mud layer on the underflow mass concentration and sand discharge of thickener. Firstly, the directivity of ultrasonic in unclassified tailings slurry was analyzed by MATLAB software, and the optimal frequency range of ultrasonic wave was selected. Then, the optimal frequency of ultrasonic was further determined by interpolation fitting method. Finally, the optimal frequency, power and application time of ultrasonic were calculated through the interaction of factors, and verified by support vector regression model. The results show that when the ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz, the propagation directivity in the thickener is better. Under suitable ultrasonic conditions, ultrasonic has a significant effect on increasing the final mass concentration of unclassified tailings slurry. The optimal operating conditions of the ultrasonic for flocculation settlement of the unclassified tailings are as follows: after the natural settlement of the unclassified tailings for 1 min, the ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 100 W.

In order to explore methods to accelerate the flocculation settling of fine tailings, ultrasonic technology was introduced during the flocculation settling of tailings. Non-contact sound fields and perturbation actions were applied to the tailings slurry medium to conduct tests on flocculation settling of fine tailings based on ultrasonic guidance. By analyzing the variation of height of solid-liquid of tailings slurry under the action of 28 kHz and 100 W ultrasonic transducers at different settling times, combined with the simulation of the internal flow field of the sand silo, the mechanism of flocculation settling of tailings slurry under ultrasonic guidance was revealed. The results show that compared with natural flocculation settling, ultrasound can significantly increase the settling height of the solid-liquid surface of tailings slurry, and small flocs tend to move upward at the solid-liquid interface and form large flocs in the upper water layer, providing an excessive flocculation environment for flocculation settling of subsequent tailings slurry. Ultrasonic guidance is not only beneficial for the flocculation settling efficiency in current environment, but also has potential advantages for continuous flocculation settling.

Aiming at the strength optimization problem of filling body in the newly delineated recoverable area of the security pillar of a gold mine, the determination and verification of the strength parameters of the filling body were systematically carried out. In view of the limitations of the traditional single method, a variety of analytical methods such as empirical formula calculation, elastic-plastic mechanics theory analysis and FLAC3D numerical simulation were innovatively used to focus on the regulation mechanism of different strength filling bodies on stope stability and rock strata movement. Finally, the optimal filling scheme considering both safety and economy was constructed. The results show that the reasonable maximum strength of filling body is in the range of 0.72−1.99 MPa through empirical formula and theoretical calculation. The improvement of the strength of the filling body can effectively control the horizontal deformation of the wellbore and the displacement of the rock strata around the stope. When the filling body strength of the upper upward drift filling mining method and the deep shallow-hole shrinkage subsequent filling mining method is set as 2.0 MPa, it can not only effectively control the rock strata movement in the mining area and ensure the stability of the stope, but also take into account the economic cost and achieve the balance between safety and economy.

Aiming at the slope stability challenges of open-pit of Kisanfu Copper-Cobalt Mine (KFM Copper-Cobalt Mine), the slope instability mechanism was studied by multi-method integration and an optimized evaluation model was established to ensure the safe mining and economic benefits of the mine. Based on the engineering geological characteristics of the mining area such as structural development, rock mass strength characteristics and hydrological conditions, a theoretical correlation model linking rock compressive strength with rock mass strength parameters was constructed. Then the failure mechanisms of open-pit mine slope was analyzed, and the calculation method for the most dangerous composite slip surface was optimized by the limit equilibrium method of slope stability. Finally, two typical geological sections were selected as case studies, the deformation and failure process of stope slopes were analyzed by numerical simulation technology. The results are concluded as follows. Firstly, when the tectonic effect is significant, the slope is prone to sliding failure along the inclined rock layer, while when the influence of tectonic effect is small, the main failure is circular arc failure. Secondly, numerical simulation reveals that the upper part of the slope in the mining area is mainly characterized by settlement deformation (69.9 mm and 36.3 mm), the local free surface appears horizontal deformation, and the slope foot area shows strain concentration. Thirdly, the stability coefficient of the stope slope, obtained through both the limit equilibrium method and numerical simulation analysis is between 1.400 and 2.278, which meets the safety reserve requirement of slope 1.20. The research results can provide a scientific basis for slope design and disaster prevention at the KFM Copper-Cobalt Mine, and ensure the safety production demand of mine.

Aiming at the difficulty of quantitative calculation of qualitative evaluation index of blasting safety in open-pit mine, a blasting safety evaluation model of open-pit mine based on combination weighting and interval approximation method was proposed to improve the accuracy of the evaluation results. Firstly, combined with the actual blasting engineering, 15 influencing factors were selected to construct a safety evaluation indicator system of open-pit mine blasting. Secondly, based on the idea of combination weighting, the subjective and objective weights calculated by the order relation analysis method (G1 method) and the improved indicator correlation weight determination method (improved CRITIC method) were coupled to obtain the comprehensive weight of the indicators. Then, based on the principle of interval approximation, the number of evaluation intervals of the indicators was determined, and the blasting safety level was comprehensively judged by calculating the deviation distance of a single indicator and the comprehensive deviation distance. Finally, taking 5 open-pit mine blasting cases in Hunan Province as the research object, the combination weighting and interval approximation method model was applied for comprehensive analysis. The results indicate that the blasting safety level of all five mines are "relatively safe", and the evaluation results are in line with the actual situation, verifying the applicability of the model in the blasting safety evaluation of open-pit mines.

In order to improve the reliability of rock mass quality evaluation in deep mines and overcome the controversial problem of index weight assignment in traditional evaluation models, five influencing factors were selected, with the help of moment estimation theory, a reasonable descending sequence of index weight was obtained, and the partial order set was introduced into rock mass quality classification. A comprehensive evaluation model of rock mass quality in underground mines based on moment estimation theory-partial order set was proposed. The model was tested with 12 typical rock samples as sample data and compared with the results of traditional evaluation models. The results show that the evaluation results of the model are completely consistent with the evaluation results of the matter-element extension model and the unascertained measure theory, and are completely consistent with the ranking results of the VIKOR model, indicating that it can accurately realize the rock mass quality classification and has good applicability in the rock mass quality evaluation under complex geological conditions. Finally, the model was applied to the evaluation of rock mass quality of a copper mine in Anhui Province. It is determined that marble belong to class Ⅱ rock mass, serpentinite and diorite porphyrite belong to class Ⅲ rock mass, and skarn belongs to class Ⅳ rock mass, which is consistent with the field investigation. Based on the results of rock mass quality classification, the support optimization scheme is proposed, and the optimized support scheme can effectively control the deformation of roadway and ensure the long-term stability of roadway.

Rockburst intensity prediction is a critical task in mine safety management. To improve prediction accuracy and practical applicability, a rockburst intensity prediction model named NRBO-BPNN that combined the Newton-Raphson Based Optimizer (NRBO) with a BP Neural Network (BPNN) was proposed. By integrating a gradient-guided search mechanism based on the Newton-Raphson method, the model effectively overcomes the problem that the traditional BPNN is easy to fall into the local optimal solution during the training process, and significantly improves the global search ability and convergence efficiency. Experimental comparisons demonstrated that the NRBO-BPNN model achieved an accuracy of 100% on the training set and 86.67% on the testing set. The total accuracy rate is 96%, and only four misjudgments occur. It is superior to common models such as traditional BPNN, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). Finally, a comprehensive system for predicting rockburst intensity was developed based on the proposed model and successfully applied to on-site data analysis of Maluping Mine and Dongguashan Copper Mine, verifying its engineering applicability and practical value. The research results indicate that NRBO-BPNN can provide more efficient and accurate decision support for mining engineering safety design, and has significant potential for engineering promotion.

In order to study the meso-mechanical properties and instability mechanism of concrete-granite composite under uniaxial compression, based on the particle flow, the uniaxial compression numerical tests under the coupling of different joint shapes and joint dip angles were carried out. The evolution characteristics of strength, deformation parameters and micro-crack propagation law of the composite were compared and analyzed. The energy evolution damage characteristics were revealed, and the instability index of the composite considering the energy form was proposed. The results show that the elastic modulus of the composite specimen gradually decreases first and then increases sharply, showing a “U” shape change characteristic, and the peak stress shows a “V” shape change characteristic that decreases first and then increases. With the increase of joint dip angle, the failure modes of the composite are divided into three types: tensile shear failure, oblique tensile failure and splitting shear failure. When the joint dip angle of the composite is 90°, the damage parameter D changes fastest, the damage characteristics of the composite are the most obvious, and the stability is the worst. Under different joint shapes, when the joint dip angles are 0°, 30°and 45°, the damage characteristics of the triangular joint shape sample are the most obvious. The average instability values of concrete-granite composite specimen under different working conditions have the same variation law, which gradually decreases with the increase of joint dip angle. Only when the trapezoidal joint dip angle is 60°−90°, the average instability value of the composite specimen increases slightly. The larger the joint dip angle is, the more likely the composite specimen is to instability. With the increase of the joint dip angle, the average instability value S of the trapezoidal joint composite specimen increases significantly, which can be used as a sensitive index to determine its stability. The research results can provide reference for the safe construction of tunnel (roadway) engineering.

The structural plane of rock mass plays a key role in geological engineering, and its shear behavior has an important influence on the stability of rock mass and engineering safety. In order to deeply understand the shear behavior characteristics of rock mass structural plane, PFC2D was used to analyze the mechanical behavior of regular structural plane, asymmetric structural plane and irregular structural plane with different roughness under different normal stress conditions. The results show that the shear failure modes of the specimens can be divided into four types: the structural plane sliding along the sawtooth surface, the structural plane slides along the sawtooth surface and the sawtooth tip is cut off, the failure surface penetrates from the sawtooth bottom to the other side of the sawtooth, and the sawtooth bottom is completely cut off. With the increase of normal stress and undulating angle, the failure mode gradually changes from the structural plane sliding along the edge of the sawtooth force side to the sliding along the whole serrated surface, and finally evolves into the complete shear of the sawtooth bottom. The shear strength of the structural plane increases approximately linearly with the increase of normal stress and undulating angle. In the initial stage, the shear stress of the irregular structural plane increases approximately linearly with the increase of the shear displacement, and the normal stress has almost no correlation with the joint roughness.

Recognizing the geometric characteristics of pores and fractures distribution in coal rocks is essential for controlling the directional expansion of these features and improving the permeability of coal composite reservoirs. The evolution of pores and fractures geometry in coal rocks under cyclic temperature impacts was investigated. Cyclic temperature experiments were conducted at high temperature(200 ℃)and low temperature(－196 ℃)for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 times of temperature cycles. Anthracite and sandstone specimens were subjected to these cycles, and ultrasonic velocity measurements alongside industrial CT scanning were used to analyze changes in ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and the equivalent diameters, openings, and tilting angles of pores and fractures. The influence of temperature impact on the geometric distribution characteristics of pores and fractures was explained. The results are concluded as follows. (1) The largest decrease in longitudinal wave speed for anthracite occurs after the first temperature cycle, with a relative attenuation rate of 31.26%, while the largest decrease for sandstone occurs after the fifth cycle with a relative attenuation rate of 20.86%. The wave speed for both materials continued to decline with increasing cycles. (2) There is a linear correlation between the openness of coal rock pores and their equivalent diameters. Overall porosity increases logarithmically with the number of temperature cycles. Anthracite is more sensitive to temperature changes compared to sandstone during the cyclic impacts. (3) Porosity increases logarithmically with the number of temperature cycles, reaching a maximum of 93.31% for anthracite and 20.97% for sandstone after the 1st and 5th cycles, respectively. (4) The inclination range of primary fractures in anthracite is wide, whereas in sandstone, it is narrowly concentrated around 0°. With increasing cycles, the fracture inclination angle in anthracite decreases logarithmically, while in sandstone, it increases following an exponential decay pattern.

In order to reveal the hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of groundwater under different buried depths in Huibaoling Iron Mine area, and analyze the recharge source of deep fault water, a total of 37 groundwater samples were collected from the fissure water of the Liguan Formation-Tongjiazhuang Formation, the karst fissure water of the Erqingshan Formation, the metamorphic rock fissure water and the fault water. The characteristics and genesises of groundwater hydrochemical components and the recharge source of fault water in this area were discussed by statistical analysis, Piper three-line diagram, Gibbs diagram and ion combination ratio method. The results show that the TDS of groundwater in each layer increases significantly with the increase of buried depth, and the dominant anions and cations gradually evolves from and Ca²⁺ to , Cl^－ and Na⁺. Because the hydrochemical components of each groundwater show obvious zoning in Piper three-line diagram and Gissb diagram, it can be seen that the hydraulic connection between each aquifer is poor. The formation of hydrochemical components of Liguan water and Erqingshan water is mainly controlled by rock weathering, and the ion components are mainly derived from the dissolution of carbonate, sulfate minerals and salt rocks. Metamorphic rock water is controlled by evaporation and concentration. Na⁺ and K⁺ are derived from the dissolution of silicate minerals and the alternating adsorption of cations. Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and are mainly derived from the dissolution of carbonate and sulfate and the oxidation of pyrite. The fault water is affected by both rock weathering and evaporation and concentration, and its main recharge sources are Liguan water and Erqingshan water, the prevention and control measures of water disaster should be put forward with emphasis on this source. The research results can provide reference for mine water disaster prevention and control.

In order to accelerate the consolidation of tailings slurry, the influence mechanism of vacuum preloading method based on different drainage channels (sand drains and drainage boards) on the consolidation of bauxite slime was explored. The macroscopic characteristics were analyzed by vane shear tests and consolidation tests. Combined with nuclear magnetic resonance tests, the evolution law of microscopic pore characteristics was revealed. The results show that the moisture content of the slime decreases from 1 80% to 47.88%, the shear strength increases to 26.8 kPa, and the compression modulus reaches 15.5 MPa. The consolidation effect of sand drain is better than that of drainage board, which is mainly due to the fact that sand drain can continuously ensure the transmission of vacuum degree in the process of slime reinforcement. In addition, the pore water in the slime formed after consolidation of different drainage channels has the same distribution laws. The research results can provide theoretical support for accelerating the rapid settlement of tailings slurry.

In order to improve the operation efficiency of bioretention facilities and expand the resource utilization of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings, vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings were used as the substrate modifier of bioretention facilities to explore the feasibility and decontamination effect of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings substrate to improve the bioretention facilities. The results show that the leaching toxicity of main heavy metal ions (Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu) in vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings is lower than the standard limit. The adsorption of TP, NH₃ and by vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings substrate to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption process of TP and NH₃ is dominated by chemical adsorption, which is controlled by liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion, while the adsorption process of is dominated by physical adsorption. The removal rates of TP, NH₃ and by vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings substrate are 97.2%, 91.4% and 70.5%, respectively. The average effluent concentration meets the Class Ⅱ, Class Ⅳ and Class V water standards respectively in the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002).

To effectively study the characteristics of potential dangers in non-coal mines in Sichuan Province and strengthen safety management, statistical analysis on potential danger data from 188 non-coal mines was conducted. The results show that the proportion of general potential dangers and major potential dangers is 91.2% and 8.8%, respectively and the largest proportion of major potential dangers is in underground mines(49.0%). The number of major hazards in on-site management is about 1.3 times that of major hazards in basic management. The major potential dangers are concentrated in five aspects of drawing management, organizational construction, slope management, electromechanical transportation, and flood drainage systems. It is recommended that mining enterprises should increase investment in safety funds, standardize data management, strengthen on-site high-risk point control, and allocate professional personnel. At the same time, it is suggested that safety supervision and management departments should focus on key points, innovate regulatory models, rely on technology and expert support, and enhance regulatory efficiency.

Aiming at the problem of synchronous control of each segmented motor in the multi-point segmented combined drive system with continuous lifting of large capacity in deep shaft, based on the traditional deviation coupling control method, an improved deviation coupling control strategy was proposed using the double closed-loop control of speed and torque. The numerical model of synchronous control of six-motor segmented combined drive continuous lifting system was built, and the synchronous tracking performance of traditional deviation coupling control and improved deviation coupling control under different starting load torque and steady-state load disturbance of segmented combined drive system with continuous lifting was compared and analyzed. The results show that compared with the traditional deviation coupling control system, the improved deviation coupling control strategy can effectively solve the problem of asynchronous speed in the start-up process of the multi-point segmented combined drive system with continuous lifting of large capacity in deep shaft. At the same time, the synchronous tracking performance and dynamic response performance of the system in the start-up stage and under steady-state disturbance are improved, and the feasibility of the application of the improved deviation coupling control in the multi-point segmented combined drive synchronous control system with continuous lifting is verified.

A fusion positioning method based on UWB (Ultra Wideband) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) was proposed to address the issues of low positioning accuracy and poor real-time performance of underground inspection robots in mines due to environmental influences. Firstly, the UWB ranging module was used to measure the distance between the inspection robot and the UWB base station. Secondly, a GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) neural network model was constructed, and the UWB measurement distance and real distance were input into the neural network model for training, resulting in a GRU correction model. Then, the GRU neural network was used to correct the model for the measured distance, suppressing NLOS (Non-Line of Sight) distance errors in complex environments and obtaining more accurate distances than before. Finally, the corrected distance information was combined with the data provided by the IMU through ESKF (Error State Kalman Filter) to construct the error state equation and measurement equation, respectively, to evolve and update the system's error state and calculate more accurate position coordinates. The experimental results show that under three different NLOS environments, the corrected static experimental positioning accuracy is improved by 6.09%, 16.56% and 18.89% respectively, and the positioning accuracy in the composite scene is improved by 11.36% compared to before. In the dynamic experiment, the corrected average positioning accuracy is improved by 11.10% compared to before. By correcting the pseudo range measured under non line of sight, the impact of non line of sight can be reduced and the positioning accuracy can be improved.

Aiming at the problems of deformation of object motion, trajectory drift, and tracking loss, which lead to large errors in belt conveyor speed measurement, a method based on fusion improvement of YOLOv7-tiny and ByteTrack tracking was proposed for belt conveyor speed measurement. Firstly, the improved YOLOv7-tiny object detection algorithm was used as a detector to achieve accurate positioning of objects in images. Secondly, a secondary data association strategy was applied to strengthen the association matching of low-score confidence, while a Kalman algorithm with introduced confidence was used to make the predicted trajectory tend to the detector results, so as to improve the stability of object tracking trajectory on the belt conveyor. Finally, the camera calibration method was simplified using the image coordinates between the belt conveyor's two support rods and the distance between the support rods, and the belt conveyor speed measurement model was established to realize the speed estimation of the belt conveyor. The test results show that the MAE and MSE indicators of the proposed method have been reduced by 0.037 m/s and 0.022 m/s, respectively, effectively reducing the speed measurement error of the belt conveyor.

In response to the problems of pipeline vibration and noise caused by long-distance and large-height-difference transportation of filling industrial pumps, the relationship among pressure drop, pipe diameter, and flow velocity during slurry transportation was studied through filling slurry loop pipeline transportation tests. Based on tests data, a load model for filling industrial pumps and pipeline transportation was established in AMEsim, and the mechanism of the pre-pressure buffer device was studied on this basis. The research results indicate that the resistance loss along the pipeline is positively correlated with flow velocity and negatively correlated with pipe diameter. As the length of the pipeline increases, the peak pressure at the outlet of the pipeline increases linearly, but the rate of change in pressure pulsation decreases. The peak pressure at the outlet of the pipeline is approximately inversely proportional to the square of the pipe diameter. The pre-pressure buffer tank can significantly reduce the pressure pulsation of the filling pipeline. When the ratio of the pre-pressure buffer tank volume to the conveying cylinder volume is 0.45 to 0.55, the vibration reduction effect and economy are both good. The industrial test results on the vibration reduction of the pre-pressure buffer tank show that adding a 60 L pre-pressure buffer tank at the outlet of an 80 m³/h filling pump reduced pressure pulsation to 60% of its original level and reduced pipeline vibration noise by 14 dB, achieving good vibration reduction and noise reduction effects.

The taper valve is easy to wear during the working process of the taper valve filling pump. In view of the problem, using the Navier-Stokes equation,k-ε turbulence model and the erosion wear model of valve gap two-phase flow, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, a total of 13 groups of valve gap flow field calculation models with different taper angles from 30°to 90°were established. The valve gap flow field velocity and erosion wear characteristics of taper valve with different taper angles were studied. The effects of slurry mass fraction, particle size and taper angle on the wear of taper valve gap were analyzed. The results show that the maximum flow velocity of the taper valve gap flow field is 8.28 m/s, which appears near the bottom angle of the taper valve and the valve gap. The maximum flow velocity of the taper valve flow field decreases with the increase of the taper angle. When the taper angle increases from 30° to 90°, the maximum flow velocity decreases from 28.698 m/s to 6.766 m/s, with a decreasing rate of 76.42%. The wear of the taper valve by the tailings particles mainly occurs at the edge of the end face of the taper valve disc. The erosion wear area is discretely distributed at the edge of the valve disc, and the maximum erosion rate is 9.4×10^－4 kg/(m²·s). The erosion wear is concentrated at the edge of the end face of the valve disc, and the maximum erosion rate is 1.83×10³ kg/(m²·s). The maximum erosion wear rate is negatively correlated with slurry mass fraction, particle size and taper valve angle. The maximum abrasion wear rate is positively correlated with the slurry mass fraction and particle size, and negatively correlated with the taper angle. The industrial verification shows that the selection of 60° as the design angle of the taper valve can effectively increase the service life of the taper valve and improve the stability of the taper valve filling pump.

A multi-dimensional expansion lightweight model MD-YOLO based on YOLOv9 model was proposed to address the issues of low detection accuracy, missed detection and false detection of personnel wearing safety helmets in complex mining environments. To solve the problems of low image clarity and dust obstruction, the original feature extraction module was improved by introducing a multi-dimensional expansion module, which enabled the model to obtain a larger receptive field when detecting safety helmets and enhanced the ability to capture global features. To address the missed detection of small and density targets, a dynamic detection head (PD Dyhead) with attention mechanism was constructed, which enhanced the feature extraction ability of the model from three aspects of scale, space and task perception. The use of exponential moving average sample weighted loss function (EMA SledeLoss) improved the shortcomings of YOLOv9 model in dealing with sample imbalance problems. The experimental results show that compared with the YOLOv9 model, the detection accuracy of the MD-YOLO model reaches 92.5%, with an increase of 2.8 percentage points. The parameter quantity decreases by 26.6%, and has a 27.0% increase in detection speed. The MD-YOLO model can effectively monitor the wearing of safety helmets in various complex environments, with the best comprehensive performance.

In order to deeply understand the influence mechanism of pyrite oxidation products and residual CN^－ on the adsorption of lead-containing particles on pyrite surface, the structure and composition changes of pyrite surface in the presence of oxidation and hydrocyanide were analyzed by constructing pyrite with different oxidation degrees, supplemented by solution chemical calculation, surface product quantity and quality and electrochemical characteristics analysis, as well as Zeta potential measurement. The adsorption amount of lead-containing particles was detected, and the inhibition or synergistic effect of Fe(Ⅲ)-O/OH and CN^－ on lead adsorption behavior was clarified. The results show that the primary driving force for the physical adsorption of lead on the pyrite surface is the electrostatic attraction between positively charged lead-containing ions and negatively charged ions on the pyrite surface.Fe(Ⅲ)-O/OH reduces the amount of negative charge by increasing the positive charge on the pyrite surface, and thereby decreasing the electrostatic driving force for lead adsorption. However, CN^－ can chemically react with Fe(Ⅲ)-O/OH to form Fe(CN)₃, which is removed from the surface, ultimately increasing the electrostatic adsorption force between positively charged lead-containing ions and oxidized pyrite. The research results further reveal the influence mechanism of Fe(Ⅲ)-O/OH and CN^－ on lead adsorption, which provides a new theoretical basis for the efficient recovery of gold from low-grade gold-bearing pyrite and the treatment of lead and cyanide pollution.

A complex porphyry copper-sulfur raw ore contains 0.45% copper and 3.61% sulfur, with high development and utilization value. Research on process mineralogy shows that the ore has diverse structures, multiple types of copper minerals, easy mudification of gangue minerals, and uneven distribution of target mineral particle sizes, which makes it difficult to efficiently recover copper and sulfur. Based on mineralogical research, a flotation process flow with rough grinding of raw ore, copper-sulfur mixed flotation, fine grinding of coarse concentrate, and copper-sulfur separation was developed. At the same time, copper collectors GTB1 and GTB3 with good selectivity were used for tests. In a small-scale closed-circuit test, a copper concentrate with a copper grade of 25.145% and a copper recovery rate of 90.90% is obtained, as well as a sulfur concentrate with a sulfur content of 42.51% and a sulfur recovery rate of 66.24%.

In order to explore the feasibility of the application of cooking waste oil in the separation of difficult floated coal slime, －0.5 mm coal particles were used as the research object, and the coal samples were wetted with different media. The settling test was carried out in the waste oil-water two-phase system, and the settling behavior of coal particles in oil, water and oil-water mixed interface was observed and recorded. The settling velocity of coal particles when reaching the oil-water mixed interface was determined by image processing software. Through the final settling results and force analysis of coal particles, the conditions for the settling and separation of coal particles in waste oil and water were clarified. The effects of ash content, particle size and wetting of different media on the settling and separation of coal particles at the oil-water interface were systematically studied. The test results show that the settling and separation results of coal particles at the oil-water interface are positively correlated with the square of coal particle size and density, and negatively correlated with the dynamic equilibrium force at the oil-water interface. The coal particles treated by water wetting show different settling states, while the coal particles treated by oil wetting and unwetting (drying) are suspended on the oil-water mixed interface. Water wetting treatment can make the surface of coal particles adhere to water, reduce the dynamic equilibrium force between coal particles and oil-water interface, and realize particle settling and effective separation. In addition, the conditions of settling separation of coal particles in waste oil-water system were further verified by replacing waste oil. The research results provide new ideas and theoretical support for the application of waste oil in the efficient separation of coal slime.

In order to further implement the People's Republic of China (PRC) Mineral Resources Law on promoting the rational development and utilization of mineral resources, under the guidance of important top-level design such as the research field of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and the current Standard System of Natural Resources, the research on the construction of comprehensive utilization standard system of mineral resources in China was carried out using logic and system thinking. The standard system is a scientific and organic whole formed by the standards within a certain range according to their internal relations. Relying on the theory and method of natural resource standardization, under the support of the existing research results of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, and within the framework of standardized administrative and technical logic in the field of mineral resources, the basic standardization, reserve management standardization, planning management standardization and result data management standardization of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources were carried out in a targeted manner. Following the construction principles of the standard system, China's Mineral Resources was constructed from three dimensions: foundation use, category use and subcategory use. Relying on this standard system, through the analysis and research, the problems existing in the standardization research of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources in China were put forward, and the key directions and shortcomings to be filled in the next standardization work were given to further lead the overall research work of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources in China.