Recognizing the geometric characteristics of pores and fractures distribution in coal rocks is essential for controlling the directional expansion of these features and improving the permeability of coal composite reservoirs. The evolution of pores and fractures geometry in coal rocks under cyclic temperature impacts was investigated. Cyclic temperature experiments were conducted at high temperature(200 ℃)and low temperature(－196 ℃)for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 times of temperature cycles. Anthracite and sandstone specimens were subjected to these cycles, and ultrasonic velocity measurements alongside industrial CT scanning were used to analyze changes in ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and the equivalent diameters, openings, and tilting angles of pores and fractures. The influence of temperature impact on the geometric distribution characteristics of pores and fractures was explained. The results are concluded as follows. (1) The largest decrease in longitudinal wave speed for anthracite occurs after the first temperature cycle, with a relative attenuation rate of 31.26%, while the largest decrease for sandstone occurs after the fifth cycle with a relative attenuation rate of 20.86%. The wave speed for both materials continued to decline with increasing cycles. (2) There is a linear correlation between the openness of coal rock pores and their equivalent diameters. Overall porosity increases logarithmically with the number of temperature cycles. Anthracite is more sensitive to temperature changes compared to sandstone during the cyclic impacts. (3) Porosity increases logarithmically with the number of temperature cycles, reaching a maximum of 93.31% for anthracite and 20.97% for sandstone after the 1st and 5th cycles, respectively. (4) The inclination range of primary fractures in anthracite is wide, whereas in sandstone, it is narrowly concentrated around 0°. With increasing cycles, the fracture inclination angle in anthracite decreases logarithmically, while in sandstone, it increases following an exponential decay pattern.