The 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey was the first large-scale survey conducted since entering the 14th Five-Year Plan. It adopted, optimized and perfect the assessment of civic scientific literacy indicators in the new era. Data was collected through a combination of offline and online surveys to monitor the development of Chinese citizens' scientific literacy systematically. The survey results showed that by 2022, the level of Chinese citizens with scientific literacy had reached 12.93%. The level of citizens' scientific literacy has been rapidly improved, and they were moving smoothly toward the goal of the 14th Five-Year Plan. The development of citizens' scientific literacy in different regions showed characteristics matching with their economic and social development. Compared with 2020, while the level of scientific literacy of various groups is rapidly improving, the growth rate of scientific literacy of rural residents was relatively large, the level of scientific literacy of female citizens was rising rapidly, the gender gap is significantly reduced, the level of scientific literacy of middle and low educational groups were significantly improved, and the development of scientific literacy level of various groups was more balanced. Television and the Internet were the main channels for Chinese citizens to obtain scientific and technological information, and the Internet had become the preferred channel. Chinese citizens had a more rational view of science and technology, and continue to maintain a high level of attention and support for technological innovation. The level of scientific literacy of Chinese citizens was improving rapidly, but the overall level was still low, and the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development was still prominent. Through the comprehensive presentation and systematic analysis of the survey results, it provided strong data support and decision-making reference for promoting high-quality development, formulating relevant strategies and policies for science popularization and science quality construction in a targeted manner, and promoting the long-term balanced development of science quality of the whole people.

Through analyzing the scientific literacy and attitude towards science of the teacher sample in the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey, it was found that the scientific literacy level of the teacher group is significantly higher than that of ordinary citizens, with scores generally higher in dimensions such as scientific knowledge, scientific methods, scientific thinking and spirit, and the ability of applied science than ordinary citizens; the scientific literacy level of teachers with different educational background, teaching period and subject categories are comparatively different, with higher level of scientific literacy in the teachers with bachelor's degree or above, teachers in colleges and universities and natural science teachers. The teacher group has a positive scientific attitude and is infinitely interested in scientific and technological information, mainly through the Internet, television, books and journals to obtain scientific information. Based on this analysis, the following suggestions are given：attaching great importance to the promotion of teachers' scientific literacy; constructing a systematic system for building teachers' scientific literacy and create effective paths for the improvement and development of the teachers' scientific literacy; focusing on the improvement of scientific literacy of teachers in primary school and kindergarten; emphasizing the improvement of scientific literacy of teachers in central and western regions; strengthening the research on teachers' scientific quality, conducting in-depth research on the key factors affecting the improvement of teachers' scientific literacy, promoting the improvement of teachers' scientific literacy and so on.

The Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed to build an "agricultural power", and farmers, as the main group of people in the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, should play the main responsibility. Since the 13th Five-Year Plan, the scientific literacy of farmers in China has achieved remarkable results, and the scientific literacy level reached 6.67% in 2022. Farmers show strong ability in scientific production and management, but there are still certain problems in constructing scientific literacy. Based on the data of the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey, there are 4 problems in farmers' scientific literacy：the gap between the level of scientific quality of farmers and the national level has increased, the proportion of low-age farmers with scientific literacy is low, the frequency of visits science museums is less in farmers, and farmers have less interest in science and technology information. All the situations differed strongly from the other key groups. Farmers' scientific literacy is influenced by their own characteristics and economic, cultural and social construction factors. Therefore, it is recommended to improve rural science popularization in terms of the construction of science popularization mechanisms, the construction of grassroots science popularization facilities and the construction of vocational training system in the future. Government should strengthen the construction of rural science and culture education, fully utilize the resources of both online and offline platforms, enrich the form and content of science popularization products, enhance the gold content and popularity of farmers' vocational skills training system, and help farmers' scientific quality level to further improve in the new era.

The high-quality workers are the human capital which enables the rapid transformation of scientific and technological achievements. To understand the current scientific literacy of industrial workers of China, this study relied on the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey to analyze the scientific literacy and related factors of industrial workers. The results showed that the scientific literacy of industrial workers was higher than the overall national level, and there were differences between urban and rural areas. The scientific literacy increased sharply with the improvement of education and decreased with age; Industrial workers have a basic positive interest and attitude towards science and technology. The workers with high scientific literacy had a more positive attitude to support science and technology, a higher internal motivation to obtain scientific and technological information, and a more proactive search behavior to obtain scientific and technological information by the Internet. To enhance the scientific literacy of industrial workers, it was recommended to tilt the allocation of high-quality and diversified educational resources to solve the problem of imbalanced science literacy; to promote comprehensively vocational skills training, with a focus on competition to promote skill-learning; to promote the construction of scientific literacy through smart scientific popularization, and to advance science popularization and industrial information go hand in hand.

As a key population group in the construction of public science literacy, the level of scientific literacy of the elderly has been in a state of low level and low growth for a long time. Meanwhile, it is affected by multiple factors such as gender, urban and rural areas, education level, access to scientific and technological information, interest, needs and attitudes towards science and technology. Based on the data of the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey, this paper describes the current situation and characteristics of scientific literacy of the elderly in China, analyzes the characteristics of the scientific literacy development of the elderly in different regions and different classification groups, and holds that the foundation of scientific literacy of elderly people is weak. There are differences in education level, gender, and urban-rural distribution among elderly people with different levels of scientific literacy, and their grasp of relevant dimensions of scientific literacy is also different. Traditional media such as television are the main channels for the elderly to obtain scientific and technological information, and the elderly's support for science and technology and utilization rate of various science venues are lower than that of all citizens. Social participation is also an important factor to improve the scientific literacy of the elderly. Based on this, we should pay attention to raising the scientific literacy of the elderly by focusing on their primary needs, especially health literacy and information literacy; continue to popularize scientific knowledge and methods, and highlight the guidance of scientific spirit to adapt to the characteristics of the development of scientific literacy of the elderly; promote the transformation of science popularization services to adapt to aging, and improve the ability of science popularization and services for the elderly.

The Guideline on Facilitating the Popularization of Science and Technology in the New Era and Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy (2021—2035) put forward specific requirements for the scientific literacy of leading cadres and civil servants. In the face of the requirements and main problems of the development of scientific literacy of leading cadres and civil servants in the new era, a thematic analysis of the data from the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey has been conducted which contained leading cadres and civil servants, Research findings：the scientific literacy level of leading cadres and civil servants is in a leading position among all kinds of people, and the improvement speed is fast, showing the development characteristics of high level and fast growth; in the aspects of scientific knowledge, scientific method, scientific spirit and thought, and the ability to apply science, the features of overall outstanding, comprehensive and balanced are presented. At the same time, there is still a gap between the scientific literacy of leading cadres and the ability requirements of complex and severe tasks. There is an obvious difference in the level of scientific quality between urban and rural areas and regions, and there are obvious imbalances. Through the above analysis and combined with the goals and requirements of scientific literacy development of leading cadres and civil servants, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions to improve the quality and efficiency of the scientific literacy construction of leading cadres and civil servants, to promote the continuous improvement of the scientific literacy of all.

Digital ethics is the value concepts and behavioural norms people need to follow when developing, disseminating, and applying digital technologies and products. Effectively preventing and controlling the risks of digital technology and promoting the establishment of a digital ethical order for the good of digital and the benefit of mankind is an important guarantee for the promotion of digital transformation. Digital ethical literacy is the cornerstone of a good digital ethical order, which includes the awareness of digital ethics and a sense of responsibility, compliance with digital ethical norms, and the ability to think and make decisions in digital ethics. At present, the digital ethical literacy of the public in China has yet to be improved, and the public's attitudes towards digital technology are diversified and different, which prompts the contemporary popularization of science to take the enhancement of the digital ethical literacy of the whole population as its essential mission. At the same time, digital technologies such as social media, virtual reality, augmented reality, generative artificial intelligence, and big data analytics have greatly empowered the digital transformation of science popularization, but they have also brought about digital ethical issues such as the accuracy of information, the protection of users' privacy, algorithmic pushing, and information cocooning. Science popularization must also comply with digital ethics, establish digital ethical awareness, build ethical norms, improve ethical decision-making capacity, and strengthen international communication and cooperation.

Open science based on modern information technology has brought new changes to the development of science today and impacted the traditional model of science popularization. With the advantages of technology and digitalization, open science enables the public to access scientific and technological knowledge more conveniently, intervene in different aspects of scientific research activities and finally become an significant participant in scientific research activities. Open science provides a more open, free and diversified development space for transforming and upgrading science popularization. At the same time, it also makes the contemporary science popularization work face the outstanding challenges of expanding the participating subjects of science popularization and the need to establish a new relationship between scientists and the public. To promote the development of science popularization under the conditions of open science, it is necessary to further strengthen the responsibility of scientists, improve the digital skills and literacy of citizens, and enhance the technical ability of science popularization, to achieve the synergistic development of open science and science popularization.

This paper briefly introduces the connotation of Digital transformation, sorts out the research on Digital transformation of museums and science and technology museums, summarizes the difficulties of Digital transformation in science and technology museums, and points out that the biggest problem of transformation is related to "person". On this basis, digital transformation paths in science and technology museums were proposed, namely, planning, cognition, pilot work, scheme and implementation, emphasizing the tasks and roles of the chief information officer, digital transformation team, functional departments and all employees, and focusing on the methods and relations between business and organization transformation. It also points out that digital transformation should establish the concept of data assets and use data to drive reform.

The scientific explanation is the essential content of natural science museum exhibitions and educational activities. Natural science museums have the advantage of scientific explanations because of their rich collections. However, some problems exist in museums, such as ambiguous educational objectives, incomplete explanation logic, and single point of view. This paper takes the contextual model of learning as the theoretical framework and combines the conceptual metaphor theory of the cognitive science field and the explanatory model in the philosophy of science. Then, this paper puts forward solutions for the three levels of personal context, physical context, and sociocultural context respectively. First, museums need to investigate the audience's basic cognition, reasoning mode, and re-understanding framework to analyze the needs of target communities. Second, conceptual metaphor and explanatory model are suggested to establish the framework of basic elements to optimize the process of scientific explanation in order to build a complete explanatory chain. Third, museums need to communicate with the audience through dialogue and common values. Finally, a closed-loop structure of scientific explanation model and efficiency evaluation method are illustrated, which promotes the museums to become an essential place to transmit scientific knowledge and publicize scientific spirit.

Building a positive interaction between supply and demand for emergency science popularization is the key to achieving good results in emergency science popularization. This article uses mass communication theory in combination with China's emergency science popularization supply and demand practice through content analysis and questionnaire methods to compare the current situation of both supply and demand sides of emergency science popularization products, analyze the specific manifestations and causes of supply and demand mismatch, explore practical ways to promote supply and demand matching, and propose to build supply and demand docking channels through standardized construction to promote benign interaction between supply and demand, To solve the current problems of insufficient adequatesupply and obvious supply gaps faced by emergency science popularization, optimize the supply side structure of emergency science popularization, and improve the supply efficiency of emergency science popularization.

Scientific and technological achievements are an important subset of scientific and technical resources. As an important measure to promote the coordinated development of scientific popularization and scientific and technological innovation, the popularization of scientific and technical achievements has attracted increasing attention. Scientific and technological achievements popularization has the basic elements of the communication process and follows and embodies the basic principles and laws of science communication. Based on the 5W communication model, this paper analyzes the "Science Popularization Release of Scientific and Technological Achievements" project from the five aspects of communicators, communication content, communication channels, communication audiences, and communication effects. It obtains the experience of building a win-win mechanism of "Association for Science and Technology, Media, and Scientists" cooperation, fully mining the science popularization value of scientific and technological achievements and secondary editing, creating a communication matrix, using the "central kitchen" model to achieve all media communication, adjusting and optimizing content based on audience needs, and improving science popularization effects. Seize the opportunity and integrate into major science popularization activities.