Developing efficient material recovery strategies is crucial for achieving a sustainable transformation of the plastic economy. However, the complex composition and high heterogeneity of real−life plastic waste pose significant challenges to the process. Professor Ma from Peking University, along with collaborators, proposed an orthogonal transformation strategy. They integrated solid−state NMR analysis with catalytic conversion methods. This approach successfully established a highly adaptable route. The route can convert unknown real−life plastic waste into a series of valuable chemicals. The strategy still requires further optimization and validation in its economic feasibility, environmental benefits, industrial applicability and so on. Nevertheless, it offers a complementary new perspective for addressing this complex real−world problem. This strategy holds promise for achieving high−value utilization of carbon and hydrogen resources in real−life plastic waste. It also provides theoretical support for advancing a circular economy in the plastics sector.

In 2025, nuclear physics research has reached a critical juncture characterized by cross−scale, interdisciplinary integration. From exploring nucleon binding mechanisms, the nature of nuclear forces, and shell evolution, to simulating quark–gluon plasma under extreme temperatures and densities; from tracing the origins of heavy elements and the evolution of dense astrophysical matter, to testing weak interactions, fundamental symmetries, and quantum information applications—these fields highlight the key challenges in contemporary nuclear physics. These topics are not only widely discussed at the international forefront in nuclear physics but have also become important areas where Chinese scholars actively participate and contribute. This article provides an accessible review of representative achievements in 2025 across areas such as nuclear structure, heavy−ion collisions, nuclear astrophysics, and symmetry measurements, with a focus on high−level research involving Chinese teams. It also offers an outlook on the development trends in nuclear physics over the next decade.

Against the backdrop of the global transition toward green and low−carbon development, electrocatalytic synthesis technology utilizes renewable electricity to drive chemical reactions, offering a highly promising pathway for the direct synthesis of chemicals under mild conditions. By precisely regulating electrode potential to achieve high−selectivity synthesis, this approach combines the advantages of atom economy and low−carbon efficiency, positioning itself as a critical link between renewable energy and future intelligent manufacturing. In the context of the "dual carbon" goals, this review systematically summarizes key advances in the field of electrocatalytic synthesis over the past year. In terms of inorganic molecular conversion, it focuses on the interfacial microenvironment engineering and electrolyzer design for CO₂ reduction reaction, the exploration of novel catalysts and mechanisms for nitrogen reduction reaction, and the development of highly efficient and stable catalysts for water electrolysis toward hydrogen production. In the area of organic electrosynthesis, it covers mechanism−driven innovations and process intensification, including potential−mediated precise synthesis of aryl halides, green electrochemical synthesis of amino acids, and the upcycling of plastic waste and biomass−derived molecules. The coordinated development of electrocatalytic synthesis technology provides robust support for achieving the "dual carbon" goals and offers valuable references for future research directions in this field.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging platform technology for achieving electro−mechanical energy conversion, with great potential for applications in various fields such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, and high entropy energy. This article provides a brief overview of the latest strategies and methods to improve the output performance of TENG since 2025, including composite triboelectric dielectric materials, unlocking accumulated charges at interfaces, and constructing bipolar symmetric step-down converters. Additionally, it reviews the latest progress of TENG in the fields of micro/nano energy, self−powered sensors, blue energy, wearable electronics, contact−electro−catalysis, and engineering applications, so that more scientific and technological workers can understand the latest development trends of TENG and promote faster development in related fields.

This review synthesizes the progress and trends in global environmental science for the year 2025, based on research published in leading journals such as Nature, Science, and National Science Review. Current international environmental research is characterized by multi−scale interdisciplinary integration and technology−policy synergy. Key frontiers are identified, including the accounting of global biogeochemical cycles, attribution of extreme climate events, mechanisms of ecosystem functional responses, health effects of atmospheric pollution, and the design of carbon neutrality pathways. Significant breakthroughs have been reported in understanding carbon sink dynamics, data−driven prediction, and carbon emission reduction technologies. China has made prominent contributions in addressing complex local environmental issues and promoting green technology applications. Particularly in the fields of greenhouse gas accounting, PM_2.5 toxicity control, and sectoral decarbonization pathways, practical and distinctive "Chinese solutions" have been developed. However, gaps remain in leading global fundamental scientific inquiries and constructing major original theoretical systems. To advance China's environmental science research to the world forefront, future efforts should focus on deepening global collaborative observation, strengthening interdisciplinary integration, accelerating technology industrialization, and enhancing discourse power in environmental governance.

Hydrogeological intelligent computing represents an emerging scientific paradigm that integrates physical principles with artificial intelligence. An analysis of key 2025 research trends reveals that in core applied fields such as groundwater resource assessment, mine water hazard prevention, and contaminant transport remediation, hydrogeology is transitioning from traditional data−driven approaches toward physics−informed fusion. This shift moves beyond isolated technological breakthroughs toward constructing a comprehensive technical system encompassing "data sensing, knowledge extraction, and simulation−driven decision−making". Although challenges remain in mechanism modeling, data quality, and standardization, intelligent computing has significantly enhanced prediction accuracy and decision reliability in complex scenarios such as groundwater flow simulation and surface–subsurface water coupling. Looking ahead to 2026, deeper integration of artificial intelligence and large−scale models into mechanistic research is expected to enable more accurate, interpretable, and trustworthy intelligent simulation systems and early−warning decision−support frameworks.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) refers to an individual's ability to recognize, comprehend, regulate, and apply emotional information. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of affective computing technologies, emotion−enabled health monitoring and intervention have evolved into one of the core issues in the field of public health. This article systematically reviews research progress in key areas—including multimodal emotion recognition, psychological frameworks based on large models, digital emotion regulation interventions, and AI virtual agents—along with their specialized applications in mental health. Furthermore, it discusses current challenges. Specific challenges include: group differences and recognition accuracy issues, ethical and efficacy concerns in AI−based psychological interventions, and emotional data privacy and governance challenges. Future directions are proposed, such as advancing multimodal emotional reasoning and planning, promoting standardized diagnosis and treatment alongside personalized in−home support, and establishing an ethical framework centered on data governance and regulation.

In 2025, unmanned aerial vehicle technology will develop in directions such as intelligence, autonomy, systemaltization, and low−cost becoming the core driving force for the large−scale application of low−altitude economy and the construction of a global intelligent airspace system. This paper systematically elaborates on the development trends of unmanned aerial vehicle technology in 2025 from multiple dimensions including unmanned aerial vehicle technology innovation, key unmanned aerial vehicle technologies, unmanned aerial vehicle application verification, anti−unmanned aerial vehicle tactics, and unmanned aerial vehicle management policies. At the critical stage of the global implementation of low−altitude economy on a large scale, the optimization of communication networking efficiency, the intelligent collaboration of heterogeneous platforms, and the construction of a secure and trustworthy airspace system have become the forefront of global technological competition and jointly promote the formation of a new ecosystem of the unmanned aerial vehicle industry where humans, machines, and objects are integrated. In the future, unmanned aerial vehicles will be driven by distributed collaboration and based on intelligent safe airspace, continuously injecting strong new technological impetus for the high−quality development and digital transformation of the low−altitude economy.

Driven by dual demands of intensive frequency utilization in military electronic warfare equipment and high−spectral−efficiency communication in civilian devices, the co−time co−frequency transmit−receive array technology has become a research hotspot. However, this technology faces serious self−interference problems, which restricts its performance improvement. This review comprehensively synthesizes recent advancements in self−interference suppression techniques, covering interference coupling channels, spatial, analog, and digital domain mitigation strategies, and experimental validations. Current state−of−the−art demonstrates a transmit–receive isolation of 137.3 dB for a 256×256 transmit–receive separated array at a 26.4 GHz center frequency in China, and 140.5 dB for a 4×4 transmit–receive separated array at 2.45 GHz in America, approaching engineering viability. Nonetheless, the widespread adoption of large−scale multi−antenna systems in complex environments exposes these arrays to intense near−field multi−dimensional cross−coupling interference. Future research priorities should include elucidating near−field interference mechanisms, optimizing spatial degrees of freedom, simplifying analog domain processing, and refining non−ideal factor compensation models, thereby enabling practical deployment of this transformative technology.

The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with small direct− current link (DC−link) capacitors has significant advantages of high power density and high reliability, and has been widely used in the industrial applications such as transportation and home appliances. It also has broad application prospects in high−end equipment fields such as aerospace. However, due to the reduction of DC−link capacitance, there exists the harmonics coupling between dq−axis current, which increase the difficulty of extracting the beat amplitude directly and the performance reduction of traditional method, which only suppressing current harmonics in single axis. To realize the direct regulation of the beat phenomenon, this paper proposes an impedance reshaping strategy based on the reconstruction of the beat envelope, which can eliminate the coupling of beat amplitude from dq−axis harmonics. The relationship among the current harmonics, the voltage harmonics in dq−axes, and the beat envelope amplitude is analyzed through the impedance model in the field weakening region. On this basis, the motor voltage harmonics in dq−axes are applied to extract the beat amplitude with the mean values of the motor currents in dq−axes, whose accuracy can be maintained under the current coupling. The closed loop of the beat amplitude is built to improve he adaptability to the motor speed and torque, and the output is the adjusting angle for the voltage reference vector, which is used to reshape the impedance relationship between the beat amplitude and rectifier voltage. Experimental results show that the strategy can suppress the beat phenomenon of the motor current effectively and solve the scientific problem of motor oscillation.

Hard tech refers to the core technologies in disruptive, cutting−edge fields, grounded in long−term fundamental research. It is built upon scientific discoveries and technological inventions, requiring sustained R&D investment and continuous accumulation. It features high technical barriers and well−defined application scenarios, is difficult to replicate or imitate, and plays a vital supporting role in economic and social development. Against the backdrop of technological competition increasingly becoming the core focus of major−power rivalry, hard tech has become a core driver of national industrial upgrading and high−quality economic development. Systematically analyzing the critical value, development dilemmas, and response strategies of hard tech holds significant practical significance.China's hard tech development faces a triple pressure of difficulties in early−stage financing, challenges in achieving technological innovation breakthroughs, and intensifying external technological blockades. In response to the aforementioned problems, the paper proposes policy recommendations in five key areas: (1) building fully functional generic technology platforms to foster a hard tech enterprise ecosystem; (2) cultivating patient capital, leveraging the role of government−guided funds to catalyze social capital towards "investing early, small, and hard"; (3) optimizing industrial layout to improve industrial and supply chains centered on hard tech; (4) strengthening precision policy support and improving the risk−sharing mechanism for hard tech innovation and transformation; (5) promoting the spirit of scientific craftsmanship and enhancing the cultivation of innovative talents.

Yu Yongxin, a key figure in China's virology and biological products research, dedicated his career to tackling major infectious diseases such as Japanese encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and rabies. He led the development of the SA14−14−2 live−attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, which marked a breakthrough in vaccine safety, quality assurance, and international recognition. Yu also organized the establishment of evaluation systems for HFRS vaccines and promoted technological improvements across various vaccine platforms, enabling the transition of rabies vaccines from traditional methods to cell culture−based production. Through his contributions in standardization, international collaboration, technology transfer, and talent cultivation, he helped build a comprehensive system encompassing vaccine research, testing, and dissemination—providing strong support for the advancement of China's vaccine industry and public health infrastructure.