This review synthesizes the progress and trends in global environmental science for the year 2025, based on research published in leading journals such as Nature, Science, and National Science Review. Current international environmental research is characterized by multi−scale interdisciplinary integration and technology−policy synergy. Key frontiers are identified, including the accounting of global biogeochemical cycles, attribution of extreme climate events, mechanisms of ecosystem functional responses, health effects of atmospheric pollution, and the design of carbon neutrality pathways. Significant breakthroughs have been reported in understanding carbon sink dynamics, data−driven prediction, and carbon emission reduction technologies. China has made prominent contributions in addressing complex local environmental issues and promoting green technology applications. Particularly in the fields of greenhouse gas accounting, PM_2.5 toxicity control, and sectoral decarbonization pathways, practical and distinctive "Chinese solutions" have been developed. However, gaps remain in leading global fundamental scientific inquiries and constructing major original theoretical systems. To advance China's environmental science research to the world forefront, future efforts should focus on deepening global collaborative observation, strengthening interdisciplinary integration, accelerating technology industrialization, and enhancing discourse power in environmental governance.