Against the backdrop of the global transition toward green and low−carbon development, electrocatalytic synthesis technology utilizes renewable electricity to drive chemical reactions, offering a highly promising pathway for the direct synthesis of chemicals under mild conditions. By precisely regulating electrode potential to achieve high−selectivity synthesis, this approach combines the advantages of atom economy and low−carbon efficiency, positioning itself as a critical link between renewable energy and future intelligent manufacturing. In the context of the "dual carbon" goals, this review systematically summarizes key advances in the field of electrocatalytic synthesis over the past year. In terms of inorganic molecular conversion, it focuses on the interfacial microenvironment engineering and electrolyzer design for CO₂ reduction reaction, the exploration of novel catalysts and mechanisms for nitrogen reduction reaction, and the development of highly efficient and stable catalysts for water electrolysis toward hydrogen production. In the area of organic electrosynthesis, it covers mechanism−driven innovations and process intensification, including potential−mediated precise synthesis of aryl halides, green electrochemical synthesis of amino acids, and the upcycling of plastic waste and biomass−derived molecules. The coordinated development of electrocatalytic synthesis technology provides robust support for achieving the "dual carbon" goals and offers valuable references for future research directions in this field.