The development of science and technology and major decisions of science and technology for development are more complex and uncertain, which puts forward higher requirements for the comprehensive integration of science and technology strategy consulting. By combing theoretical studies such as system methodology, think tank double helix method, philosophy-mathematics-physics-affairs-human science, and integrated science, this paper summarizes the three basic ways of comprehensive integration of science and technology strategy consulting, that is, the introduction to think tank science and engineering lays the foundation for the comprehensive integration of science and technology strategy consulting, the application of digital technologies provides the means for this comprehensive integration, and the technology identification and forecasting system offers a practical case study for the comprehensive integration of science and technology strategy. Grasping the law of science and technology strategy consulting, mastering scientific methods and practice paths, so as to better integrate the elements of science and technology strategy, improve the strategic research and strategic consulting capabilities of science and technology think tanks, and improve the scientificity and feasibility of policy suggestions. High-quality science and technology strategy research and high-quality science and technology strategy consulting would support high-level science and technology strategic decision-making.

On December 5, 2024, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) released its latest decadal survey, The Next Decade of Discovery in Solar and Space Physics: Exploring and Safeguarding Humanity's Home in Space (2024), which is the third strategic study released by NAS for guiding the development of the solar and space physics in the next 10 years. This decadal survey report identifies the highest priority science for the next decade and presents a comprehensive and balanced research strategy for making measurable progress on science. This paper provides a comprehensive interpretation of the decadal survey report, and analyzes the vision, science and space weather themes, guiding questions, research focus areas, and major science missions in solar and space physics over the next decade, in order to enrich understanding of the space around us and to prepare humanity for the future, which will provide useful inspiration and reference for research and development in solar and space physics in China.

This article takes a deep dive into the pivotal role of large-scale scientific facilities in innovations of human knowledge, focusing on the steady high magnetic field facility (SHMFF) as an example. Significant contributions are investigated including achieving scientific goals, driving knowledge innovations, promoting industrial upgrading, enhancing international cooperation and exchanges, and attracting top-level talents. SHMFF has established a high-field magnet cluster, providing advanced experimental conditions for cutting-edge research in multiple disciplines such as physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology. This enables researchers to conduct a series of high-standard experimental studies and achieve a series of high-level scientific outcomes. Its derived technologies have been widely applied in fields such as high-end equipment manufacturing and pharmaceutical research, effectively promoting regional economic development. Meanwhile, adhering to the concept of open sharing, SHMFF has achieved multiple breakthroughs in the fields of biology and materials through international cooperation, facilitating the exchange and sharing of knowledge. The successful practice of SHMFF demonstrates the pivotal role of large-scale scientific facilities in driving knowledge innovation and offers valuable insights for optimizing the layout of such facilities and enhancing their technological sophistication in China. In the future, the continued construction and improvement of large-scale scientific facilities systems will serve as a crucial strategic foundation for advancing knowledge innovation and scientific progress.

As one kind of large-scale scientific facilities, particle accelerators play a vital role in the progress of global science and technology. Synchrotron radiation light sources driven by storage ring accelerators, have already undergone four generations of development. They are playing an increasingly significant role in both basic scientific research and applied science fields. This article briefly reviews the generational evolution of particle accelerators and synchrotron radiation light sources. It offers a detailed description of the technological features of the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light sources based on diffraction-limited storage rings, such as compact multi-bend achromat (MBA) design, synergistic breakthroughs in small-aperture magnet and advanced vacuum coating technologies. Following a birdview of global advancements in fourth-generation synchrotron radiation facilities, the latest progress of the High Energy Photon Source is reported in detail. Moreover, it makes a preliminary exploration into the potential directions of the future development of accelerator-based light sources, including breakthrough in beam emittance limit, AI-driven real-time beam control, integration of storage ring light source with free-electron laser principles.

The discovery of millisecond pulsars has opened up a rich field for astrophysics. The FAST telescope plays an important role in the study of millisecond pulsars. This paper reviews the research progress of millisecond pulsars since their discovery 42 years ago, including their physical properties, formation and evolution, millisecond pulsar timing arrays and gravitational wave detection. The physical parameter distribution of millisecond pulsars is studied by statistical method, showing the unique properties of millisecond pulsars. In addition, this paper also introduces millisecond pulsars in globular clusters, which provides us with a new perspective on their evolution and helps to reveal the key process of pulsar evolution. With the advantages of FAST's high precision and high sensitivity, it is expected to discover new special types of pulsars and exotic objects from globular clusters in the future, e.g., double millisecond pulsar systems (MSP-MSP), millisecond pulsar-black hole systems (MSP-BH), and submillisecond pulsars, which will greatly enrich our analysis of neutron star types and characteristics. In addition, FAST will also play an important role in the detection of nanohertz gravitational waves, which will provide us with deeper insights into the universe and reveal more mysteries of the universe.

FAST, as a world-class radio telescope, has made significant achievements in many directions. However, with the increasing international competition, FAST's limitations are becoming more apparent. Therefore, we propose the FAST Phase II project, which aims to develop a low-cost and rapidly implementable array upgrading scheme. The plan is to build 24 40-meter aperture antennas within 5 kilometers around FAST by 2027 to form a synthetic aperture array with a sensitivity of 3600 square meters per Kelvin. By the end of 2030, another 40 antennas of the same aperture will be built within 30 kilometers to form the FAST Phase II, which will enhance the imaging capability and spatial resolution. The upgraded FAST will work in conjunction with other large fully steerable single-antenna telescopes in China to achieve a resolution of 15 milliarcseconds and a sensitivity of 6400 square meters per Kelvin, about twice that of ngVLA. The FAST Phase II project will not only improve the sensitivity but also enhance the high-resolution imaging capability, so as to significantly advance the cutting-edge research in time-domain astronomy, neutral hydrogen detection of distant galaxies, large-scale structure of the universe, dark energy, and other fields.

Ocean is an important field of scientific and technological innovation, and the significant breakthroughs in marine science and technology and the output of major marine scientific and technological achievements mainly depend on the development level of marine large-scale scientific facilities. Marine large-scale scientific facilities, as a concentrated embodiment of the level of scientific research infrastructure and equipment manufacturing capability in this field, have been highly valued by the major marine countries in the world. This paper summarizes the situation, development trends and characteristics of major marine large-scale scientific facilitity constructions worldwide, such as research vessels, deep submersibles, submarine observation networks, offshore drilling platforms and ocean satellites. This paper can provide reference for the construction, development, management, and operation of marine large-scale scientific facilities in China. In view of the difficulties in project approval, low operation efficiency of facilities, and unstable funding support in the construction of marine large-scale scientific facilities in China, suggestions are put forward from five aspects: strengthening top-level design, ensuring financial support, enhancing the integration of production and research, giving full play to the potential of facilities, and creating an innovative ecosystem.

This paper systematically reviews drilling operations and sample data accumulation under the International Ocean Drilling Program over five decades‌, highlighting its groundbreaking scientific achievements in geodynamics, climatic evolution, origin and evolution of life‌, and marine natural hazards‌. It further examines future trajectories for ocean drilling in operational frameworks, data management and utilization‌, and scientific goal formulation under evolving global contexts. Despite expanding drilling depths and scopes through half a century‌, vast unexplored oceanic regions and unresolved scientific challenges persist worldwide‌. With the retirement of the U.S. JOIDES Resolution, the joint European-Japanese initiation of IODP³, and China's newly commissioned 'Meng Xiang' drilling vessel‌, the IODP landscape faces transformative restructuring‌. Chinese scientists should align with national strategic priorities‌, track cutting-edge disciplines, strengthen international collaboration‌, leverage comparative advantages‌, and secure leadership in forthcoming scientific ocean drilling endeavors‌.

Based on original materials from the development of the Micius satellite, this article reviews its initiation, development, and technological breakthroughs. It summarizes the new characteristics of engineering thinking, close team collaboration, and integration of indicators embodied in scientists' deep involvement. Research has indicated that the Micius project represents a new model of large-scale scientific engineering under the national system. In this model, scientists and engineers collaborate in a networked cooperative fashion focused on scientific goals, where science guides, technology supports, and engineering exemplifies coordinated effort across systems for innovative solutions.

The mathematical nature of rail transport planning and control is an optimisation problem under discrete constraints, which is NP-hard (non-deterministic polynomial) , having high computational complexity. As an important research direction for the future leapfrog development of computing power, quantum computing is expected to provide potential solutions to solve the complex problems in existing large-scale road networks. The basic concepts and algorithms of quantum computing are introduced, and its potential application scenarios in the field of rail transportation are analysed, including the optimization of train scheduling, automatic train operation control and dynamic coupling and decoupling of train groups. The advantages of quantum particle swarm algorithm in solving complex optimisation problems are verified through experiments, which show that quantum computing has significant computational efficiency improvement in dealing with large-scale discrete constrained optimisation problems. However, the application of quantum computing technology in rail transport still faces challenges such as quantum bit decoherence, hardware integration and result security. This paper summarizes the prospects of quantum computing applications in rail transit and the problems it may face, and highlights the potentials and challenges of quantum computing technology in promoting the intelligent development of rail transit.

Computer-generated holography is a distinguished and promising choice for dynamic three-dimensional display. Currently, the greatest challenge in computer-generated holography lies in the inability of holographic algorithms to simultaneously achieve both high precision and speed. To address this challenge, a convolution-error-free model-driven neural network is proposed in this work, enabling the fast generation of high-fidelity phase-only computer-generated holograms. Firstly, the mechanism of convolution errors in the angular spectrum method is analyzed. A modified angular spectrum method that eliminates convolution errors is proposed, along with an iterative framework based on this modified method. The effectiveness of the error-free angular spectrum method in enhancing the calculation precision of phase-only holograms is successfully demonstrated. Secondly, a model-driven neural network is developed by incorporating the convolution-error-free angular spectrum method as the decoder. This network achieves a reduction of calculation time for generating phase-only holograms by 3 orders of magnitude. The phase-only holograms generated by this network effectively suppress speckle noise and enhance detail quality in optical reconstructions, achieving an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 20.38 dB. With ongoing advancements in depth gradient saliency and channel efficiency consistency, the proposed network holds significant potential for widespread application in areas including virtual reality, metaverse, and three-dimensional video communication.

Realizing a balance between technological development and security is a major practical issue that global artificial intelligence governance must confront. At present, the most representative models of global artificial intelligence governance are the "rule of law" model guided by ethics first behavior in the European Union and the "soft rules" model guided by technology first behavior in the United States. This paper systematically analyzes the differences between the two models from the perspectives of governance ideology, governance subject, governance system and governance strategy, and proposes policy implications for optimizing China's AI governance path based on this.

Huang Xuhua, as the chief designer of the China's first-generation nuclear submarine project, stands as a pioneering and foundational figure in the nation's nuclear submarine development. This study systematically examines Huang's academic contributions through some analytical dimensions. It further elucidates the "spirit of nuclear submarine development" forged through this pioneering endeavor. Through rigorous analysis, the paper identifies three intrinsic driving forces behind Huang's exceptional achievements.