Objective To analyze the expression of chemerin and Sprouty1 proteins in common psoriasis lesion tissues and their correlation with the severity of the disease. Methods Sixty-eight patients with common psoriasis who received treatment at the dermatology outpatient clinic of the Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from February 2018 to November 2020 were selected as the experimental group, and another 68 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination at the dermatology outpatient clinics of the two hospitals during the same period were selected as the control group. The skin lesions of the trunk or limbs of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and normal skin tissues of healthy subjects were collected. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of chemerin and Sprouty1 protein in skin tissues, and RT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression of chemerin and Sprouty1 mRNA in skin tissues, and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of chemerin and Sprouty1 protein with the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Results The results of immunohistochemical assay showed that chemerin and Sprouty1 proteins were expressed in the skin tissues of both groups. Chemerin protein was strongly expressed in the adipose tissue of the skin lesions in experimental group, and in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the control group with a small amount of expression; Sprouty1 protein was expressed in the cell membrane of the granular layer cells of the skin lesions in experimental group with a small amount of expression, and in control group, Sprouty1 protein was strongly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of the whole epidermal layer cells. The relative expressions of chemerin mRNA (1.478±0.14 vs. 0.858±0.08, P<0.001) and protein (1.138±0.12 vs. 0.789±0.06, P<0.001) were significantly higher in experimental group than in control group, and the relative expressions of Sprouty1 mRNA (0.837±0.04 vs. 1.346±0.09, P<0.001) and protein (0.646±0.05 vs. 1.212±0.12, P<0.001) were significantly lower than that of control group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the relative expression of chemerin protein was positively correlated with PASI score (r=0.536, P<0.05), and the relative expression of Sprouty1 protein was negatively correlated with PASI score (r=-0.619, P<0.05). Conclusion The relative expression of chemerin and Sprouty1 protein in the lesion tissue of common psoriasis correlated with PASI score.

Objective To investigate the clinical characters and influence factors of immune-related thyroiditis(irT) brought by the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in treatment of malignant tumor. Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed of 286 certificated patients treated with ICI in the Department of Oncology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital during 2019-2020. The patients were divided into irT group (n=83) and non-irT group (n=203)according to the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction, and the differences between the two groups were compared of age, gender,tumor origin, previous treatment history and ICI types. Then the patients were divided into different subgroups according to the clinical manifestations or severity of irT, then the time of thyroid injury occurrence, auto-antibody level and recovery degree of thyroid dysfunction were compared and analyzed among different subgroups. Results Of the 286 certificated patients, 83 patients(29.0%) developed irT, those with lower age and history of radiotherapy had greater incidence rate. The clinical manifestation of irT included hyperthyroidism (n=28, 33.7%), hypothyroidism (n=48, 57.8%) and transient thyroiditis with normal thyroid function(n=7, 8.4%). All the 83 irT patients, 76 patients (91.6%) only developed mild irT, while 7 patients (8.4%) were severe. In the 28 patients initially diagnosed as immune-related hyperthyroidism, 7 patients (25%) progressed to secondary hypothyroidism in the later course with faster evolution rate than the patients with primary thyroiditis. There was no statistical difference in irT incidence among the patients treated with 4 frequently used PD-1 inhibitors (Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Sintilimab and Toripalimab).Among the 83 irT patients, the serum thyroid auto-antibodies levels were often elevated in irT patients. The thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb) was elevated in 23 patients (29.5%) and the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were elevated in 14 patients (12.8%).The TGAb and TPOAb levels were significantly higher in severe irT patients than that in mild patients. The symptoms in most irT patients were reversible and the treatment was tolerable. Only 3 patients (3.6%) stopped ICI treatment due to intolerable symptoms. Conclusions The incidence of irT during immunotherapy was relatively high and its clinical manifestations progressed rapidly.Continuously monitoring the thyroid function should be done during ICI treatment. The clinicians should treat the irT patients promptly according to their clinical stages and symptoms.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of GALNT2 protein in lung adenocarcinoma(LAC) based on data mining. Methods GALNT2 gene expression in LAC was analyzed using Oncomine database. UALCAN analysis platform was used to analyze the relationship between GALNT2 gene expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) datasets and clinical features, and KM-plotter website was used to analyze the relationship between GALNT2 gene expression in LAC and prognosis. The mutations of GALNT2 gene in LAC from TCGA dataset were explored using cBioportal online analysis tools. The related protein networks were constructed for function enrichment analysis by using String database. Results The data in the Oncomine database showed that the mRNA expression and DNA copy number variation (CNV) of GALNT2 in LAC tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues (P<0.01). The transcription and protein level of GALNT2 in tumor tissues in LAC patients were significantly higher than that in marching tissues,but its expression level had no correlation with the clinical pathological characteristics of patients. A total of 52 samples of 503 LAC samples had GALNT2 gene mutation, and the mutation rate was about 10%. Survival curve analysis showed that the overall survival periods of GALNT2 high expression group and GALNT2 mutation group were shorter than those of GALNT2 low expression group and no mutation group (P<0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the high expression of GALNT2 was an independent risk factor of prognosis in LAC (HR=1.48, P=0.01). String database analysis revealed that GALNT1, RAB6A, RAB6B,DYNC1H1, DYNC1LI1, DCTNs, CAPZAs and mucins had obvious interactions with GALNT2, and these proteins were mainly involved in minus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule, protein O-linked glycosylation via serine/threonine, O-glycan processing and IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusions GALNT2 can be highly expressed in LAC tissues, has a high frequency of gene mutation, and may be related to poor prognosis of patients using data mining methods, thus providing a theoretical basis for further research on the role of GALNT2 in the occurrence and progression of LAC.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of liver cancer is created by transplanting the primary tumor tissue of patients with liver cancer into immunodeficient mice to simulate the biological characteristics of primary tumors, similar genetic characteristics and tumor heterogeneity with patients, which has been widely used in liver cancer research and plays an important role in drug research and clinical tumor treatment. This review firstly summarize the methodology to establish PDX models of liver cancer, four new PDX models of live cancer, and then go over recent application and function of liver cancer PDX models in basic cancer research and in preclinical explorations and finally give our perspectives on the future prospects of liver cancer PDX models.

TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKε, are new members of the IKK family. They are important regulators of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and play an important role in metabolic disease. IKKε and TBK1 not only reduce the sensitivity of β adrenergic receptors to catecholamines in adipocytes of obese mice, reduce the level of second messenger cAMP,but also regulate the regeneration of pancreatic β cells. Blocking the IKKε and TBK1 signaling pathways can promote adipose tissue energy consumption, reduce the expression of chronic inflammatory factors in adipocytes, enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce insulin resistance, reduce body weight, and prevent obesity caused by high fat diet. In this review, we reviewed the structure and function of TBK1 and IKKε, as well as the molecular mechanisms of TBK1 and IKKε in the regulation of metabolism in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Finally, we discussed the potential of TBK1and IKKε in the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Deep learning (DL), as a branch of artificial intelligence, is the mainstream artificial intelligence recognition method for image, voice and language. In recent years, it has attracted more and more attention in the medical field. The DL technique characterizes and analyzes the original features of a particular large amount of data. By using a multi-layered machine learning model, it simulates the activity of neurons in the brain and finally the computer outputs a single diagnosis. With reference to related research findings in China and foreign countries, this paper introduces the advances of its development and application in the diagnosis and treatment of spinal degenerative diseases such as lumbar disc herniation and cervical spondylosis, as well as its future prospetive.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a highly malignant hematological tumor derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) precursor cells, which has both lymphoma and leukemia characteristics, and is clinically rare. The disease easily involves the bone marrow, with low long-term survival rate and poor prognosis. Skin lesions can be seen in most BPDCN patients as the fi rst symptom, and their skin manifestations lack speci fi city, so is easy to be misdiagnosed and missed in clinic. High dose induction chemotherapy combined with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the main treatment methods for BPDCN,and new targeted therapies and immunotherapeutic drugs have also been put into clinical use. The de fi nition, epidemiology, pathogenesis,diagnosis and differential diagnosis, the latest research progress of treatment and prognosis of BPDCN have been summarized and discussed in present article, aiming to provide new ideas and references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of BPDCN.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease causing irreversible progressive destruction of articular cartilage,and still no effective treatment at present. The development of stem cell technology has brought light to the treatment of OA, but the investigate of using exogenous stem cells to repair or regenerate cartilage faces many difficulties, as the chondroid tissue produced by exogenous stem cells is different from the normal articular cartilage in terms of biological characteristics and function. To solve this problem, researchers have proposed mobilizing endogenous stem cells of articular cartilage to promote self-healing of the defect sites. Although articular cartilage lacks intrinsic reparative ability, numerous studies have confirmed the existence of cartilage-derived stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) in the superficial zone (SPZ) of cartilage. The research progress of superficial zone cartilage-derived stem/progenitor cells (SPZ-CSPCs) and their roles in OA were reviewed in present paper.

Objective To analysis the risk factors for the progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the non-demented elderly. Methods A total of 263 non-demented elderly who completed baseline and 3-year follow-up T₂ FLAIR scans were screened from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)-1 cohort. They were divided into the progressive group(n=66) and non-progressive group (n=197) according to the progression of WMHs. The baseline demographic data, cardiovascular disease history, apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype, cognitive function and WMHs volumes at baseline and three-year follow-up were compared between the two groups. The risk factors for the progression of WMHs in the non-demented elderly were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results The age, the proportion of coronary heart disease, the WMHs volume at baseline and three-year follow-up in WMHs progressive group were higher than those in non-progressive group, and the scores of immediate memory of auditory verbal learning test and trail making test-B were significantly lower than those in non-progressive group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Age correlated positively with baseline WMHs volume and WMHs volume at three-year follow-up (r_s=0.273, P<0.001; r_s=0.306, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥80 years and a history of coronary heart disease were independent risk factors for the progression of WMHs (OR=2.257, 95%CI 1.219-4.178, P=0.010;OR=2.556, 95%CI 1.048-6.234, P=0.039). Conclusion Age ≥80 years and a history of coronary heart disease are independent risk factors for the progression of WMHs in the non-demented elderly.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and propofol-remifentanil combined maintenance anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative residual curarisation (PORC) in minor surgery. Methods A total of 104 patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May 2020 to January 2021 were selected for this study. Patients were divided into Sevo group (maintenance by inspirating sevoflurance) and PR group (maintenance by intravenous injecting propofol and remifentanil). The train-of-four ratio (TOFr) during extubation and the existence of adverse respiratory events after extubation were recorded. The incidence of residual muscle relaxation during extubation and the incidence of adverse respiratory events after extubation were compared under different anesthesia maintenance conditions. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, body mass index (BMI), operation time, time from muscle relaxant administration to extubation, and bispect ralindex (BIS) at extubation between two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of PORC and adverse respiratory events between Sevo group and PR group [69.4%(34/49) vs. 53.8%(28/52),P>0.05; 2.0%(1/49) vs. 9.6%(5/52), P>0.05]. TOFr in Sevo group was slightly lower than that in PR group, and the difference was statistically significant [85%(78%, 90%) vs. 89%(84%, 93%), P<0.05]. The overall incidence of PORC was high, which was correlated with age, BMI, operative time, time from muscle relaxant administration to extubation, and BIS at extubation (P<0.05). Conclusion Sevoflurane anesthesia maintenance does not increase the incidence of muscle relaxation residual during extubation.The incidence of PORC can be high during extubation under general anesthesia in minor surgery. Muscle relaxation monitoring should be performed routinely during general anesthesia to improve safety.